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ASTM D3481-97(2002)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Shelling Two-Piece Child-Resistant Closures That Are Activated by Two Simultaneous Dissimilar Motions

Standard Test Method for Shelling Two-Piece Child-Resistant Closures That Are Activated by Two Simultaneous Dissimilar Motions

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the force required to separate (or "shell") the snap-fitted outer cap from the inner cap of Type IA, IB, or IC child-resistant closures.
1.2 This test method does not measure the force required to separate parts of a child-resistant closure system that were originally" screwed-on" instead of "snapped-on" (for example, pull a cap over or through continuous or multi-start threads when the cap was originally screwed on).
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Sep-2002
ICS
55.020 - Packaging and distribution of goods in general
Technical Committee
D10 - Packaging
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D3481-97 - Standard Test Method for Shelling Two-Piece Child-Resistant Closures That Are Activated by Two Simultaneous Dissimilar Motions
Effective Date
10-Sep-2002
Replaced By
ASTM D3481-06 - Standard Test Method for Manual Shelling Two-Piece Child-Resistant Closures That Are Activated by Two Simultaneous Dissimilar Motions
Effective Date
01-Apr-2006

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ASTM D3481-97(2002) - Standard Test Method for Shelling Two-Piece Child-Resistant Closures That Are Activated by Two Simultaneous Dissimilar MotionsASTM D3481-97(2002) - Standard Test Method for Shelling Two-Piece Child-Resistant Closures That Are Activated by Two Simultaneous Dissimilar Motions
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ASTM D3481-97(2002) - Standard Test Method for Shelling Two-Piece Child-Resistant Closures That Are Activated by Two Simultaneous Dissimilar Motions
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D3481–97 (Reapproved 2002)
Standard Test Method for
Shelling Two-Piece Child-Resistant Closures That Are
Activated by Two Simultaneous Dissimilar Motions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3481; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 Type IA child-resistant closure—a two-piece continu-
ous thread closure requiring a random push down while
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the force
turning; no orientation of the push down force is necessary.
required to separate (or “shell”) the snap-fitted outer cap from
3.1.2 Type IB child-resistant closure—a two-piece continu-
the inner cap of Type IA, IB, or IC child-resistant closures.
ous thread closure requiring a localized squeeze force while
1.2 This test method does not measure the force required to
turning; the force must be applied to a designated location on
separate parts of a child-resistant closure system that were
the closure skirt.
originally“ screwed-on” instead of “snapped-on” (for example,
3.1.3 Type IC child-resistant closure—a two-piece continu-
pull a cap over or through continuous or multi-start threads
ous thread closure requiring a random squeeze while turning;
when the cap was originally screwed on).
no orientation of the squeeze force is necessary.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
4. Summary of Test Method
information only.
4.1 This test method measures the force required to pry the
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
outercapofftheinnercapusingafixturehavingacontactpoint
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
under the tip of the skirt of the outer cap and leverage being
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
placed on that point and the top of the cap. This procedure is
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
used where a pivotal prying force can be successfully used to
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
separate the components of the closure system. Either a torque
2. Referenced Documents wrench or a torque meter can be used as a measuring device.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Significance and Use
D 3474 Practice for the Calibration and Use of Torque
2 5.1 This test method of applying force may be used as a
Meters Used in Packaging Applications
2 standardtesttocomparethecharacteristicsofagivendesignof
D 3475 Classification of Child-Resistant Packages
3 container/child-resistant closure system with a standard or to
E 105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials
compare the characteristics of container/child-resistant closure
E 122 Practice for Choice of Sample Size to Estimate a
3 systems differing in construction.
Measure of Quality for a Lot or Process
5.2 It may be used to simulate certain manipulations that
2.2 Other Documents:
may be expected to occur in protocol testing (such as, prying
ISO Bulletin 2233 Packaging—Complete, Filled, Transport
4 with the teeth or objects in the room, biting, and pulling with
Packages—Part 2: Conditioning for Testing
the teeth).
3. Terminology Terminology (see Classification D 3475) 5.3 This test may be used to establish performance specifi-
cations.
3.1 Definitions:
6. Apparatus
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on 6.1 Testing Machine(s):
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.31 on Child-
Resistant Packaging.
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 1997. Published February 1998. Originally
published as D 3481 – 76. Last previous edition D 3481 – 91.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
4 5
Available from the American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 43rd St., 4th Consumer Product Safety Commission’s Poison Prevention Packaging Act,
Floor, New York, NY 10036. 1970.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D3481–97 (2002)
Metric Equivalents
in. mm
3.00 76.2
1.00 25.4
1.70 43.2
0.50 12.7
0.22 5.6
0.04 1.0
0.07 1.8
0.88 22.4
0.38 9.7
0.60 15.2
0.85 21.6
2.10 53.3
Note A—0.040 in. (1.0 mm) or outer shell thickness.
Note B—Maximum 1 ⁄4 in. (34 mm)
Note C—Height adjusted with cap screw shown.
1 1 3
Note 1— ⁄4 , ⁄2 ,or ⁄4-in. square hole to fit a standard torque
wrench post.
Note 2—Tool made of ⁄4-in. metal bar stock.
FIG. 1 Cap Holding Fixture
6,7
6.1.1 Torque Meter— with a scale that will read with the 6.2.1 Cap Holding Fixture with one contact point under the
maximum point reading accuracy within the torque range lip of the outer cap skirt and the other point contacting the top
expected to be measured (for example, usea0to25T.I.P. of the cap. The distance between the two contact points should
torque meter for readings under 25 T.I.P., not a 0 to 100 T.I.P. be34mmorapproximately1 ⁄8in.(inaccordancewithpage19
torque meter). of the Krogman study ) or to the farthest side of the cap if less
6.1.2 Torque Wrench, of accepted design and capacity. than 34 mm.
6.2 Attachments, Fixtures, etc. (see Fig. 1): 6.2.2 Device forattachingtheabovetooltoatorquewrench
or torque meter.
6.2.3 Bottle, standard size, with corresponding finish to the
closure(s) being tested.
Owens-Illinois Torque Meters, available from Secure-Pak, Inc., 4009 Beach-
way Blvd., Toledo, OH 43614, or the equivalent, have been found to be satisfactory
for this test method.
7. Sampling
A digital torque instrument, if used, will have an appropriate design and scale
7.1 The number of samples will depend on the desired
capacity for the container/closure system to be evaluated. Torque results will be
available in either electronic display or printout format. purpose for which the test is being conducted. However, for a
----------------
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4.2 This test method is intended to determine the ability of packaging to protect contents from such impacts, and to evaluate if there is sufficient clearance or support or both between the package wall and its contents.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures and equipment for testing complete filled transport packages for resistance against concentrated low-level impacts typical of those encountered in the distribution environment. The test is most appropriate for packages such as thin fluted/lighter grade corrugated boxes or stretch-wrapped packaging.  
1.2 The test result is a pass/fail determination, based on acceptance criteria previously established, and a record of the energy dissipated by the complete filled transport package during a low level concentrated impact.
Note 1: This test method discusses the conduct of the test from a prescribed height that either meets or does not meet specific acceptance criteria. It may be possible to conduct this type of testing using modified procedures that provide a numerical response. These might include an incremental test where the drop height (or mass) is increased until a specific failure occurs or an up-and-down or staircase procedure used to find the average height to failure.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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