ASTM C1196-04
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for In Situ Compressive Stress Within Solid Unit Masonry Estimated Using Flatjack Measurements
Standard Test Method for In Situ Compressive Stress Within Solid Unit Masonry Estimated Using Flatjack Measurements
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Stress is applied as pressure over the area of the flatjack. In the case of multi-wythe masonry, stress is estimated only in the wythe in which the flatjack is inserted. Stress in other wythes may be different.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the average compressive stress in existing unreinforced solid-unit masonry. This test method concerns the measurement of in-situ compressive stress in existing masonry by use of thin, bladder-like flatjack devices that are installed in saw cut mortar joints in the masonry wall. This test method provides a relatively non-destructive means of determining masonry properties in place.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C 1196 – 04
Standard Test Method for
In Situ Compressive Stress Within Solid Unit Masonry
1
Estimated Using Flatjack Measurements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1196; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* pressure multiplied by factors which account for the physical
characteristics of the jack and the ratio of (a) the bearing area
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the
2
of the jack in contact with the masonry to (b) the bearing area
average compressive stress in existing unreinforced solid-unit
of the slot.
masonry.This test method concerns the measurement of in-situ
compressive stress in existing masonry by use of thin, bladder-
4. Significance and Use
like flatjack devices that are installed in saw cut mortar joints
4.1 Stress is applied as pressure over the area of the flatjack.
in the masonry wall. This test method provides a relatively
In the case of multi-wythe masonry, stress is estimated only in
non-destructive means of determining masonry properties in
the wythe in which the flatjack is inserted. Stress in other
place.
wythes may be different.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
5. Apparatus
information only.
5.1 Flatjack:
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.1.1 Aflatjackisathinenvelope-likebladderwithinletand
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
outlet ports which may be pressurized with hydraulic oil.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Flatjacks may be of any shape in plan, and are designed to be
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
compatible with the masonry being tested. Typically configu-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
rations are shown in Fig. 1.
2. Referenced Documents 5.1.2 For determination of the state of compressive stress,
3 dimension A should be equal to or greater than the length of a
2.1 ASTM Standards:
single masonry unit, but not less than 8 in. (200 mm).
E 74 Practice for Calibration of Force Measuring Instru-
Dimension B should be equal to or greater than the thickness
ments for Verifying the Load Indication of Testing Ma-
ofonewytheandnotlessthan3in.(75mm).Theradius, R,for
chines
circular and semi-rectangular flatjacks shall be equal to the
3. Summary of Test Method radius of the circular saw blade used to cut the slot.
5.1.3 Flatjacksshallbemadeofmetalorothermaterialsuch
3.1 When a slot is formed in the masonry, compressive
thattheflatjackinaslotinmasonrywillbecapableofapplying
stress at that point will cause the masonry above and below the
operating pressures up to the expected maximum flatjack
slot to move together. Compressive stress in the masonry may
4
pressure. Metal flatjacks suitable for this purpose shall be
be measured by inserting a flatjack into the slot and increasing
made of type 304 stainless steel sheet of 0.024 in. (0.6 mm) to
its internal pressure until the original distance between points
0.048 in. (1.2 mm) in thickness with welded seams along the
above and below the slot is restored. The state of compressive
edges and incorporating hydraulic inlet or outlet ports.
stress in the masonry is approximately equal to the flatjack
5.1.4 Calibrate all flatjacks as described in Section 7 to
determine their pressure-applied load characteristics.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on
5.2 Hydraulic System—An electrically or manually oper-
Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
ated hydraulic pump with hydraulic hoses is required. Hose
C15.04 on Research.
connections shall fit the flatjack inlet port. Measure pressure
Current edition approved January 1, 2004. Published February 2004. Originally
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as C 1196 - 03.
2
Solid-unit masonry is that built with stone, concrete, or clay units whose net
4
area is equal to or greater than 75 % of the gross area. Amaximum operating pressure of 1000 psi (6.9 MPa) or less is often adequate
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or for older existing masonry, but flatjacks with higher operating pressures may be
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM required for more recently constructed buildings. Flatjacks manufactured with
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on flexible polymers that have operating pressure ranges of less than 1000 psi (6.9
the ASTM
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.