ASTM C688-00(2005)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Functional Additions for Use in Hydraulic Cements
Standard Specification for Functional Additions for Use in Hydraulic Cements
ABSTRACT
This specification covers methods to investigate the effectiveness of a material to beneficially change the properties of hydraulic cements when the material is interground with the clinker during manufacture of the cement. Cement, mortar, and concrete shall be tested and the individual grades shall conform to specified values of autoclave expansion, drying shrinkage, normal consistency, standard consistency, setting time, compressive strength, false set, water content, flexural strength, bond to steel, volume change, resistance to freezing and thawing, and bleeding. Accelerating addition, retarding addition, set-control addition, water-reducing addition, water-reducing and accelerating addition are detailed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers methods to investigate the effectiveness of a material to beneficially change the properties of hydraulic cements when the material is interground with the clinker during manufacture of the cement.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 The effect of additions in cement may markedly change properties other than those they are intended to modify. This specification is designed to test for such changes. Table 1 sets forth values for those properties of cement pastes and mortars that would permit a judgment of the changes effected by an addition. Likewise, Table 2 sets forth similar criteria for concrete. Certain additions may be found effective for more than one purpose as indicated in 3.1.4 and 3.1.5.
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Designation: C 688 – 00 (Reapproved 2005)
Standard Specification for
Functional Additions for Use in Hydraulic Cements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 688; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C 219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic Cement
C 226 Specification forAir-EntrainingAdditions for Use in
1.1 This specification covers methods to investigate the
the Manufacture of Air-Entraining Hydraulic Cement
effectiveness of a material to beneficially change the properties
C 232 Test Method for Bleeding of Concrete
of hydraulic cements when the material is interground with the
C 234 Test Method for Comparing Concretes on the Basis
clinker during manufacture of the cement.
of the Bond Developed with Reinforcing Steel
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
C 266 Test Method for Time of Setting of Hydraulic-
standard.
Cement Paste by Gillmore Needles
1.3 The effect of additions in cement may markedly change
C 403/C 403M TestMethodforTimeofSettingofConcrete
properties other than those they are intended to modify. This
Mixtures by Penetration Resistance
specification is designed to test for such changes. Table 1 sets
C 451 Test Method for Early Stiffening of Hydraulic Ce-
forth values for those properties of cement pastes and mortars
ment (Paste Method)
that would permit a judgment of the changes effected by an
C 465 Specification for ProcessingAdditions for Use in the
addition. Likewise, Table 2 sets forth similar criteria for
Manufacture of Hydraulic Cements
concrete. Certain additions may be found effective for more
C 595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
than one purpose as indicated in 3.1.4 and 3.1.5.
C 596 Test Method for Drying Shrinkage of Mortar Con-
2. Referenced Documents
taining Hydraulic Cement
C 666 Test Method for Resistance of Concrete to Rapid
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Freezing and Thawing
C 39/C 39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cy-
C 845 Specification for Expansive Hydraulic Cement
lindrical Concrete Specimens
C 1157M Performance Specification for Blended Hydraulic
C78 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using
Cement
Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading)
C 109/C 109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of
3. Terminology
Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube
3.1 Definitions:
Specimens)
3.1.1 accelerating addition—a functional addition that ac-
C 143/C 143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic Ce-
celerates the setting or early strength, or both, of concrete and
ment Concrete
mortar.
C 150 Specification for Portland Cement
3.1.2 retarding addition—a functional addition that retards
C 151 Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of Hydraulic
the setting of concrete and mortar.
Cement
3.1.3 set-control addition—a functional addition composed
C 157/C 157M Test Method for Length Change of Hard-
essentially of calcium sulfate in any hydration state from
ened Hydraulic Cement, Mortar, and Concrete
CaSO to CaSO ·2H O.
4 4 2
C 187 Test Method for Normal Consistency of Hydraulic
3.1.4 water-reducing addition—a functional addition used
Cement
to reduce the quantity of mixing water required to produce
concrete and mortar of a given consistency.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on
3.1.5 water-reducing and accelerating addition—a func-
Cement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.20 on Additions.
tional addition that reduces the quantity of mixing water
Current edition approved July 1, 2005. Published August 2005. Originally
required to produce concrete of a given consistency and that
approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as C 688 – 00.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Withdrawn.
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C 688 – 00 (2005)
TABLE 1 Criteria for Evaluating Neat Cement and Mortar Containing Functional Cement Additions
Type of Addition
Tests
Water-Reducing Water-Reducing and
Water Reducing Retarding Accelerating Set-Control
and Retarding Accelerating
Normal consistency, deviation from control, −1.0 min +1.0 max +1.0 max −1.0 min −1.0 mm 61.0 max
A
percentage points
Standard consistency (flow) deviation from −4.0 min +2.0 max +2.0 max −4.0 min −4.0 min 62.0 max
A
control, percentage points
Setting time, (Gillmore) deviation from control,
h:min
Initial
B B
At least . 1:00 later 1:00 later .
Not more than 1:00 earlier 3:30 later 1:30 earlier 3:30 later 1:30 earlier 1:00 earlier
nor nor nor nor
1:30 later 1:30 later 1:30 later 1:30 later
C
Setting time, Vicat Initial
B
At least . 0:50 later . . .
B
Not more than 0:50 earlier 2:50 later 1:15 earlier 0:50 later 1:15 earlier 0:50 earlier
nor nor nor nor
1:15 later 1:15 later 2:50 later 1:15 later 1:15 later
Final
Not more than 1:00 earlier 3:30 later 1:00 earlier 3:30 later 1:00 earlier 1:00 earlier
nor nor nor nor
1:30 later 1:30 later 1:30 later 1:30 later
D
Compressive strength, min, percent of control:
E F
1 day in moist air 110 90 125 90 125
E
1 day in moist air, 2 days in water 110 90 125 100 125
1 day in moist air, 6 days in water 110 90 100 110 110
1 day in moist air, 27 days in water 110 95 95 110 110
Autoclave Expansion
max increase in % change in length compared 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
to control
Drying Shrinkage of Mortar
max % change in length compared to control 0.020 0.020 0.030 0.020 0.020 0.020
A
The minus sign indicates that the percentage of water required shall be less than that of the control cement by at least the indicated percentage points.
B
Or 50 % later, whichever is the lesser.
C
Either Vicat or the Gillmore time of setting method shall be used at the choice of the manufacturer.
D
The compressive strength of mortar containing the test cement shall be not less than 95 % of that attained at any previous test age. The objective of this limit is to
require that the strength of mortar containing the addition under test shall not decrease with age.
E
In cases where the accelerated set time only is required, the strength can be reduced to 100 % of the control.
F
The grand average of the 1, 3, 7, and 28-day strengths shall be not less than 95 % of the grand average for the corresponding control cement.
accelerates the setting or early strength development, or both, cation (C 150, C 595, C 845, and C 1157M) applicable to that
of concrete and mortar. type of cement. The method shall be adequate for the qualita-
3.1.6 water-reducing and retarding addition—a functional tive and quantitative determination of the addition in the
addition that reduces the quantity of mixing water required to
finishedcement,andshallbefullydescribedinthereportofthe
produce concrete and mortar of a given consistency and tests on the addition.”
simultaneously retards the setting of concrete and mortar.
5.2 Aggregates—The aggregates used in the evaluation of
the addition shall be in accordance with theAggregates portion
NOTE 1—This section is intended to provide a specification that may be
of the Materials section of Specification C 465, using propor-
applied to calcium sulfates as defined in Terminology C 219.
NOTE 2—It should be realized that some calcium sulfates, particularly
tions specified in Concrete Mixtures section of that specifica-
some byproduct calcium sulfates, have produced cements with undesired
tion.
set behavior after storage.
6. General Requirements General Requirements
4. Ordering Information
6.1 The cement, mortar, and concrete in which each of the
4.1 The purchaser shall specify the type of functional
additions is used shall conform to the respective requirements
addition desired.
prescribed inTable 1 andTable 2, except that if the test cement
5. Materials
fails to meet the requirements of Table 1, but possesses all the
requirements listed in Table 2, then the requirements of Table
5.1 Cements—The cements used in the evaluation of the
2 shall govern approval of the addition.
addition shall be as described in Section 4.1 of Specification
C 465 with the following exceptions: 6.2 The trade name, source, and character of the material
5.1.1 At least one of the Type I cements shall contain not shall be specified and the means for the quantitative determi-
less than 9 percent tricalcium aluminate (C A). nation of the proposed addition in the finished cement, shall be
5.1.2 Disregard the last sentence of Section 3.1.6 of Speci- furnished by the manufacturer or seller of the addition, and the
fication C 465 and substitute the following: “ Each control results of such pertinent quantitative analysis shall form a part
cement shall comply with all the requirements in the specifi- of the record of tests of the addition.
C 688 – 00 (2005)
A
TABLE 2 Criteria for Evaluating Concrete Containing Functional Cement Additions
Type of Addition
Tests
Water-Reducing Water-Reducing
Water Reducing Retarding Accelerating
and Retarding and Accelerating
Water content, max, percent of control 95 . . 95 95
Time of setting, (penetration) deviation from
control, h:min:
Initial
B B
At least . 1:00 later 1:00 later
Not more than 1:00 earlier 3:30 later 3:30 earlier 3:30 later 3:30 earlier
nor
Final 1:00 later
Not more than 1:00 earlier 3:30 later . 3:30 later .
nor
1:30 later
Compressive strength, min, percent of
C
control:
D E
1 day 110 85 125 100 125
E
3 days 110 85 125 100 125
7 days 110 90 100 110 110
28 days 110 90 95 110 110
3 months 100 90 95 100 100
1 year 100 90 95 100 100
Flexural strength, min, percent of
C
control:
D
1 day 100 85 110 90 110
3 days 100 85 110 100 110
7 days 100 90 100 100 100
28 days 100 90 90 100 100
3 months 100 90 90 100 100
1 year 100 90 90 100 100
Bond strength, percent of control:
28 days 100 90 100 100 100
Volume change, expressed as change in
length, max, increase over control,
percentage points:
28 days 0
...
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