ASTM C688-08
(Specification)Standard Specification for Functional Additions for Use in Hydraulic Cements
Standard Specification for Functional Additions for Use in Hydraulic Cements
ABSTRACT
This specification covers methods to investigate the effectiveness of a material to beneficially change the properties of hydraulic cements when the material is interground with the clinker during manufacture of the cement. Cement, mortar, and concrete shall be tested and the individual grades shall conform to specified values of autoclave expansion, drying shrinkage, normal consistency, standard consistency, setting time, compressive strength, false set, water content, flexural strength, bond to steel, volume change, resistance to freezing and thawing, and bleeding. Accelerating addition, retarding addition, set-control addition, water-reducing addition, water-reducing and accelerating addition are detailed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers methods to investigate the effectiveness of a material to beneficially change the properties of hydraulic cements when the material is incorporated during manufacture of the cement.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 The effect of additions in cement may markedly change properties other than those they are intended to modify. This specification is designed to test for such changes. Table 1 sets forth values for those properties of cement pastes and mortars that would permit a judgment of the changes effected by an addition. Likewise, Table 2 sets forth similar criteria for concrete. Certain additions may be found effective for more than one purpose as indicated in 3.1.4 and 3.1.5.
TABLE 1 Criteria for Evaluating Neat Cement and Mortar Containing Functional Cement Additions TestsType of Addition Water Reducing RetardingAcceleratingWater-Reducing
and RetardingWater-Reducing and
AcceleratingSet-Control Normal consistency, deviation from control,
percentage pointsA −1.0 min+1.0 max+1.0 max −1.0 min −1.0 mm±1.0 max Standard consistency (flow) deviation from
control, percentage pointsA −4.0 min+2.0 max+2.0 max −4.0 min −4.0 min±2.0 max Setting time, (Gillmore) deviation from control,
h:min Initial At least ...1:00 laterB 1:00 laterB ... Not more than 1:00 earlier3:30 later1:30 earlier 3:30 later 1:30 earlier1:00 earlier nor nor nor nor 1:30 later1:30 later 1:30 later1:30 later Setting time, Vicat InitialC At least ...0:50 laterB... ...... Not more than 0:50 earlier2:50 later1:15 earlier 0:50 laterB 1:15 earlier0:50 earlier nor nor nor nor 1:15 later1:15 later 2:50 later 1:15 later1:15 later Final Not more than 1:00 earlier3:30 later1:00 earlier 3:30 later 1:00 earlier1:00 earlier nor nor nor nor 1:30 later1:30 later 1:30 later1:30 later Compressive strength, min, percent of control:D 1 day in moist air 11090125E 90 125F 1 day in moist air, 2 days in water 11090125E 100 125 1 day in moist air, 6 days in water 11090100 110 110 1 day in moist air, 27 days in water 1109595 110 110 Autoclave Expansion
max increase in % change in length compared to control
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10 Drying Shrinkage of Mortar
max % change in length compared to control
0.020
0.020
0.030
0.020
0.020
0.020
A The minus sign indicates that the percentage of water required shall be less than that of the control cement by at least the indicated percentage points.
B Or 50 % later, whichever is the lesser.
C Either Vicat or the Gillmore time of setting method shall be used at the choice of the manufacturer.
D The compressive strength of mortar containing the test cement shall be not less than 95 % of that attained at any previous test age. The objective of this limit is to require that the strength of mortar containing the addition under test shall not decrease with age.
E In cases where the accelerated set time only is required, the strength can be reduced to 100 % of the control.
F The grand average of the 1, 3, 7, and 28-day strengths shall be not less than 95 % of the grand average for the corr...
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C688 −08
StandardSpecification for
1
Functional Additions for Use in Hydraulic Cements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C688; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* mal Consistency of Hydraulic Cement Paste
C219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic Cement
1.1 This specification covers methods to investigate the
C226 Specification for Air-Entraining Additions for Use in
effectiveness of a material to beneficially change the properties
the Manufacture of Air-Entraining Hydraulic Cement
of hydraulic cements when the material is incorporated during
C232 Test Methods for Bleeding of Concrete
manufacture of the cement.
C234 Test Method for Comparing Concretes on the Basis of
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
theBondDevelopedwithReinforcingSteel(Discontinued
3
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
2000) (Withdrawn 2000)
standard.
C266 Test Method for Time of Setting of Hydraulic-Cement
Paste by Gillmore Needles
1.3 The effect of additions in cement may markedly change
properties other than those they are intended to modify. This C403/C403M Test Method for Time of Setting of Concrete
Mixtures by Penetration Resistance
specification is designed to test for such changes. Table 1 sets
forth values for those properties of cement pastes and mortars C451 Test Method for Early Stiffening of Hydraulic Cement
(Paste Method)
that would permit a judgment of the changes effected by an
addition. Likewise, Table 2 sets forth similar criteria for C465 Specification for Processing Additions for Use in the
Manufacture of Hydraulic Cements
concrete. Certain additions may be found effective for more
than one purpose as indicated in 3.1.4 and 3.1.5. C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
C596 Test Method for Drying Shrinkage of Mortar Contain-
2. Referenced Documents
ing Hydraulic Cement
2
C666/C666M Test Method for Resistance of Concrete to
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Rapid Freezing and Thawing
C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylin-
C845 Specification for Expansive Hydraulic Cement
drical Concrete Specimens
C1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement
C78 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using
Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading)
3. Terminology
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of
3.1 Definitions:
Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube
3.1.1 accelerating addition—a functional addition that ac-
Specimens)
celerates the setting or early strength, or both, of concrete and
C143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement
mortar.
Concrete
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
3.1.2 retarding addition—a functional addition that retards
C151 Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of Hydraulic
the setting of concrete and mortar.
Cement
3.1.3 set-control addition—a functional addition composed
C157/C157M Test Method for Length Change of Hardened
essentially of calcium sulfate in any hydration state from
Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete
CaSO to CaSO ·2H O.
4 4 2
C187 Test Method for Amount of Water Required for Nor-
3.1.4 water-reducing addition—a functional addition used
to reduce the quantity of mixing water required to produce
1 concrete and mortar of a given consistency.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on
Cement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.20 on Additions.
3.1.5 water-reducing and accelerating addition—a func-
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008. Published January 2009. Originally
tional addition that reduces the quantity of mixing water
approvedin1971.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2005asC688 – 00(2005).DOI:
required to produce concrete of a given consistency and that
10.1520/C0688-08.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C688−08
TABLE 1 Criteria for Evaluating Neat Cement and Mortar Containing Functional Cement Additions
Type of Addition
Tests
Water-Reducing Water-Reducing and
Water Reducing Retarding Accelerating Set-Control
and Retarding Accelerating
Normal consistency, deviation from c
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C688–00 (Reapproved 2005) Designation: C 688 – 08
Standard Specification for
1
Functional Additions for Use in Hydraulic Cements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 688; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1This specification covers methods to investigate the effectiveness of a material to beneficially change the properties of
hydraulic cements when the material is interground with the clinker during manufacture of the cement.
1.2The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. *
1.1 This specification covers methods to investigate the effectiveness of a material to beneficially change the properties of
hydraulic cements when the material is incorporated during manufacture of the cement.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 The effect of additions in cement may markedly change properties other than those they are intended to modify. This
specification is designed to test for such changes. Table 1 sets forth values for those properties of cement pastes and mortars that
would permit a judgment of the changes effected by an addition. Likewise, Table 2 sets forth similar criteria for concrete. Certain
additions may be found effective for more than one purpose as indicated in 3.1.4 and 3.1.5.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 39/C 39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
C78 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading)
C 109/C 109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens)
C 143/C 143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement Concrete
C 150 Specification for Portland Cement
C 151 Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of Hydraulic Cement
C 157/C 157M Test Method for Length Change of Hardened Hydraulic-Cement, Mortar, and Concrete
C 187 Test Method for Normal Consistency of Hydraulic Cement
C 219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic Cement
C 226 Specification for Air-Entraining Additions for Use in the Manufacture of Air-Entraining Hydraulic Cement
C 232 Test Methods for Bleeding of Concrete
C 234 Test Method for Comparing Concretes on the Basis of the Bond Developed with Reinforcing Steel (Discontinued 2000)
C 266 Test Method for Time of Setting of Hydraulic-Cement Paste by Gillmore Needles
C 403/C 403M Test Method for Time of Setting of Concrete Mixtures by Penetration Resistance
C 451 Test Method for Early Stiffening of Hydraulic Cement (Paste Method)
C 465 Specification for Processing Additions for Use in the Manufacture of Hydraulic Cements
C 595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
C 596 Test Method for Drying Shrinkage of Mortar Containing Hydraulic Cement
C666 666/C 666M Test Method for Resistance of Concrete to Rapid Freezing and Thawing
C 845 Specification for Expansive Hydraulic Cement
C1157M 1157 Performance Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cement
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 accelerating addition—a functional addition that accelerates the setting or early strength, or both, of concrete and mortar.
3.1.2 retarding addition—a functional addition that retards the setting of concrete and mortar.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on Cement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.20 on Additions.
Current edition approved JulyDec. 1, 2005.2008. Published August 2005.January 2009. Originally approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 20002005 as
C 688 – 00(2005).
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*ASummary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C688–08
TABLE 1 Criteria for Evaluating Neat Cement and Mortar Containing Functional Cement Additions
Type of Addition
Tests
Water-Reducing Water-Reducing and
Water Reducing Retarding Accelerating Set-Control
and Retard
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C688–00 (Reapproved 2005) Designation: C 688 – 08
Standard Specification for
1
Functional Additions for Use in Hydraulic Cements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 688; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1This specification covers methods to investigate the effectiveness of a material to beneficially change the properties of
hydraulic cements when the material is interground with the clinker during manufacture of the cement.
1.2The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. *
1.1 This specification covers methods to investigate the effectiveness of a material to beneficially change the properties of
hydraulic cements when the material is incorporated during manufacture of the cement.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 The effect of additions in cement may markedly change properties other than those they are intended to modify. This
specification is designed to test for such changes. Table 1 sets forth values for those properties of cement pastes and mortars that
would permit a judgment of the changes effected by an addition. Likewise, Table 2 sets forth similar criteria for concrete. Certain
additions may be found effective for more than one purpose as indicated in 3.1.4 and 3.1.5.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 39/C 39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
C78 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading)
C 109/C 109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens)
C 143/C 143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement Concrete
C 150 Specification for Portland Cement
C 151 Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of Hydraulic Cement
C 157/C 157M Test Method for Length Change of Hardened Hydraulic-Cement, Mortar, and Concrete
C 187 Test Method for Normal Consistency of Hydraulic Cement
C 219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic Cement
C 226 Specification for Air-Entraining Additions for Use in the Manufacture of Air-Entraining Hydraulic Cement
C 232 Test Methods for Bleeding of Concrete
C 234 Test Method for Comparing Concretes on the Basis of the Bond Developed with Reinforcing Steel (Discontinued 2000)
C 266 Test Method for Time of Setting of Hydraulic-Cement Paste by Gillmore Needles
C 403/C 403M Test Method for Time of Setting of Concrete Mixtures by Penetration Resistance
C 451 Test Method for Early Stiffening of Hydraulic Cement (Paste Method)
C 465 Specification for Processing Additions for Use in the Manufacture of Hydraulic Cements
C 595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
C 596 Test Method for Drying Shrinkage of Mortar Containing Hydraulic Cement
C666 666/C 666M Test Method for Resistance of Concrete to Rapid Freezing and Thawing
C 845 Specification for Expansive Hydraulic Cement
C1157M 1157 Performance Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cement
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 accelerating addition—a functional addition that accelerates the setting or early strength, or both, of concrete and mortar.
3.1.2 retarding addition—a functional addition that retards the setting of concrete and mortar.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on Cement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.20 on Additions.
Current edition approved JulyDec. 1, 2005.2008. Published August 2005.January 2009. Originally approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 20002005 as
C 688 – 00(2005).
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*ASummary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C688–08
TABLE 1 Criteria for Evaluating Neat Cement and Mortar Containing Functional Cement Additions
Type of Addition
Tests
Water-Reducing Water-Reducing and
Water Reducing Retarding Accelerating Set-Control
and Retard
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.