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ASTM D5094-04

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Gross Leakage of Liquids from Containers with Threaded or Lug-Style Closures

Standard Test Methods for Gross Leakage of Liquids from Containers with Threaded or Lug-Style Closures

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These test methods are used to indicate the integrity of the container and closure system in the distribution environment.
These test methods measure the ability of the container and closure system to prevent leakage when stored or transported upright, inverted, or on the side.
These test methods allow for comparison of container/closure designs of threaded and lug-style closures of similar or different materials, or different manufacturers. These tests are suitable for packaging development, engineering and tooling evaluations.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of gross leaks in rigid and semi-rigid containers (up to 4 L (1.06 gal)) with threaded or lug-style closures. Such tests may be used to indicate the ability of a liquid container to survive the distribution environment without leaking. These test methods may not be suitable to determine the leak resistance of containers intended for transport of hazardous materials.
1.2 Test Methods:
1.2.1 Test Method A, Shipping Container Vibration and Storage Test, covers the ability of a shipping container and its interior packaging to protect the contents from leakage after transportation induced vibration and high-temperature storage.
1.2.2 Test Method B, Shipping Container Vibration and Vacuum Chamber Test, is suitable for individual containers and is usually less severe than Test Method A. The advantage of Test Method B is the shortness of the test.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety conserns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Mar-2004
ICS
55.180.10 - General purpose containers
Technical Committee
D10 - Packaging
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5094-90(2003) - Standard Test Methods for Gross Leakage of Liquids from Containers with Threaded or Lug-Style Closures
Effective Date
01-Apr-2004
Replaced By
ASTM D5094/D5094M-09 - Standard Test Methods for Gross Leakage of Liquids from Containers with Threaded or Lug-Style Closures
Effective Date
01-Oct-2009
Referred By
ASTM D6653/D6653M-13(2021) - Standard Test Methods for Determining the Effects of High Altitude on Packaging Systems by Vacuum Method
Effective Date
01-Apr-2004

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ASTM D5094-04 - Standard Test Methods for Gross Leakage of Liquids from Containers with Threaded or Lug-Style ClosuresASTM D5094-04 - Standard Test Methods for Gross Leakage of Liquids from Containers with Threaded or Lug-Style Closures
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ASTM D5094-04 - Standard Test Methods for Gross Leakage of Liquids from Containers with Threaded or Lug-Style Closures
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D5094–04
Standard Test Methods for
Gross Leakage of Liquids from Containers with Threaded or
1
Lug-Style Closures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5094; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 3474 Practice for the Calibration and Use of Torque
Meters Used in Packaging Applications
1.1 These test methods may demonstrate container/closure
D 4169 Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Con-
integrity with threaded or lug-style closures by the determina-
tainers and Systems
tion of gross leaks in rigid and semi-rigid containers (up to 4 L
D 4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or
(1.06 g). Such tests may be used to indicate the ability of a
Packaging Components for Testing
liquid container to survive the distribution environment with-
out leaking. These test methods may not be suitable to
3. Terminology
determine the leak resistance of containers intended for trans-
3.1 General definitions for packaging are found in Termi-
port of hazardous materials.
nology D 996.
1.2 Test Methods:
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.2.1 Test Method A, Shipping Container Vibration and
3.2.1 gross leak—any opening in the container or closure
Storage Test, covers the ability of a shipping container and its
sealthatproducesvisibleleakagesuchthatthecontainerwould
interior packaging to protect the contents from leakage after
not be suitable for transport or subsequent distribution.
transportation induced vibration and high-temperature storage.
3.2.2 leak—any opening in a container which, contrary to
1.2.2 Test Method B, Shipping Container Vibration and
intention, either lets contents escape or permits substances to
Vacuum Chamber Test, is suitable for individual containers and
enter.
is usually less severe than Test Method A. The advantage of
3.2.3 leakage—that which passes through a leak.
Test Method B is the shortness of the test.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety
4. Summary of Test Methods
conserns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the
4.1 Method A, Shipping Container Vibration and Storage
user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
Test—Test specimens are filled to their expected fill capacity
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
with product or liquid simulating product and the closure is
tions prior to use.
applied to the container. Closures should be applied with the
same torque as would be encountered in production. The
2. Referenced Documents
2 specimens are packed into shipping containers and vibrated.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
The specimens, stored on their sides, are subjected to 40°C
D 996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
(104°F) (or other conditions as appropriate) for four weeks.
ments
Each specimen is examined for leakage.
D 999 Test Methods for Vibration Testing of Shipping
4.2 Method B, Container Vibration and Vacuum Chamber
Containers
Test—Test specimens are partially filled with product or liquid
D 3198 Test Method for Application and Removal Torque
simulating product and the closure is applied to the container.
of Threaded or Lug-Style Closures
Closures should be applied with the same torque as would be
encountered in production. The specimens are packed into
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on
shipping containers and vibrated. Following vibration, the
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.32 on Consumer
individual specimens are removed from the shipping container
Packages.
and subjected to 10 in. Hg (33.7 kPa) vacuum for 10 min and
Current edition approved April 1, 2004. Published May 2004. Originally
approved in 1990. Last previous edition aprpoved in 1990 as D 5094–90(2003).
examined for leakage.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
NOTE 1—Other levels of vacuum, or time, or both may be appropriate.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5094–04
5. Significance and Use 8.3 Colorant should be added to the contents when neces-
sary to give permanent indication where there is leakage.
5.1 These test methods are used to indicate the integrity of
the container and closure system in the distribution environ-
9. Calibration
...

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