ASTM D5094-90(2003)

Standard Test Methods for Gross Leakage of Liquids from Containers with Threaded or Lug-Style Closures

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of gross leaks in rigid and semi-rigid containers (up to 4 L (1.06 gal)) with threaded or lug-style closures. Such tests may be used to indicate the ability of a liquid container to survive the distribution environment without leaking. These test methods may not be suitable to determine the leak resistance of containers intended for transport of hazardous materials.
1.2 Test Methods:
1.2.1 Test Method A, Shipping Container Vibration and Storage Test, covers the ability of a shipping container and its interior packaging to protect the contents from leakage after transportation induced vibration and high-temperature storage.
1.2.2 Test Method B, Shipping Container Vibration and Vacuum Chamber Test, is suitable for individual containers and is usually less severe than Test Method A. The advantage of Test Method B is the shortness of the test.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety conserns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 28-Jun-1990
• ICS: 55.180.10 - General purpose containers
• Technical Committee: D10 - Packaging

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D5094-90(1997) - Standard Test Methods for Gross Leakage of Liquids from Containers with Threaded or Lug-Style Closures
• Effective Date: 29-Jun-1990
• Replaced By: ASTM D5094-04 - Standard Test Methods for Gross Leakage of Liquids from Containers with Threaded or Lug-Style Closures
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D6653/D6653M-13(2021) - Standard Test Methods for Determining the Effects of High Altitude on Packaging Systems by Vacuum Method
• Effective Date: 29-Jun-1990

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 5094 – 90 (Reapproved 2003)
Standard Test Methods for
Gross Leakage of Liquids from Containers with Threaded or
Lug-Style Closures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5094; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 4169 Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Con-
tainers and Systems
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of gross
D 4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or
leaks in rigid and semi-rigid containers (up to 4 L (1.06 gal))
Packaging Components for Testing
with threaded or lug-style closures. Such tests may be used to
indicate the ability of a liquid container to survive the
3. Terminology
distribution environment without leaking. These test methods
3.1 General definitions for packaging are found in Termi-
may not be suitable to determine the leak resistance of
nology D 996.
containers intended for transport of hazardous materials.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.2 Test Methods:
3.2.1 gross leak—any opening in the container or closure
1.2.1 Test Method A, Shipping Container Vibration and
seal that produces visible leakage such that the container would
Storage Test, covers the ability of a shipping container and its
not be suitable for transport or subsequent distribution.
interior packaging to protect the contents from leakage after
3.2.2 leak—any opening in a container which, contrary to
transportation induced vibration and high-temperature storage.
intention, either lets contents escape or permits substances to
1.2.2 Test Method B, Shipping Container Vibration and
enter.
Vacuum Chamber Test, is suitable for individual containers and
3.2.3 leakage—that which passes through a leak.
is usually less severe than Test Method A. The advantage of
Test Method B is the shortness of the test.
4. Summary of Test Methods
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety
4.1 Method A, Shipping Container Vibration and Storage
conserns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the
Test—Test specimens are filled to their expected fill capacity
user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
with product or liquid simulating product and the closure is
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
applied to the container. Closures should be applied with the
tions prior to use.
same torque as would be encountered in production. The
2. Referenced Documents specimens are packed into shipping containers and vibrated.
2 The specimens, stored on their sides, are subjected to 40°C
2.1 ASTM Standards:
(104°F) (or other conditions as appropriate) for four weeks.
D 996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
Each specimen is examined for leakage.
ments
4.2 Method B, Container Vibration and Vacuum Chamber
D 999 Test Methods for Vibration Testing of Shipping
Test—Test specimens are partially filled with product or liquid
Containers
simulating product and the closure is applied to the container.
D 3198 Test Method for Application and Removal Torque
Closures should be applied with the same torque as would be
of Threaded or Lug-Style Closures
encountered in production. The specimens are packed into
D 3474 Practice for the Calibration and Use of Torque
shipping containers and vibrated. Following vibration, the
Meters Used in Packaging Applications
individual specimens are removed from the shipping container
and subjected to 10 in. Hg (33.7 kPa) vacuum for 10 min and
examined for leakage.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on
NOTE 1—Other levels of vacuum, or time, or both may be appropriate.
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.32 on Consumer
Packages.
5. Significance and Use
Current edition approved June 29, 1990. Published August 1990.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.1 These test methods are used to indicate the integrity of
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
the container and closure system in the distribution environ-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. ment.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 5094 – 90 (2003)
5.2 These test methods measure the ability of the container 9. Calibration
and closure system to prevent leakage when stored or trans-
9.1 Calibrate the torque meter in accordance with Practice
ported upright, inverted, or on the side.
D 3474.
5.3 These test methods allow for comparison of container/
closure designs of threaded and lug-style closures of similar or
10. Conditioning
different materials, or different manufacturers. These tests are
10.1 Store the shipping container components at ambient
suitable for packaging development, engineering and tooling
laboratory conditions for at least 4 h before testing, or other
evaluations.
conditions in accordance with Practice D 4332.
10.2 Store the torqued container/closure test specimens
6. Apparatus
upright at least 24 h at ambient conditions before commencing
6.1 Method A, Shipping Container Vibration and Storage
the test.
Test:
6.1.1 Drying Oven, constant-temperature, equipped with
11. Procedure
means for ensuring adequate temperature control, 40 6 1°C
11.1 Apply closures to the containers according to the
(104 6 1.8°F) and air circulation, ambient humidity, or other
Application Torque Measurement section of the procedure in
conditions as appropriate.
Test Method D 3198.
6.1.2 Torque Meter, with an appropriate scale which accu-
11.2 Test Method A, Shipping Container Vibration and
rately measures within the expected torque range.
Storage Test:
6.1.3 Vibration Test Machine, the apparatus described in the
11.2.1 Place the filled specimens in their shipping container
Apparatus section of Methods D 999 may be used.
or in an appropriate carton so that they will remain firmly in
6.2 Method B, Shipping Container Vibration and Vacuum
place during vibration.
Test:
11.2.2 Proceed as directed according to Methods D 999
6.2.1 Vacuum Chamber, any suitable chamber capable of
(Method A 1 or A 2) 20 min each on bottom, top, and one side,
withstanding approximately one atmosphere pressure differen-
or run an entire shipping cycle in accordance with Practice
tial, fitted with a vacuum-tight seal. A vacuum gauge, an inlet
D 4169.
tube from a source of vacuum, and an outlet tube to the
11.2.3 Remove the sp
...