ASTM D4998-95(2003)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Evaluating Wear Characteristics of Tractor Hydraulic Fluids
Standard Test Method for Evaluating Wear Characteristics of Tractor Hydraulic Fluids
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Many modern tractor designs use the hydraulic fluid to lubricate the transmission and final drive gears. This test method is used to assess the suitability of the tractor hydraulic fluids as lubricants for transmission and final drive gears of tractors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used to screen lubricants for gear wear. It is primarily applicable to tractor hydraulic fluids but may be suitable for other applications.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning information is given in Sections 7 and 9.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´1
Designation: D4998 – 95 (Reapproved 2003)
Standard Test Method for
Evaluating Wear Characteristics of Tractor Hydraulic Fluids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4998; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
´ NOTE—Warning notes were editorially moved into the standard text in July 2003.
1. Scope Table for Vickers Hardness, Brinell Hardness, Rockwell
Hardness and Tensile Strength
1.1 This test method is used to screen lubricants for gear
DIN Standard51354, Mechanical Testing of Gear Oils in
wear. It is primarily applicable to tractor hydraulic fluids but
the FZG Gear Test Machine
may be suitable for other applications.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3. Terminology
standard.
3.1 Definitions:
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.1 abrasion—wear by displacement of material caused
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
by hard particles or hard protuberances.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.2 scoring—the formation of severe scratches in the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
direction of sliding.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Scoring may be due to local solid
information is given in Sections 7 and 9.
phase welding or to abrasion. The term scuffıng is sometimes
2. Referenced Documents used as a synonym for scoring.
3.1.3 scratching—theformationoffinelinesinthedirection
2.1 ASTM Standards:
of sliding that may be due to asperities on the harder slider or
D216 Method of Test for Distillation of Natural Gasoline
to hard particles between the surface or embedded in one of
D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)
them.
(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
3.1.3.1 Discussion—Scratchingisconsideredlessdamaging
D323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
than scoring or scuffing.
ucts (Reid Method)
3.1.4 scuffıng—localized damage caused by the occurrence
D329 Specification for Acetone
4 of solid phase welding between sliding surfaces, without local
2.2 Deutsches Institut fur Normung (DIN):
surface melting.
DIN 17210 Part 1: Tolerances for Spur Gears; Tolerances
3.1.4.1 Discussion—The term scoring is sometimes used as
for the Deviation of Singly Determined Values
a synonym for scuffing.
DIN 3962 Casehardened Steel; Material Specifications
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
DIN 50150 Testing of Steel and Cast Steel Conversion
3.2.1 wear—thelossofmaterialfromcontactingsurfacesof
the gear teeth.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
PetroleumProductsandLubricantsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommittee
4. Summary of Test Method
D02.B0.03 on Automotive Gear Lubricants and Fluids.
4.1 AmodifiedFZGgearoiltestmachineisoperatedfor20
Current edition approved May 10, 2003. Published July 2003. Originally
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 1995 as D4998–95. DOI:
h under controlled conditions of speed (100 r/min), load (tenth
10.1520/D4998-95R03E01.
stage), and temperature (121°C).Test gears are lubricated with
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
the test oil.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4.2 Thetestgearsareweighedandvisuallyexaminedbefore
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
and after the test. The gear weight loss and the visually
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
observeddamagetothegearteethareusedtoevaluatethewear
on www.astm.org.
obtained with the test fluid.
DINStandardsareavailablefromtheAmericanNationalStandardsInstitute,25
West 43rd Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
´1
D4998 – 95 (2003)
5. Significance and Use 9. Procedure
5.1 Many modern tractor designs use the hydraulic fluid to 9.1 FZG Test Machine Assembly —Assemble the test ma-
lubricate the transmission and final drive gears. This test chine according to the instructions given in Section 3, except
method is used to assess the suitability of the tractor hydraulic employ a modified, low speed drive motor as described in
fluids as lubricants for transmission and final drive gears of Annex A1.
tractors.
NOTE 1—In addition to other precautions, machinery guards are sup-
plied with the FZG test machine to protect personnel from hazards
6. Apparatus
associated with rotating machinery. These should be properly installed
6.1 FZG Gear Oil Test Machine—The test machine is
before operating the equipment.
NOTE 2—Inadditiontootherprecautions,theelectricalconnectionsfor
described in Annex A1 and illustrated in Fig. A2.1 and Fig.
the drive motor and heater should be installed in accordance with the
A3.1.
current edition of the National Electrical Code.
6.2 Precision Test Gears—The test gears are standard FZG
tooth profileAgears as described inAnnexA1 andTableA1.1 9.2 Machine Cleaning—Flush the test gear case and asso-
ciated parts with mineral spirits solvent. (Warning—
6.3 Gear Case Heater—A 750-W gear case heater capable
Combustible. Vapor harmful. Keep away from heat, sparks,
of bringing the oil to test temperature in 20 to 25 min.
and open flame. Keep container closed. Use with adequate
6.4 Temperature Controller—A proportional band-type
ventilation.Avoid prolonged breathing of vapor or spray mist.
1000-W temperature controller for maintaining the oil tem-
Avoid prolonged or repeated skin contact.) Fill the gear case
perature within 1°C of the desired test temperature. The
with mineral spirits solvent to a level that is above the shaft
thermocoupleissecurelyattachedtotheinsiderightwallofthe
center line. Manually rotate the shafts so that the bearings are
gear case, 28 mm from the rear wall and 60 mm from the
rinsed. Drain mineral spirits solvent from the gear case. Refill
bottom, projecting 15 mm into the gear case.
6.5 Analytical Balance—An analytical balance with 2 kg gear case with fresh mineral spirits solvent, manually rotate
shafts, and drain. Dry gear case with compressed air.
capacity and accurate within 1 mg for weighing test gears.
6.6 Magnifying Lens, of 3 to 6 power. 9.3 Gear Condition—Examine the gear tooth faces with a
magnifying lens of 3 to 6 power. Do not use gears with
6.7 Compressed Air—551 kPa minimum.
6.8 Steam Hot Plate, or bearing heater, with surface tem- imperfections on the tooth faces.
9.4 Gear Cleaning—Wash the test gears in mineral spirits
peratures below 75°C.
solvent, then acetone, and finally in pentane. (Warning—
7. Reagents and Materials
(acetone, pentane) Flammable. Health hazard. In addition to
other precautions, acetone, and pentane. Vapors may cause
7.1 Mineral Spirits Solvent—Commercial grade, conform-
flash fire. Keep away from heat, sparks, and open flame. Keep
ing to the requirements of Specification D235.(Warning—
container closed. Use with adequate ventilation.Avoid buildup
Combustible. Vapor harmful. Keep away from heat, sparks,
of vapors. Eliminate all sources of ignition, especially, non-
and open flame. Keep container closed. Use with adequate
explosion-proof electrical devices and heaters. Avoid pro-
ventilation.Avoid prolonged breathing of vapor or spray mist.
longed breathing of vapor or spray mist. Avoid prolonged or
Avoid prolonged or repeated skin contact.)
repeated skin contact.) After cleaning, handle the gears only
7.2 Acetone—Commercial grade, conforming to the re-
with clean tongs or with clean gloves. Allow the gears to dry.
quirements of Specification D329.(Warning—Combustible.
To prevent water condensation following gear cleaning, care-
Vapor harmful. Keep away from heat, sparks, and open flame.
fully warm the gears to room temperature with a clean, steam
Keep container closed. Use with adequate ventilation. Avoid
hot plate or bearing heater with surface temperature below
prolongedbreathingofvapororspraymist.Avoidprolongedor
75°C.
repeated skin contact.)
9.5 Gear Weighing—Weigh the individual gears using an
7.3 Pentane—Commercial grade n-pentane, conforming to
analyticalbalance.Thegearsmustbeclean,dry,andatambient
the requirements of Table A5.1.(Warning—Combustible.
temperature. Record the weight of each gear, rounding to the
Vapor harmful. Keep away from heat, sparks, and open flame.
nearest milligram.Add the weight of each gear and record the
Keep container closed. Use with adequate ventilation. Avoid
sum as initial total gear weight (TW).
prolongedbreathingofvapororspraymist.Avoidprolongedor
i
9.6 Gear Installation—Install the test gears according to
repeated skin contact.)
4.1.
8. Preparation of Apparatus
9.7 Test Procedure—Fill the gear case with test fluid until
level with the shaft centerline. Install all machine guards in
8.1 AssembletheFZGmachineaccordingtothe“Operating
their proper operating positions. Set the temperature controller
Instructions for the FZG Gear Oil Test Rig” except that the
drive motor and gearing must be modified to provide an input
shaft speed of 100 6 3 r/min. Use the S23 torsional shaft in
The FZG testing machine gears, or suitable balance may be ordered from the
assembling.Caremust
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.