ASTM A413/A413M-07
(Specification)Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Chain
Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Chain
ABSTRACT
This specification covers carbon steel chain for such applications as railroad cars, construction, industrial uses, load binding, and general purposes other than overhead fitting. The three classes of carbon steel chains covered here include Grade 30 (proof coil chain), Grade 43 (high test chain), and Grade 70 (transport chain). The dimensional requirements of the chain with respect to the appropriate grade and size are presented. The mechanical testing requirements for the steel includes, proof testing, breaking force testing, and elongation testing. One test for breaking strength and elongation shall be made from each lot. The elongation and breaking force tests may be performed at the same time on the same test specimen.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers carbon steel chain for such applications as railroad cars, construction, industrial uses, load binding, and general purposes other than overhead lifting.
Note 1—This specification does not cover carbon steel chain for sprocket applications.
1.2 Three classes of carbon steel chain are covered:
1.2.1 Grade 30—Proof coil chain.
1.2.2 Grade 43—High test chain.
1.2.3 Grade 70—Transport chain.
1.3 The Grade designation is 1/10 of the minimum breaking strength in newtons divided by two times the nominal cross-sectional area of the chain in square millimetres.
1.4 The values stated in either acceptable metric units or in other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.
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Designation:A413/A413M −07
StandardSpecification for
1
Carbon Steel Chain
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA413/A413M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* been found by testing to break when a constantly increasing
force is applied in direct tension.
1.1 This specification covers carbon steel chain for such
3.1.1.1 Discussion—This test is a manufacturer’s attribute
applications as railroad cars, construction, industrial uses, load
acceptance test and shall not be used as criteria for service.
binding, and general purposes other than overhead lifting.
3.1.2 lot, n—forthepurposeofacceptancetesting,alotshall
NOTE 1—This specification does not cover carbon steel chain for
consist of 3000 ft [1000 m], or fraction thereof, of the same
sprocket applications.
grade and size chain. If a continuous length of chain exceeds
1.2 Three classes of carbon steel chain are covered:
3000 ft [1000 m], it shall also be considered a lot.
1.2.1 Grade 30—Proof coil chain.
3.1.3 proof test, n—quality control tensile test applied to
1.2.2 Grade 43—High test chain.
1.2.3 Grade 70—Transport chain. chain for the purpose of verifying weld and material quality.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—It is the minimum force in pounds or
1
1.3 The Grade designation is ⁄10 of the minimum breaking
newtons which the chain has withstood at the time it left the
strength in newtons divided by two times the nominal cross-
producer, under a test in which a constantly increasing force
sectional area of the chain in square millimetres.
has been applied in direct tension to a straight length of chain.
1.4 The values stated in either acceptable metric units or in
Proof test loads are a manufacturing integrity test and shall not
otherunitsshallberegardedseparatelyasstandard.Thevalues
be used as criteria for service or design purposes.
stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore,
3.1.4 working load limit (WLL), n—maximum combined
each system must be used independently of the other, without
static and dynamic load in pounds or kilograms that shall be
combining values in any way.
applied in direct tension to an undamaged straight length of
chain.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4. Ordering Information
A29/A29MSpecification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy,
Hot-Wrought, General Requirements for
4.1 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to specify
A751Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-
all requirements that are necessary for material ordered under
cal Analysis of Steel Products
this specification. Such requirements may include, but are not
A941TerminologyRelatingtoSteel,StainlessSteel,Related
limited to, the following:
Alloys, and Ferroalloys
4.1.1 Product to conform to Specification A413 or A413M
and date of issue,
3. Terminology
4.1.2 Grade of chain,
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
4.1.3 Nominal size of chain (in. or mm),
3.1.1 breaking force, minimum, n—minimum force in
4.1.4 Quantity of chain (ft or m),
poundsornewtonsatwhichthechain,duringmanufacture,has
4.1.5 Length of each piece, if required,
4.1.6 Finish, if required,
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
4.1.7 Certification of test(s), if required, and
Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.27 on Steel Chain. 4.1.8 Acceptance of inspection by purchaser, if required.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published November 2007. Originally
approved in 1957. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as A413/A413M–01.
5. Material Requirements
DOI: 10.1520/A0413_A0413M-07.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.1 Heat Analysis—The selection of the steel is left to the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
judgment of the individual chain manufacturer provided the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. steel meets the following criteria:
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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A413/A413M−07
loss of chain integrity. Links or chain segments that do not
Carbon, max, % 0.370
Phosphorus, max, % 0.048
withstand the proof test load shall be removed from the chain.
Sulfur, max, % 0.058
9.2 Breaking Force—Thebreakingforcetest
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:A413/A413M–01 Designation: A 413/A 413M – 07
Standard Specification for
1
Carbon Steel Chain
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationA413/A413M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 Thisspecificationcoverscarbonsteelchainforsuchapplicationsasrailroadcars,construction,industrialuses,loadbinding,
and general purposes other than overhead lifting.
NOTE 1—This specification does not cover carbon steel chain for sprocket applications.
1.2 Three classes of carbon steel chain are covered:
1.2.1 Grade 30—Proof coil chain.
1.2.2 Grade 43—High test chain.
1.2.3 Grade 70—Transport chain.
1.3Thevaluesstatedineitheracceptablemetricunitsorinotherunitsshallberegardedseparatelyasstandard.Thevaluesstated
in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without combining
values in any way.
1
1.3 TheGradedesignationis ⁄10oftheminimumbreakingstrengthinnewtonsdividedbytwotimesthenominalcross-sectional
area of the chain in square millimetres.
1.4 Thevaluesstatedineitheracceptablemetricunitsorinotherunitsshallberegardedseparatelyasstandard.Thevaluesstated
in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without combining
values in any way.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A29/A29M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought and Cold-Finished, General Requirements for
Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought, General Requirements for
A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
E30Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Steel, Cast Iron, Open-Hearth Iron and Wrought Iron
E44Definitions of Terms Relating to Heat Treatment of Metals
E350Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Carbon Steel, Low-Alloy Steel, Silicon Electrical Steel, Ingot Iron and Wrought
Iron
E415Test Method for Optical Emission Vacuum Spectrometric Analysis of Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel A941 Terminology
Relating to Steel,
Stainless Steel,
Related Alloys,
and Ferroalloys
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 breaking force, minimum, n—the minimum —minimum force in pounds or newtons at which the chain, during
manufacture, has been found by testing to break when a constantly increasing force is applied in direct tension.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—This test is a manufacturer’s attribute acceptance test and shall not be used as criteria for service.
3.1.2 lotlot, n—for the purpose of acceptance testing, a lot shall consist of 3000 ft [1000 m], or fraction thereof, of the same
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM CommitteeA01 on Steel, Stainless Steel,Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.27 on Steel Chain.
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 2001.Nov. 1, 2007. Published November 2001.2007. Originally published as A413–57T.approved in 1957. Last previous edition
approved in 2001 as A413/A413M–001.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 01.05.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A 413/A 413M – 07
grade and size chain. If a continuous length of chain exceeds 3000 ft [1000 m], it shall also be considered a lot.
3.1.3 proof test, n—a quality —quality control tensile test applied to chain for the purpose of verifying weld and material
quality.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—Itistheminimumforceinpoundsornewtonswhichthechainhaswithstoodatthetimeitlefttheproducer,
under a test in which a constantly increasing force has been applied in direct tension to a straight length of chain. Proof test loads
are a manufacturing integrity test and shall not be used as criteria for service or design purposes.
3.1.4 working load limit (WLL)—the maximum, n—maximum combined static and dynamic load in pounds or kilograms that
shall be applied in dir
...
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