ASTM D4659-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Polyurethane Raw Materials: Determination of Specific Gravity of Isocyanates
Standard Test Methods for Polyurethane Raw Materials: Determination of Specific Gravity of Isocyanates
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These test methods can be used for research or for quality control to characterize isocyanates used in polyurethane products.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods determine the specific gravity of toluenediisocyanate and crude methylene-bis-(4-phenylisocyanate). These test methods also are applicable to many other liquids. (See Note 1.)
1.1.1 Test Method A—Specific gravity by pycnometer, for high-accuracy determination.
1.1.2 Test Method B—Specific gravity by hydrometer, for a less accurate, but rapid, determination.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning and precautionary statements see Section 7.
Note 1—There is no equivalent ISO standard.
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Designation:D4659 −09
StandardTest Methods for
Polyurethane Raw Materials: Determination of Specific
1
Gravity of Isocyanates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4659; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3. Terminology
1.1 These test methods determine the specific gravity of 3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in these test
toluenediisocyanate and crude methylene-bis-(4-
methods see Terminology D883.
phenylisocyanate). These test methods also are applicable to
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
many other liquids. (See Note 1.)
3.2.1 specific gravity—the ratio of the weight in air of a
1.1.1 Test Method A—Specific gravity by pycnometer, for
given volume of the material at a stated temperature to the
high-accuracy determination.
weight in air of an equal volume of water at a stated
1.1.2 Test Method B—Specific gravity by hydrometer, for a
temperature. It shall be expressed as specific gravity, 25/25°C,
less accurate, but rapid, determination.
indicating that the sample and reference water were both
measured at 25°C.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
4. Significance and Use
standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 These test methods can be used for research or for
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the qualitycontroltocharacterizeisocyanatesusedinpolyurethane
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
products.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
TEST METHOD A—SPECIFIC GRAVITY BY
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
PYCNOMETER
warning and precautionary statements see Section 7.
NOTE 1—There is no equivalent ISO standard.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Pycnometer,of25or50-mLcapacity,conicalshapewith
2. Referenced Documents
acapillarysidearmoverflowtubehavingastandard-taper5/12
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ground-glass joint and a ground-glass vented cap.Athermom-
D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
etergraduatedfrom12to38°Cin0.2°divisionsattachedtothe
D891TestMethodsforSpecificGravity,Apparent,ofLiquid
neck of the flask by a standard-taper 10/18 ground-glass joint.
Industrial Chemicals
This thermometer is to be calibrated using the ASTM ther-
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
mometer specified in 5.3.
E1Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
5.2 Water Bath—A water bath maintained at 25 60.05°C.
E100Specification for ASTM Hydrometers
E202Test Methods for Analysis of Ethylene Glycols and
5.3 Thermometer—An ASTM low-softening point
Propylene Glycols
thermometer, calibrated from −2 to +80°C, which meets the
requirements for Thermometer 15C in Specification E1.
5.4 Analytical Balance—Abalancehavingasensitivityofat
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on
least 0.1 mg.
Plastics and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on Cellular
Materials - Plastics and Elastomers.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2009. Published February 2009. Originally
6. Reagents and Materials
approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D4659-03. DOI:
10.1520/D4659-09.
6.1 Purity of Reagents—Use reagent grade chemicals in all
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
tests.Unlessotherwiseindicated,itisintendedthatallreagents
contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnual Book ofASTM
conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Reagents of the American Chemical Society where such
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4659−09
3
NOTE 2—Other drying techniques can be used if ether is to be avoided.
specifications are available. Other grades can be used, pro-
It must be established that for any alternative drying method, a clean and
vided it is ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently high
dry pycnometer results.
purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of the
9.4 Carry out the rest of the procedure in a ventilated hood.
determination.
Thesamplefortestingmustbecompletelyliquid.Ifthesample
6.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references
contains solid toluene diisocyanate, warm it in its original
to water shall be understood to mean reagent water as defin
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D 4659–03 Designation: D 4659 – 09
Standard Test Methods for
Polyurethane Raw Materials: Determination of Specific
1
Gravity of Isocyanates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4659; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1These1.1 These test methods determine the specific gravity of toluenediiosocyanate and crude methylene-bis-(4-
phenylisocyanate). These test methods also are applicable to many other liquids. (See Note 1.)
1.1.1 Test Method A— Specific gravity by pycnometer, for high-accuracy determination.
1.1.2 Test Method B— Specific gravity by hydrometer, for a less accurate, but rapid, determination.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.The values given in bracketsNo other units of measurement
are for information only. included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific warning and precautionary statements see Notes 2 and 3.Section 7.
NOTE 1—There is no equivalent ISO standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D891 Test Methods for Specific Gravity, Apparent, of Liquid Industrial Chemicals
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E100 Specification for ASTM Hydrometers
E202 Test Methods for Analysis of Ethylene Glycols and Propylene Glycols
3. Terminology
3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions:
3.1.1For—For definitions of terms used in these test methods see Terminology D883.
3.2 DescriptionDefinitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 specific gravity—the ratio of the weight in air of a given volume of the material at a stated temperature to the weight in
airofanequalvolumeofwateratastatedtemperature.Itshallbeexpressedasspecificgravity,25/25°C,indicatingthatthesample
and reference water were both measured at 25°C.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Thesetestmethodscanbeusedforresearchorforqualitycontroltocharacterizeisocyanatesusedinpolyurethaneproducts.
TEST METHOD A—SPECIFIC GRAVITY BY PYCNOMETER
5. Apparatus
5.1 Pycnometer, of 25 or 50-mL capacity, conical shape with a capillary side arm overflow tube having a standard-taper 5/12
ground-glassjointandaground-glassventedcap.Athermometergraduatedfrom12to38°Cin0.2°divisionsattachedtotheneck
oftheflaskbyastandard-taper10/18ground-glassjoint.ThisthermometershouldistobecalibratedusingtheASTMthermometer
specified in 5.3.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on Cellular Materials -
Plastics and Elastomers.
Current edition approved NovemberFeb. 1, 2003.2009. Published January 2004.February 2009. Originally approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 19982003
as D4659-98.D4659-03.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D 4659 – 09
5.2 Water Bath—A water bath maintained at 25 60.05°C.
5.3 Thermometer— An ASTM low-softening point thermometer, calibrated from −2 to +80°C, which meets the requirements
for Thermometer 15C in Specification E1.
5.4 Analytical Balance—A balance having a sensitivity of at least 0.1 mg.
6. Reagents and Materials
6.1 Purity of Reagents—Use reagent grade chemicals in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that all reagents
conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society where such
3
specifications are available. Other grades maycan be used, provided it is ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently high purity
to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of the determination.
6.2 Purity of Water— Unless otherwise indicated, references
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D 4659–03 Designation: D 4659 – 09
Standard Test Methods for
Polyurethane Raw Materials: Determination of Specific
1
Gravity of Isocyanates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4659; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1These1.1 These test methods determine the specific gravity of toluenediiosocyanate and crude methylene-bis-(4-
phenylisocyanate). These test methods also are applicable to many other liquids. (See Note 1.)
1.1.1 Test Method A— Specific gravity by pycnometer, for high-accuracy determination.
1.1.2 Test Method B— Specific gravity by hydrometer, for a less accurate, but rapid, determination.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.The values given in bracketsNo other units of measurement
are for information only. included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific warning and precautionary statements see Notes 2 and 3.Section 7.
NOTE 1—There is no equivalent ISO standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D891 Test Methods for Specific Gravity, Apparent, of Liquid Industrial Chemicals
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E100 Specification for ASTM Hydrometers
E202 Test Methods for Analysis of Ethylene Glycols and Propylene Glycols
3. Terminology
3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions:
3.1.1For—For definitions of terms used in these test methods see Terminology D883.
3.2 DescriptionDefinitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 specific gravity—the ratio of the weight in air of a given volume of the material at a stated temperature to the weight in
airofanequalvolumeofwateratastatedtemperature.Itshallbeexpressedasspecificgravity,25/25°C,indicatingthatthesample
and reference water were both measured at 25°C.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Thesetestmethodscanbeusedforresearchorforqualitycontroltocharacterizeisocyanatesusedinpolyurethaneproducts.
TEST METHOD A—SPECIFIC GRAVITY BY PYCNOMETER
5. Apparatus
5.1 Pycnometer, of 25 or 50-mL capacity, conical shape with a capillary side arm overflow tube having a standard-taper 5/12
ground-glassjointandaground-glassventedcap.Athermometergraduatedfrom12to38°Cin0.2°divisionsattachedtotheneck
oftheflaskbyastandard-taper10/18ground-glassjoint.ThisthermometershouldistobecalibratedusingtheASTMthermometer
specified in 5.3.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on Cellular Plastics .
Current edition approved November 1, 2003. Published January 2004. Originally approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D4659-98.on Cellular
Materials - Plastics and Elastomers.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2009. Published February 2009. Originally approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D4659-03.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D 4659 – 09
5.2 Water Bath—A water bath maintained at 25 60.05°C.
5.3 Thermometer— An ASTM low-softening point thermometer, calibrated from −2 to +80°C, which meets the requirements
for Thermometer 15C in Specification E1.
5.4 Analytical Balance—A balance having a sensitivity of at least 0.1 mg.
6. Reagents and Materials
6.1 Purity of Reagents—Use reagent grade chemicals in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that all reagents
conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society where such
3
specifications are available. Other grades maycan be used, provided it is ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently high purity
...
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