ASTM D4659-14
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Polyurethane Raw Materials: Determination of Specific Gravity of Isocyanates
Standard Test Methods for Polyurethane Raw Materials: Determination of Specific Gravity of Isocyanates
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods can be used for research or for quality control to characterize isocyanates used in polyurethane products.
4.2 A general test method for specific gravity using a digital density meter, which applies to isocyanates as well as other liquids is published in Test Method D4052.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods determine the specific gravity of toluenediisocyanate and crude methylene-bis-(4-phenylisocyanate). These test methods also are applicable to many other liquids. (See Note 1.)
1.1.1 Test Method A—Specific gravity by pycnometer, for high-accuracy determination.
1.1.2 Test Method B—Specific gravity by hydrometer, for a less accurate, but rapid, determination.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning and precautionary statements see Section 7. Note 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
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Designation:D4659 −14
Standard Test Methods for
Polyurethane Raw Materials: Determination of Specific
1
Gravity of Isocyanates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4659; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* E2251Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermom-
eters with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
1.1 These test methods determine the specific gravity of
toluenediisocyanate and crude methylene-bis-(4-
3. Terminology
phenylisocyanate). These test methods also are applicable to
many other liquids. (See Note 1.)
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in these test
1.1.1 Test Method A—Specific gravity by pycnometer, for
methods see Terminology D883.
high-accuracy determination.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.1.2 Test Method B—Specific gravity by hydrometer, for a
3.2.1 specific gravity—the ratio of the weight in air of a
less accurate, but rapid, determination.
given volume of the material at a stated temperature to the
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
weight in air of an equal volume of water at a stated
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
temperature. It shall be expressed as specific gravity, 25/25°C,
standard.
indicating that the sample and reference water were both
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
measured at 25°C.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Significance and Use
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1 These test methods can be used for research or for
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
qualitycontroltocharacterizeisocyanatesusedinpolyurethane
warning and precautionary statements see Section 7.
products.
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
4.2 Ageneraltestmethodforspecificgravityusingadigital
density meter, which applies to isocyanates as well as other
2. Referenced Documents
liquids is published in Test Method D4052.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
TEST METHOD A—SPECIFIC GRAVITY BY
D891TestMethodsforSpecificGravity,Apparent,ofLiquid
PYCNOMETER
Industrial Chemicals
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
5. Apparatus
D4052Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
5.1 Pycnometer,of25or50-mLcapacity,conicalshapewith
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
acapillarysidearmoverflowtubehavingastandard-taper5/12
E100Specification for ASTM Hydrometers
ground-glass joint and a ground-glass vented cap.Athermom-
E202Test Methods for Analysis of Ethylene Glycols and
etergraduatedfrom12to38°Cin0.2°divisionsattachedtothe
Propylene Glycols
neck of the flask by a standard-taper 10/18 ground-glass joint.
This thermometer is to be calibrated using the ASTM ther-
mometer specified in 5.3.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on
Plastics and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on Cellular
5.2 Water Bath—A water bath maintained at 25 60.05°C.
Materials - Plastics and Elastomers.
Current edition approved March 1, 2014. Published March 2014. Originally
5.3 Thermometer—An ASTM low-softening point
approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D4659-09. DOI:
thermometer, calibrated from −2 to +80°C, which meets the
10.1520/D4659-14.
2 requirements for Thermometer S15C in Specification E2251.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnual Book ofASTM
5.4 Analytical Balance—Abalancehavingasensitivityofat
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. least 0.1 mg.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4659−14
6. Reagents and Materials from the side-arm capillary and cover it with the vented cap.
Remove the pycnometer from the bath, wipe dry, and weigh.
6.1 Purity of Reagents—Use reagent grade chemicals in all
tests.Unlessotherwiseindicated,itisintendedthatallreagents 9.3 Empty the pycnometer and rinse it with alcohol, then
conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical with ether. Remove the ether and dry the pycnometer under
Reagents of the American Chemical Society where such vacuum for 15 min. Weigh the pycnometer. Determine the
3
specifications are available. Other grades can be used, pro- wei
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4659 − 09 D4659 − 14
Standard Test Methods for
Polyurethane Raw Materials: Determination of Specific
1
Gravity of Isocyanates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4659; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 These test methods determine the specific gravity of toluenediisocyanate and crude methylene-bis-(4-phenylisocyanate).
These test methods also are applicable to many other liquids. (See Note 1.)
1.1.1 Test Method A—Specific gravity by pycnometer, for high-accuracy determination.
1.1.2 Test Method B—Specific gravity by hydrometer, for a less accurate, but rapid, determination.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific warning and precautionary statements see Section 7.
NOTE 1—There is no equivalent ISO standard. known ISO equivalent to this standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D891 Test Methods for Specific Gravity, Apparent, of Liquid Industrial Chemicals
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
E1D4052 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersTest Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of
Liquids by Digital Density Meter
E100 Specification for ASTM Hydrometers
E202 Test Methods for Analysis of Ethylene Glycols and Propylene Glycols
E2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermometers with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in these test methods see Terminology D883.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 specific gravity—the ratio of the weight in air of a given volume of the material at a stated temperature to the weight in
air of an equal volume of water at a stated temperature. It shall be expressed as specific gravity, 25/25°C, indicating that the sample
and reference water were both measured at 25°C.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 These test methods can be used for research or for quality control to characterize isocyanates used in polyurethane products.
4.2 A general test method for specific gravity using a digital density meter, which applies to isocyanates as well as other liquids
is published in Test Method D4052.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on Cellular Materials -
Plastics and Elastomers.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2009March 1, 2014. Published February 2009March 2014. Originally approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 20032009
as D4659 - 03.D4659 - 09. DOI: 10.1520/D4659-09.10.1520/D4659-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4659 − 14
TEST METHOD A—SPECIFIC GRAVITY BY PYCNOMETER
5. Apparatus
5.1 Pycnometer, of 25 or 50-mL capacity, conical shape with a capillary side arm overflow tube having a standard-taper 5/12
ground-glass joint and a ground-glass vented cap. A thermometer graduated from 12 to 38°C in 0.2° divisions attached to the neck
of the flask by a standard-taper 10/18 ground-glass joint. This thermometer is to be calibrated using the ASTM thermometer
specified in 5.3.
5.2 Water Bath—A water bath maintained at 25 6 0.05°C.
5.3 Thermometer—An ASTM low-softening point thermometer, calibrated from −2 to +80°C, which meets the requirements for
Thermometer 15CS15C in Specification E1E2251.
5.4 Analytical Balance—A balance having a sensitivity of at least 0.1 mg.
6. Reagents and Materials
6.1 Purity of Reagents—Use reagent grade chemicals in all tests. Unless otherwise indica
...
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