ASTM F1931-98(2004)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Characterization of Gymnastic Landing Mats and Floor Exercise Surfaces (Withdrawn 2011)
Standard Test Method for Characterization of Gymnastic Landing Mats and Floor Exercise Surfaces (Withdrawn 2011)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Data obtained from this test method is indicative of the energy absorption and elasticity of the test specimen.
The results of the test method may be used by the consumer to determine the suitability of a mat, mat system, or floor exercise surface for its intended application. This test method is intended to provide data similar to tests conducted under the authorization of the Fidiration Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG).4
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of shock absorption characteristics and rebound properties of landing mats and floor exercise surfaces used in the sport of gymnastics. It defines quantitative parameters for these characteristics.
1.2 This test method is performed under laboratory conditions and requires use of an impact-testing device.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers the measurement of shock absorption characteristics and rebound properties of landing mats and floor exercise surfaces used in the sport of gymnastics. It defines quantitative parameters for these characteristics.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee F08 on Sports Equipment and Facilities, this test method was withdrawn without replacement in March 2011 due to inactivity.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation:F1931–98(Reapproved 2004)
Standard Test Method for
Characterization of Gymnastic Landing Mats and Floor
Exercise Surfaces
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1931; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 acceleration, n—instantaneous time rate of change of
velocity, which may be positive or negative.
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of shock
3.1.2 base line, n—starting reference height of the mat or
absorption characteristics and rebound properties of landing
floor exercise surface from which penetration and rebound are
mats and floor exercise surfaces used in the sport of gymnas-
measured; this is the top surface of the mat in its undeformed
tics. It defines quantitative parameters for these characteristics.
state.
1.2 This test method is performed under laboratory condi-
3.1.3 depth of penetration, n—maximum deformation of
tions and requires use of an impact-testing device.
test specimen at impact of missile that is dropped with a
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
predetermined impact velocity; measurement is the differential
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
of maximally compressed surface and base line height.
information only.
3.1.4 floor exercise surface, n—structure generally consist-
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, opera-
ing of a deck surface with foam or spring supports and one or
tions, and equipment. This standard does not purport to
more layers of cushioning material on top, designed for use in
address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its
competitive gymnastics floor exercises.
use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
3.1.5 impact velocity, n—velocityofthemissileasitcrosses
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
the base line on impact.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.6 landing mat, n—structure designed for cushioning
2. Referenced Documents falls or landing dismounts, or both, from gymnastic routines.
3.1.7 low impact use, n—usage of a mat for cushioning
2.1 ASTM Standards:
landings that are from heights below the surface of the
F355 Test Method for Shock-Absorbing Properties of Play-
apparatus and do not involve somersaulting dismounts, for
ing Surface Systems and Materials
example, pommel horse mats.
F1292 Specification for Impact Attenuation of Surfacing
3.1.8 mat system, n—two-matsystemsuchasabaselanding
Materials Within the Use Zone of Playground Equipment
mat and a supplemental mat.
2.2 SAE Standards:
3.1.9 maximum force, n—peak force exerted on the testing
SAE J211 Instrumentation for Impact Test
missile by the equipment surface; that is equal to the peak
3. Terminology
acceleration times the mass of the missile.
3.1.10 rebound height, n—theoretical maximum rebound
3.1 Definitions:
distance of the missile from the base line of the apparatus after
impact and under ideal (frictionless) conditions.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports
3.1.11 rebound velocity, n—velocity of the missile as it
Equipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.12 on
crosses the base line on rebound.
Gymnastics and Wrestling Equipment.
Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published May 2004. Originally
3.2 Symbols:
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as F1931 – 98. DOI:
3.2.1 F —weighted average of maximum force for a mat;
ave
10.1520/F1931-98R04.
2 the values for 8 drops on each of four defined points are
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM averaged, with weighting to simulate dropping on nine points.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
3.2.2 G—ratio of the magnitude of missile acceleration
the ASTM website.
during impact to the acceleration due to gravity, expressed in
Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth
the same units.
Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F1931–98 (2004)
3.2.3 G —maximum value of G encountered during im- 6.3.1 Acceleration-Time—An accelerometer shall be
max
pact. mounted on the missile at a point on the surface that is on a
3.2.4 P —weighted average of depth of penetration for a vertical line through the center of gravity of the missile.
ave
mat; the values for eight drops on each of four defined points Equipment must record vertical acceleration of missile during
are averaged, with weighting to simulate dropping on nine
all contact phases of the drop. The recording system shall
points. measure the peak acceleration value to an accuracy of 65%of
3.2.5 R —weighted average of rebound height for a mat;
the true value. The total system, detection and recording, shall
ave
the values for eight drops on each of four defined points are be capable of measuring impulses up to 200 g (200 3
averaged, with weighing to simulate dropping on nine points.
acceleration due to gravity) at sampling frequencies of at least
8 kHz to an accuracy of 65 %. The recording system should
4. Summary of Test Method
have a flat frequency response to beyond 3000 Hz. The
4.1 Impact Test—A test specimen of mat, mat system, or recording system should conform with SAE J211.
floor exercise surface is impacted at a specified velocity with a
6.3.2 Velocity—The velocity recording equipment, at a
cylindrical missile of specified mass and geometry. The veloc-
minimum, must measure and record impact and rebound
ity, acceleration, and displacement of the missile are monitored
velocities to an accuracy of 65 % of the true value, with a
and the depth of penetration, rebound height, and maximum
samplingfrequencyofatleast8kHz.Anymethodthatdoesnot
force are recorded.
physically interfere with the impact and give erroneous
acceleration-time results is acceptable.
5. Significance and Use
6.3.3 Displacement—The displacement must be recorded
5.1 Data obtained from this test method is indicative of the
during the contact phase of the impact, with a sampling
energy absorption and elasticity of the test specimen.
frequency of at least 8 kHz. If accuracy can be validated, it is
5.2 The results of the test method may be used by the
acceptable to determine displacement data from the integral of
consumer to determine the suitability of a mat, mat system, or
the velocity data.
floor exercise surface for its intended application. This test
method is intended to provide data similar to tests conducted
7. Test Specimen
under the authorization of the Fédération Internationale de
7.1 For landing mats and mat systems, the test specimen
Gymnastique (FIG).
must be 1 by 1 m (39 by 40 in.) and the same thickness as the
6. Apparatus mat or mat system as used in actual practice.A1-cm (0.39-in.)
tolerance in thickness and a 2-cm (0.79 in.) tolerance in length
6.1 Impact testing machine,consistingofastandthatallows
and width is permitted.
vertical impacting of a specimen up to 1.2 by 2.4 m (4 by 8 ft)
7.2 For floor exercise surfaces, the test specimen must be at
in size over any point of the test specimen. The legs of the test
least 1 by 1 m (39 by 39 in.) and is generally one section of a
machine shall not touch the test specimen at any point. The
multi-section floor exercise surface. A 2-cm tolerance in each
drop height must be adjustable. The test machine and missile
dimension is permitted.The dimensions may not exceed 1.2 by
system must be designed to minimize friction and to minimize
2.4 m (4 by 8 ft). It must be constructed with the same
undesirable vibrations in the apparatus that might be recorded
materials and support geometry/layout as competitive floor
on the acceleration-time curve. In order to do this, the machine
must be able to obtain the desired impact velocity within 5 cm exercise surface. The test specimen must include all compo-
nents of the floor exercise surface including deck, supports,
(1.97 in.) of the theoretical drop height for this velocity. In
addition, the apparatus should not contain resonant frequencies padding material, and top surface material.
below 2000 Hz.
7.3 This test method may be used for other size specimens
6.1.1 Base, of at least 500 kg (1100 lb), which is fixed to a
of mats, as specified by the individu
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