ASTM E21-17e1

Standard Test Methods for Elevated Temperature Tension Tests of Metallic Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The elevated-temperature tension test gives a useful estimate of the ability of metals to withstand the application of applied tensile forces. Using established and conventional relationships it can be used to give some indication of probable behavior under other simple states of stress, such as compression, shear, etc. The ductility values give a comparative measure of the capacity of different materials to deform locally without cracking and thus to accommodate a local stress concentration or overstress; however, quantitative relationships between tensile ductility and the effect of stress concentrations at elevated temperature are not universally valid. A similar comparative relationship exists between tensile ductility and strain-controlled, low-cycle fatigue life under simple states of stress. The results of these tension tests can be considered as only a questionable comparative measure of the strength and ductility for service times of many hours. Therefore, the principal usefulness of the elevated-temperature tension test is to assure that the tested material is similar to reference material when other measures such as chemical composition and microstructure also show the two materials are similar.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedure and equipment for the determination of tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and reduction of area of metallic materials at elevated temperatures.  
1.2 Determination of modulus of elasticity and proportional limit are not included.  
1.3 Tension tests under conditions of rapid heating or rapid strain rates are not included.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2017
• ICS: 77.040.10 - Mechanical testing of metals
• Technical Committee: E28 - Mechanical Testing
• Drafting Committee: E28.04 - Uniaxial Testing

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´1
Designation: E21 − 17
Standard Test Methods for
1
Elevated Temperature Tension Tests of Metallic Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E21; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1
ε NOTE—Section 3 was editorially updated in April 2019.
1. Scope* E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma-
terials
1.1 These test methods cover procedure and equipment for
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
thedeterminationoftensilestrength,yieldstrength,elongation,
Determine Conformance with Specifications
and reduction of area of metallic materials at elevated tempera-
E74 Practices for Calibration and Verification for Force-
tures.
Measuring Instruments
1.2 Determination of modulus of elasticity and proportional
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-
limit are not included.
someter Systems
1.3 Tension tests under conditions of rapid heating or rapid E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
ASTM Test Methods
strain rates are not included.
E220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
Comparison Techniques
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
E633 Guide for Use of Thermocouples in Creep and Stress-
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
Rupture Testing to 1800°F (1000°C) in Air
and are not considered standard.
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3. Terminology
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1 Definitions of terms relating to tension testing which
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
appear in Terminology E6, apply to this test method. These
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
terms include alignment, axial strain, bending strain, gauge
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
length, elongation, elongation after fracture, extensometer
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
system, necking, reduction of area, tensile strength, yield
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
strength. In addition, the definitions of the following terms
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
relating to tension testing are included.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.2 Definitions:
3.2.1 reduced section, n—the central portion of the speci-
2. Referenced Documents
men that has a cross section smaller than the gripped ends.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.1.1 Discussion—The cross section is uniform within
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
prescribed tolerances.
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
3.2.2 length of the reduced section—the distance between
the tangent points of the fillets that bound the reduced section.
1 3.2.3 adjusted length of the reduced section—the length of
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on
Mechanical Testing and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.04 on
the reduced section plus an amount calculated to compensate
Uniaxial Testing.
for strain in the fillet region.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2017. Published January 2018. Originally
approved in 1933. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as E21 – 09. DOI:
4. Significance and Use
10.1520/E0021-17E01.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4.1 The elevated-temperature tension test gives a useful
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
estimate of the ability of metals to withstand the application of
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. applied tensile forces. Using established and conventional
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959. United States
1

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E21−17
relationships it can be used to give some indication of probable sitate use of a material different from that used during the
behavior under other simple states of stress, such as elevated-temperature test. See Practice E1012 for recom-
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: E21 − 17 E21 − 17
Standard Test Methods for
1
Elevated Temperature Tension Tests of Metallic Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E21; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1
ε NOTE—Section 3 was editorially updated in April 2019.
1. Scope*
1.1 These test methods cover procedure and equipment for the determination of tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and
reduction of area of metallic materials at elevated temperatures.
1.2 Determination of modulus of elasticity and proportional limit are not included.
1.3 Tension tests under conditions of rapid heating or rapid strain rates are not included.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E74 Practices for Calibration and Verification for Force-Measuring Instruments
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Extensometer Systems
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By Comparison Techniques
E633 Guide for Use of Thermocouples in Creep and Stress-Rupture Testing to 1800°F (1000°C) in Air
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of terms relating to tension testing which appear in Terminology E6, apply to this test method. These terms
include alignment, axial strain, bending strain, gauge length, elongation, elongation after fracture, extensometer system, necking,
reduction of area, tensile strength, yield strength. In addition, the definitions of the following terms relating to tension testing are
included.
3.2 Definitions:
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on Mechanical Testing and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.04 on Uniaxial
Testing.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2017. Published January 2018. Originally approved in 1933. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as E21 – 09. DOI:
10.1520/E0021-17.10.1520/E0021-17E01.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´1
E21 − 17
3.2.1 reduced section—section, n—the central portion of the lengthspecimen that has a cross section smaller than the gripped
ends.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—
The cross section is uniform within prescribed tolerances.
3.2.2 length of the reduced section—the distance between the tangent points of the fillets that bound the reduced section.
3.2.3 adjusted length of the reduced section—is the length of the reduced section plus an amount calculated to compensate for
strain in the fillet region.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The elevated-temperature tension test gives a useful estimate of the ability of metals to withst
...