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ASTM D1640/D1640M-14(2022)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Drying, Curing, or Film Formation of Organic Coatings

Standard Test Methods for Drying, Curing, or Film Formation of Organic Coatings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 These test methods can be used to determine the various stages and rates of drying, curing, and film formation of organic coatings for comparing types of coatings, assessing the impact of compositional changes on drying time, or for assessing drying/curing time in the shop or field. Low temperature can significantly slow the drying rate of coatings so low temperature curing agents, catalysts and/or accelerators are often available to aid drying and film formation under cooler temperatures. Method B is designed to evaluate these components and/or to determine the effect of cooler temperatures on drying rates. Conversely, the drying/curing rate of certain coatings can be accelerated under elevated temperature/humidity conditions, while others may be adversely impacted by elevated humidity. Method C is designed to evaluate the effects of elevated temperature and relative humidity conditions on drying, curing, and film formation of paints and coatings. The terms dry or drying, cure or curing, and film formation are used interchangeably throughout this standard.  
3.2 Test Methods A, B and C are limited to a comparison of paints/coatings applied to smooth, non-absorbent substrates and do not reflect the effect of absorption of the paint vehicle into the substrate material.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the various stages and rates of film formation in the drying or curing of organic coatings under laboratory controlled conditions of air temperature, (low, ambient and/or elevated) and/or humidity. Procedures for assessing drying under prevailing conditions of temperature and humidity in the shop and field are also described.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-May-2022
ICS
25.220.60 - Organic coatings
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.23 - Physical Properties of Applied Paint Films
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D4414-95(2020) - Standard Practice for Measurement of Wet Film Thickness by Notch Gages
Effective Date
01-Jun-2020

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ASTM D1640/D1640M-14(2022) - Standard Test Methods for Drying, Curing, or Film Formation of Organic CoatingsASTM D1640/D1640M-14(2022) - Standard Test Methods for Drying, Curing, or Film Formation of Organic Coatings
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ASTM D1640/D1640M-14(2022) - Standard Test Methods for Drying, Curing, or Film Formation of Organic Coatings
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1640/D1640M − 14 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Test Methods for
1
Drying, Curing, or Film Formation of Organic Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1640/D1640M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
3
1. Scope 2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO9117–4 Paintsandvarnishes—Determinationofdrying
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the
— Part 4: Method using a mechanical recorder
various stages and rates of film formation in the drying or
curing of organic coatings under laboratory controlled condi-
3. Significance and Use
tions of air temperature, (low, ambient and/or elevated) and/or
humidity. Procedures for assessing drying under prevailing 3.1 These test methods can be used to determine the various
conditions of temperature and humidity in the shop and field stages and rates of drying, curing, and film formation of
are also described. organic coatings for comparing types of coatings, assessing the
impact of compositional changes on drying time, or for
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
assessing drying/curing time in the shop or field. Low tem-
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
perature can significantly slow the drying rate of coatings so
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to
lowtemperaturecuringagents,catalystsand/oracceleratorsare
ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be
often available to aid drying and film formation under cooler
used independently of the other, and values from the two
temperatures. Method B is designed to evaluate these compo-
systems shall not be combined.
nents and/or to determine the effect of cooler temperatures on
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
drying rates. Conversely, the drying/curing rate of certain
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
coatings can be accelerated under elevated temperature/
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
humidity conditions, while others may be adversely impacted
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
by elevated humidity. Method C is designed to evaluate the
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
effects of elevated temperature and relative humidity condi-
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
tions on drying, curing, and film formation of paints and
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
coatings. The terms dry or drying, cure or curing, and film
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
formation are used interchangeably throughout this standard.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.2 Test MethodsA, B and C are limited to a comparison of
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
paints/coatings applied to smooth, non-absorbent substrates
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
and do not reflect the effect of absorption of the paint vehicle
2. Referenced Documents
into the substrate material.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4. Substrate, Coating Application Method and Film
D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
Thicknesses
of Paint, Coatings and Related Products on Test Panels
D4414 Practice for Measurement of Wet Film Thickness by
4.1 Obtain agreement between the contracting parties as to
Notch Gages the substrate, wet film thickness (WFT), and application
method for testing the specific coating involved.The product is
1 tested as manufactured (without reducer, unless otherwise
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on
Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct
agreed upon by contracting parties). Unless otherwise agreed,
responsibility of Subcommittee D01.23 on Physical Properties of Applied Paint
the thickness of the cast film shall conform to the coating
Films.
manufacturer’s product data sheet. If the wet film thickness is
Current edition approved June 1, 2022. Published June 2022. Originally
not stated on the manufacturer’s product data sheet, it can be
approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D1640/D1640M – 14
(2018). DOI: 10.1520/D1640_D1640M-14R22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm
...

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5.1 Pencil hardness measurements have been used by the coatings industry for many years to determine the hardness of clear and pigmented organic coating films. This test method has also been used to determine the cure of these coatings, especially when using forced dried heat.  
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Standard Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Applied Organic Coatings Using an Ultrasonic Coating Thickness Gage

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FIG. 1 Abrasion Test Apparatus
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4.1 Coatings attached to substrates are elongated when the substrates are dimensionally unstable, or are bent during the manufacture of articles or when the articles are abused in service. These test methods have been useful in rating attached coatings for their ability to resist cracking when elongated. They have been useful in evaluating the flexibility of coatings on flexible substrates. The elongation of coating films may also be tested using Test Method D2370. The correlation between elongation determined in accordance with Test Methods D522/D522M and D2370 is unknown.
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1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the resistance to cracking (flexibility) of attached organic coatings on substrates of sheet metal or rubber-type materials.  
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Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Organic Coatings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Tensile properties determined by this method are of value in studying the behavior of coatings subjected to environmental stresses, such as those produced by aging and weathering. (See Refs. (1-10).)4  
5.2 Tensile properties may vary with specimen thickness, method of preparation, gage length, rate of load application, tensile tester response, and type of grips used. Consequently, where precise comparative results are desired, these factors must be carefully controlled.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the elongation, tensile strength, and stiffness (modulus of elasticity) of organic coatings when tested as free films.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D5179-16(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring Adhesion of Organic Coatings in the Laboratory by Direct Tensile Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The pull-off strength (commonly referred to as adhesion) of a coating is an important performance property that has been used in specifications. This test method serves as a means for uniformly preparing and testing organic coatings on plastic or other substrates.4 Further information may be found in Appendix X1.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of organic coating adhesion to plastic substrates by mounting and removing a metal stud from the surface of the coating and measuring the force required to break the coating/substrate bond with a tensile tester. This test method may also be applied to substrates other than plastic.  
1.2 This test method requires that the metal stud be adhered directly to the surface of a coated, cured panel (Fig. 1).
FIG. 1 Direct Tensile Model  
1.3 This test method is used to compare the adhesion of coatings to plastic or other substrates, thus allowing for a quantitative comparison of various coating/substrate combinations in laboratory conditions.  
1.4 Other tensile test methods are Test Methods D4541, D7234, D7522, and ISO 4624 (but are not technically equivalent).  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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