ASTM D2980-17
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Saturated Density, Moisture-Holding Capacity, and Porosity of Saturated Peat Materials
Standard Test Method for Saturated Density, Moisture-Holding Capacity, and Porosity of Saturated Peat Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method measures the air-filled spaces (porosity) and the moisture-holding capacity of peat on both a mass and a volume basis under conditions of saturation. If large spaces are present, water and air can penetrate easily. If spaces are smaller, the water holding capacity is increased. Water holding capacity is larger in humified peat materials (small inter-particulate spaces) (sapric soil), whereas water and air-penetration is larger in unhumified peat (larger inter-particulate spaces) (fibric soil). The spaces can also be an indication of the oxygen available to the plant roots. As such, the interplay of the properties of moisture holding capacity and porosity dictate the best use of the harvested organic soil material as well as the best management practices for organic soils. The moisture retention relationships of these soils are critical to decisions involving irrigation, drainage, and bearing capacity of these soil.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
5.2 Water retention values are particularly important in the management of organic soils. There is much confusion in the literature about the moisture retention values being expressed in various bases; as a percent by volume; as a percent of oven dry mass; or as the percent of the wet mass. In some management decisions, it is necessary to express the water contents of organic soils on a volume basis because of their varied bulk densities, but because of the volume reduction occurring on dr...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method was designed to evaluate the aeration, water penetration, and water retention properties of peat under field conditions of water saturation by measurement of the saturated density, the moisture holding capacity, and the porosity.
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are being regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units, which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.
1.3.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D2980 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Saturated Density, Moisture-Holding Capacity, and Porosity
1
of Saturated Peat Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2980; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D653Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
Fluids
1.1 This test method was designed to evaluate the aeration,
D2974Test Methods for Moisture,Ash, and Organic Matter
water penetration, and water retention properties of peat under
of Peat and Other Organic Soils
field conditions of water saturation by measurement of the
D3740Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
saturated density, the moisture holding capacity, and the
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
porosity.
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are being regarded
D4753Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal-
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and
conversions to inch-pound units, which are provided for
Construction Materials Testing
information only and are not considered standard.
D6026Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the Data
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
E11Specification forWovenWireTest Sieve Cloth andTest
Practice D6026. Sieves
1.3.1 Theproceduresusedtospecifyhowdataarecollected/
recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the 3. Terminology
industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the
3.1 Definitions:
significant digits that generally should be retained. The proce-
3.1.1 For common definitions of common terms in this
dures used do not consider material variation, purpose for
standard, refer to Terminology D653.
obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-
ations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to
4. Summary of Test Method
increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be
commensuratewiththeseconsiderations.Itisbeyondthescope
4.1 The test method sets up standardized conditions for
of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis
measuring the volume and mass of saturated peat. From these
methods for engineering design
data, saturated volume, mass, moisture-holding capacity (on a
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
massandvolumebasis),drypeatvolumes,andporositycanbe
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
determined.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5. Significance and Use
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.1 This test method measures the air-filled spaces (poros-
ity) and the moisture-holding capacity of peat on both a mass
2. Referenced Documents
and a volume basis under conditions of saturation. If large
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
spaces are present, water and air can penetrate easily. If spaces
are smaller, the water holding capacity is increased. Water
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoiland
holding capacity is larger in humified peat materials (small
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.22 on Media for Plant
inter-particulate spaces) (sapric soil), whereas water and air-
Growth.
penetrationislargerinunhumifiedpeat(largerinter-particulate
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2017. Published February 2017. Originally
spaces)(fibricsoil).Thespacescanalsobeanindicationofthe
approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D2980–04(2010).
DOI: 10.1520/D2980-17.
oxygenavailabletotheplantroots.Assuch,theinterplayofthe
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
propertiesofmoistureholdingcapacityandporositydictatethe
contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnual Book ofASTM
best use of the harvested organic soil material as well as the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. best management practices for organic soils. The moisture
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2980 − 17
retention relationships of these soils are critical to decisions 7. Preparation of Sampling and Test Specimens
involving irrigation, drainage, and bearing capacity of
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2980 − 04 (Reapproved 2010) D2980 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Volume Mass,Saturated Density, Moisture-Holding Capacity,
1
and PorocityPorosity of Saturated Peat Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2980; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method was designed to evaluate the aeration, water penetration, and water retention properties of peat under field
conditions of water saturation.saturation by measurement of the saturated density, the moisture holding capacity, and the porosity.
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are being regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to inch-pound units, which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice
D6026.
1.3.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry
standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not
consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives;
and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations.
It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D2974 Test Methods for Moisture, Ash, and Organic Matter of Peat and Other Organic Soils
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
Engineering Design and Construction
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and Construction
Materials Testing
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For common definitions of common terms in this standard, refer to Terminology D653.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The test method sets up standardized conditions for measuring the volume and mass of saturated peat. From these data,
saturated volume masses,volume, mass, moisture-holding capacity (on a mass and volume basis), dry peat volumes, and
porocityporosity can be determined.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.22 on Soil as a Medium Media
for Plant Growth.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2010Feb. 1, 2017. Published March 2010February 2017. Originally approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 20042010 as
D2980 – 04.D2980 – 04(2010). DOI: 10.1520/D2980-04R10.10.1520/D2980-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2980 − 17
5. Significance and Use
4.1 This test method measures the air spaces of peat and the moisture-holding capacity on either a mass and/or a volume basis
under conditions of saturation. If large spaces are present, water and air can penetrate easily. If spaces are smaller, the water holding
capacity is increased. Water holding capacity is larger in humified peat materials (small inter-particulate spaces), whereas water
and air-penetration is larger in unhumified peat (larger inter-pa
...
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