ASTM D1997-20
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Laboratory Determination of the Fiber Content of Peat and Organic Soils by Dry Mass
Standard Test Method for Laboratory Determination of the Fiber Content of Peat and Organic Soils by Dry Mass
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is useful for determining the quantity of fibers in a peat or organic soil specimen. Fiber content is one parameter used to classify the peat as determined in Classification D4427. It is also a significant parameter in predicting or defining the many end uses of these materials. In this regard, fiber content has been related to agricultural and horticultural end uses (such as mulching and soil enrichment), geotechnical measurements (such as strength, compressibility, and permeability), industrial chemical uses (such as production of waxes, activated carbon, and medicines), and energy uses (such as direct combustion, methanol production, and gas yields).
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of the fiber content of peat and organic soils by dry mass. Classification D4427 provides the methodology to classify peat as it is used in this standard.
1.2 Pieces of plant material such as roots or wood, larger than 20 mm in smallest dimension are not considered fibers.
1.3 Because this test method is simple and does not need sophisticated equipment in order to be performed, it is especially recommended for routine reconnaissance work where large numbers of samples need to be tested and mineral contents are low.
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. Alternate sieve designations in parentheses are as provided in Specification E11.
1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1997 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Laboratory Determination of the Fiber Content of Peat and
1
Organic Soils by Dry Mass
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1997; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
the fiber content of peat and organic soils by dry mass.
Fluids
ClassificationD4427providesthemethodologytoclassifypeat
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water
as it is used in this standard.
(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
1.2 Pieces of plant material such as roots or wood, larger
D2974 Test Methods for Determining the Water (Moisture)
than 20 mm in smallest dimension are not considered fibers.
Content, Ash Content, and Organic Material of Peat and
Other Organic Soils
1.3 Because this test method is simple and does not need
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
sophisticated equipment in order to be performed, it is espe-
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
cially recommended for routine reconnaissance work where
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
large numbers of samples need to be tested and mineral
D4427 Classification of Peat Samples by Laboratory Testing
contents are low.
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal-
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and
as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Construction Materials Testing
standard. Alternate sieve designations in parentheses are as
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical
provided in Specification E11.
Data
D6913 Test Methods for Particle-Size Distribution (Grada-
1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
tion) of Soils Using Sieve Analysis
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
Practice D6026.
Sieves
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3. Terminology
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1 Definitions:
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1.1 For definitions of common technical terms used in this
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
standard, refer to Terminology D653.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- 3
4. Summary of Test Method
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4.1 A sample of peat or organic soil is reduced using
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
quartering to obtain a representative sample. The representa-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
tive sample is further reduced via quartering to obtain a test
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoiland contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.22 on Media for Plant Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Growth. the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved March 1, 2020. Published March 2020. Originally This test method is a modified version of one described in: Riley, J. L.,
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D1997 – 13. DOI: “Laboratory Methods for Testing Peat,” Ontario Peatland Inventory Project,
10.1520/D1997-20. Ontario Geological Survey Open File Report 5572, 1986, pp. 21–22.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D1997 − 20
specimen. A portion of the test specimen is used to obtain a 6.6 Washing Sink with a Water Delivery System—A sink or
water content determination.Another portion of the test speci- other suitable receptacle having a mechanism to deliver a
men is placed in a beaker and mixed with a dispersing agent stream of water directly to th
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1997 − 13 D1997 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Laboratory Determination of the Fiber Content of Peat
1
Samples and Organic Soils by Dry Mass
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1997; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of the fiber content of peat (as defined in and organic soils by dry mass.
Classification D4427) by dry mass. It also may be used for non-peat organic soil materials. provides the methodology to classify
peat as it is used in this standard.
1.2 Pieces of plant material such as roots or wood, larger than 20 mm in smallest dimension are not considered fibers.
1.3 Because this test method is simple and requires no does not need sophisticated equipment to perform, in order to be
performed, it is especially recommended for routine reconnaissance work,work where large numbers of samples need to be tested
and mineral contents are low.
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard. Alternate sieve designations in parentheses are as provided in Specification E11. Use Practice D6026 for determining
significant digits to report.
1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice
D6026.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
D2974 Test Methods for Determining the Water (Moisture) Content, Ash Content, and Organic Material of Peat and Other
Organic Soils
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
Engineering Design and Construction
D4427 Classification of Peat Samples by Laboratory Testing
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and Construction
Materials Testing
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data
D6913 Test Methods for Particle-Size Distribution (Gradation) of Soils Using Sieve Analysis
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.22 on Soil as a Medium Media
for Plant Growth.
Current edition approved June 1, 2013March 1, 2020. Published July 2013March 2020. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 20082013 as
ε1
D1997 – 91D1997 (2008) – 13. . DOI: 10.1520/D1997-13.10.1520/D1997-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1997 − 20
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For common definitions of terms in this standard, refer to Terminology D653.
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of common technical terms used in this standard, refer to Terminology D653.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 fiber—a fragment or piece of plant tissue that retains a recognizable cellular structure and is large enough to be retained
on a 150-μm (No. 100) sieve. Plant materials larger than
...
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