ASTM D1823-95(2009)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Plastisols and Organosols at High Shear Rates by Extrusion Viscometer
Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Plastisols and Organosols at High Shear Rates by Extrusion Viscometer
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The suitability of a dispersion resin for any given application is dependent upon its viscosity characteristics.
The extrusion viscosity defines the flow behavior of a plastisol or organosol under high shear. This viscosity relates to the conditions encountered in mixing, pumping, knife coating, roller coating, and spraying processes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of plastisol and organosol viscosity at high shear rates by means of an extrusion viscometer.
1.2 Apparent viscosity at low shear rates is covered in Test Method D1824.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are given for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1—This test method resembles ISO 4575-1985 in title only. The content is significantly different.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D1823 − 95(Reapproved 2009)
Standard Test Method for
Apparent Viscosity of Plastisols and Organosols at High
Shear Rates by Extrusion Viscometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1823; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 ISO Standard:
ISO 4575-1985 Poly Vinyl Chloride Pastes—
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of plastisol
Determination of Apparent Viscosity Using the Severs
and organosol viscosity at high shear rates by means of an
Rheometer
extrusion viscometer.
3. Summary of Test Method
1.2 Apparent viscosity at low shear rates is covered in Test
Method D1824.
3.1 The sample is conditioned to the proper temperature,
placed into an extrusion chamber, and extruded under standard
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
conditions. The viscosity is calculated from the extrusion
standard. The values in parentheses are given for information
pressure and the rate of flow through the orifice.
only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety
4. Significance and Use
concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the
4.1 The suitability of a dispersion resin for any given
user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
application is dependent upon its viscosity characteristics.
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
4.2 The extrusion viscosity defines the flow behavior of a
tions prior to use.
plastisolororganosolunderhighshear.Thisviscosityrelatesto
NOTE 1—This test method resembles ISO4575-1985 in title only. The
the conditions encountered in mixing, pumping, knife coating,
content is significantly different.
roller coating, and spraying processes.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Apparatus
2.1 ASTM Standards: 4
5.1 Extrusion Rheometer.
D1475Test Method For Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,
5.2 Orifice, 3.17 6 0.13 mm (0.125 6 0.005 in.) inside
and Related Products
diameter and 50 6 1.0 mm (1.97 6 0.04 in.) long.
D1755Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Resins
D1824Test Method forApparentViscosity of Plastisols and
5.3 Sample Containers, Tin Cans, or Glass Jars, 1-pt
Organosols at Low Shear Rates
(500-mL) capacity.
E1Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
5.4 Paper Cups, 8-oz (250-mL) capacity.
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
5.5 Nitrogen Cylinder,equippedwithpressureregulatorand
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
gage.
5.6 Thermometer—ASTM Solvents Distillation Thermom-
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20onPlastics
eter having a range from−2 to+52°C (28 to 126°F) and
andisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD20.15onThermoplasticMaterials
(Section D20.15.08).
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009. Published January 2010. Originally Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D1823–95 (2001). 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
DOI: 10.1520/D1823-95R09. The sole source of supply of the Burrell Severs, Model A-120 known to the
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or committee at this time is Burrell Corp., 2223 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15219. If
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a
the ASTM website. meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D1823 − 95 (2009)
conforming to the requirements for Thermometer 37C as 7.9 Clean the orifice between runs using pipe cleaners that
prescribed in Specification E1. Use of temperature measuring have been wetted with mineral spirits. Take care that the inner
devices such as liquid-in-glass thermometers, thermocouples, surface of the orifice does not become scratched.After rinsing
or platinum resistance thermometers having equivalent or with mineral spirits, dry the orifice in air.
better accuracy and precision, while covering the temperature
8. Calculation
range of Thermometer 37C shall be permitted.
8.1 Calculate the shear stress, shear rate, and viscosity as
5.7 Timer.
follows:
6. Conditioning Shearstress, MPa orpsi 5 PR/2L (1)
~ !
6.1 Maintain the plastisol or organosol samples at 236 1°C where:
(73 6 2 °F) and 50 6 5% relative humidity at all times after
P = pressure in rheometer, MPa (or psi),
mixing and throughout the period of viscosity determinations.
R = radius of orifice, cm (in.), and
L = length of orifice, cm (in.)
7. Procedure
21 3
Shearrate, s 5 4W/3.1416R DT (2)
7.1 Set Up Rheometer—Attach the pressure regulator to the
where:
nitrogentank.Connectthenitrogensupplytotherheometerby
W = weight of material effluxed, g,
means of the copper tubing. Do not use oxygen or liquid
D = density of the sample, determined in accordance with
pressuresources(Note2).Setthethree-wayquick-actingvalve
TestMethodD1475,exceptconvertlb/galtog/mL,and
totheINposition.Regulatethetankpressuretogive1.04MPa
T = efflux time, s.
(150 psi) pressure to the instrument. Do not use input or line
NOTE 3—The preferred practice is to determine both the density and
pressure over 1.38 MPa (200 psi). Insert the medium-size
efflux time on deaerated material. If the efflux time of undeaerated
orifice (approximately 3.2 mm ( ⁄8 in.) inside diameter) in the
material is specifically desired, the determination of density on an
orifice retaining cap, with the orifice and the barrel, then screw
undeaerated sample may also be desirable.
the cap solidly in place. Mount the barrel in the instrument.
Viscosity, pascalseconds 5 shearstress/shearrate 310 (3)
~ !
NOTE 2—Air may be used instead of nitrogen.
ifshearstressisinMPa.
7.2 Weigh four empty paper cups for each sample to be
tested. Record tare weight of each cup to the nearest 0.1 g. Fill
Viscosity, poises 5 ~shearstress/shearrate! 36.895 310
thebarrelwiththesampletobetestedtowithin13mm( ⁄2in.)
ifshearstressisinpsi.
from the top of the barrel. Measure the sample temperature.
7.3 Insert the top air cap and gasket into the air cap ring, 9. Report
screwitinplaceontopofthebarrel,andconnecttheairsupply
9.1 The report shall include the following:
quick-connector.
9.1.1 Complete sample identification,
7.4 Settherheometerregulatorgage(ontherightsideofthe 9.1.2 Test temperature as measured in,
9.1.3 Conditioning time, and
instrument) to 0.069 MPa (10 psi) pressure. Open the three-
way quick-acting valve to the OUTposition and allow the mix 9.1.4 Extrusion viscosity, in pascal seconds (or poises);
shearrate,inreciprocalseconds;andshearstress,inpascals(or
to extrude into an unweighed paper cup for 10 s. Adjust the
gage pressure back to 0.069 MPa (10 psi). pounds-force per square inch), for each of the four pressures
(0.069, 0.28, 0.48, and 0.69 MPa (or 10, 40, 70, and 100 psi)).
7.5 Quicklyplaceapreweighedandlabeledpapercupunder
the nozzle and at the same time start the timer. Collect the NOTE4—Ifonlyoneviscosi
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