ASTM D5023-23
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Flexure (Three-Point Bending)
Standard Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Flexure (Three-Point Bending)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a simple means of characterizing the thermomechanical behavior of plastic compositions using very small amounts of material. The data obtained is used for quality control, research and development as well as the establishment of optimum processing conditions.
5.2 Dynamic mechanical testing provides a sensitive means for determining thermomechanical characteristics by measuring the elastic and loss moduli as a function of frequency, temperature, or time. Plots of moduli and tan delta of a material versus these variables can be used to provide a graphical representation indicative of functional properties, effectiveness of cure (thermosetting resin system), and damping behavior under specified conditions.
5.2.1 Observed data are specific to experimental conditions. Reporting in full (as described in this test method) the conditions under which the data was obtained is essential to assist users with interpreting the data an reconciling apparent or perceived discrepancies.
5.3 This test method can be used to assess:
5.3.1 Modulus as a function of temperature,
5.3.2 Modulus as a function of frequency,
5.3.3 The effects of processing treatment,
5.3.4 Relative resin behavioral properties, including cure and damping.
5.3.5 The effects of substrate types and orientation (fabrication) on modulus,
5.3.6 The effects of formulation additives which might affect processability or performance,
5.3.7 The effects of annealing on modulus and glass transition temperature,
5.3.8 The effect of aspect ratio on the modulus of fiber reinforcements, and
5.3.9 The effect of fillers, additives on modulus and glass transition temperature.
5.4 Before proceeding with this test method, refer to the specification of the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, or testing parameters, or combination thereof, covered in the relevant ASTM materials specification shall take precedence over those m...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method outlines the use of dynamic mechanical instrumentation for determining and reporting the visco-elastic properties of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins and composite systems in the form of rectangular bars molded directly or cut from sheets, plates, or molded shapes. The data generated, using three-point bending techniques, is used to identify the thermomechanical properties of a plastic material or compositions using a variety of dynamic mechanical instruments.
1.2 This test method is intended to provide means for determining the viscoelastic properties of a wide variety of plastics materials using nonresonant, forced-vibration techniques in accordance with Practice D4065. Plots of the elastic (storage) modulus; loss (viscous) modulus; complex modulus and tan delta as a function of frequency, time, or temperature are indicative of significant transitions in the thermomechanical performance of polymeric material systems.
1.3 This test method is valid for a wide range of frequencies, typically from 0.01 Hz to 100 Hz.
1.4 Due to possible instrumentation compliance, the data generated are intended to indicate relative and not necessarily absolute property values.
1.5 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: This test method is equivalent to ISO 6721, Part 5.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established ...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5023 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Flexure (Three-
1
Point Bending)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5023; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1 This test method outlines the use of dynamic mechanical
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
instrumentation for determining and reporting the visco-elastic
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
properties of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins and com-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
posite systems in the form of rectangular bars molded directly
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
or cut from sheets, plates, or molded shapes. The data
generated, using three-point bending techniques, is used to
2. Referenced Documents
identify the thermomechanical properties of a plastic material
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
or compositions using a variety of dynamic mechanical instru-
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
ments.
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
1.2 This test method is intended to provide means for
D4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materi-
determining the viscoelastic properties of a wide variety of
als
plastics materials using nonresonant, forced-vibration tech-
D4065 Practice for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Proper-
niques in accordance with Practice D4065. Plots of the elastic
ties: Determination and Report of Procedures
(storage) modulus; loss (viscous) modulus; complex modulus
D4092 Terminology for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical
and tan delta as a function of frequency, time, or temperature
Properties
are indicative of significant transitions in the thermomechani-
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
cal performance of polymeric material systems.
3
2.2 ISO Standard:
1.3 This test method is valid for a wide range of frequencies,
ISO 6721, Part 5 Plastics—Determination of Dynamic Me-
typically from 0.01 Hz to 100 Hz.
chanical Properties Part 5: Flexural Vibration—Non-
Resonance Method
1.4 Due to possible instrumentation compliance, the data
generated are intended to indicate relative and not necessarily
3. Terminology
absolute property values.
3.1 Definitions—Terms used in this standard are defined in
1.5 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant and
accordance Terminology D4092 and Terminology D883 unless
appropriate for use in engineering design.
otherwise specified. For terms relating to precision and bias
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
and other associated statistical issues, the terms used in this
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
standard are defined in accordance with Terminology E456.
only.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 A specimen of rectangular cross section is tested in
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
flexure as a beam. The bar rests on two supports and is loaded
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
by means of a loading nose midway between the supports.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Using three-point bending, the test specimen is placed in
mechanical linear displacement at fixed frequencies with linear
NOTE 1—This test method is equivalent to ISO 6721, Part 5.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2023. Published November 2023. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D5023 - 15. DOI: Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
10.1520/D5023-23. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohock
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5023 − 15 D5023 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Flexure (Three-
1
Point Bending)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5023; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method outlines the use of dynamic mechanical instrumentation for determining and reporting the visco-elastic
properties of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins and composite systems in the form of rectangular bars molded directly or cut
from sheets, plates, or molded shapes. The data generated, using three-point bending techniques, may be is used to identify the
thermomechanical properties of a plastic material or compositions using a variety of dynamic mechanical instruments.
1.2 This test method is intended to provide means for determining the viscoelastic properties of a wide variety of plastics materials
using nonresonant, forced-vibration techniques in accordance with Practice D4065. Plots of the elastic (storage) modulus; loss
(viscous) modulus; complex modulus and tan delta as a function of frequency, time, or temperature are indicative of significant
transitions in the thermomechanical performance of polymeric material systems.
1.3 This test method is valid for a wide range of frequencies, typically from 0.010.01 Hz to 100 Hz.
1.4 Apparent discrepancies may arise in results obtained under differing experimental conditions. These apparent differences from
results observed in another study can usually be reconciled, without changing the observed data, by reporting in full (as described
in this test method) the conditions under which the data were obtained.
1.4 Due to possible instrumentation compliance, the data generated are intended to indicate relative and not necessarily absolute
property values.
1.5 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthsafety, health, and environmental practices and determine
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—This test method is equivalent to ISO 6721, Part 5.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved July 1, 2015Oct. 1, 2023. Published July 2015November 2023. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 20072015 as
D5023 - 07.D5023 - 15. DOI: 10.1520/D5023-15.10.1520/D5023-23.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5023 − 23
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials
D4065 Practice for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: Determination and Report of Procedures
D4092 Terminology for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
3
2.2 ISO Standard:
ISO 6721, Part 5 Plastics—Determination of Dynamic Mechanical Properties Part 5: Flexural Vibration—Non-Resonance
Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions applicable to this test method refer to Terms used in this standard are defined in accordance
Terminology D4092 and Terminology D883 unless otherwise specified. For terms relating to precision and bias and other
associated statistical issues, the terms used in this standard are defined in accordance with Terminology E456.
4. Summary of Tes
...
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