ASTM F2219-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Measuring High-Speed Bat Performance
Standard Test Methods for Measuring High-Speed Bat Performance
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These test methods offer a laboratory measure of the performance of baseball and softball bats.
Use of these test methods can provide quantitative batted-ball speed and metrics of bat performance.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods define a method for determining bat performance by measuring the bat-ball coefficient of restitution (BBCOR), deriving the ball exit speed ratio (BESR), and calculating a batted-ball speed (BBS). It is applicable to baseball and softball bats of any construction or material. The test methods provide quantitative measures of bat dynamic performance that may be used for comparison purposes.
1.2 The BBCOR, BESR, and BBS are each calculated from measurements taken in the laboratory on test equipment meeting the requirements defined in this specification.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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An American National Standard
Designation: F2219 – 09
Standard Test Methods for
1
Measuring High-Speed Bat Performance
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2219; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 balance point (BP), n—distance to the center of mass
of a bat when measured from the distal end of the bat knob.
1.1 These test methods define a method for determining bat
3.1.2 ball exit speed (V), n—outbound speed of a ball
f
performance by measuring the bat-ball coefficient of restitution
following impact with a bat as defined in these test methods.
(BBCOR), deriving the ball exit speed ratio (BESR), and
3.1.3 ball exit speed ratio (BESR), n—ratio of ball exit
calculating a batted-ball speed (BBS). It is applicable to
1
speed (v ) to ball inbound speed (v) plus ⁄2 , as determined by
baseball and softball bats of any construction or material. The r i
these test methods.
test methods provide quantitative measures of bat dynamic
3.1.4 ball inbound speed (v), n—inbound speed of a ball
performance that may be used for comparison purposes. i
prior to impact with a bat as defined in this test method.
1.2 The BBCOR, BESR, and BBS are each calculated from
3.1.5 bat-ball coeffıcient of restitution (BBCOR)—COR of a
measurements taken in the laboratory on test equipment
specific ball colliding with a bat as defined in these test
meeting the requirements defined in this specification.
methods. See coeffıcient of restitution (COR).
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.1.6 center of percussion (COP), n—also known as the
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
center of oscillation, the length of a simple pendulum with the
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
same period as a physical pendulum, as in a bat oscillating on
and are not considered standard.
a pivot.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.7 coeffıcient of restitution (COR), n—measure of impact
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
efficiency calculated as the relative speed of the objects after
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
impact divided by the relative speed of the objects before
priate safety and health practices and to determine the
impact.
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.8 moment of inertia (MOI), n—measure of mass distri-
2. Referenced Documents
bution relative to an axis of rotation. It is the product of the
2
mass multiplied by the square of the distance to the mass,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
summed over the entire bat.
F1887 Test Method for Measuring the Coefficient of Resti-
tution (COR) of Baseballs and Softballs
4. Significance and Use
F1888 Test Method for Compression-Displacement of
4.1 These test methods offer a laboratory measure of the
Baseballs and Softballs
performance of baseball and softball bats.
F2398 Test Method for Measuring Moment of Inertia and
4.2 Use of these test methods can provide quantitative
Center of Percussion of a Baseball or Softball Bat
batted-ball speed and metrics of bat performance.
3. Terminology
5. Apparatus and Equipment
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
5.1 Test Balls—Official baseballs and softballs approved for
use in the game of baseball or softball and tested in accordance
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on with Table 1.
Sports Equipment and Facilities and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
5.2 Balls specification values are to be recorded and traced
F08.26 on Baseball and Softball Equipment.
to individual balls.
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2009.PublishedJuly2009.Originallyapproved
5.3 Bat-Ball COR Test Apparatus:
in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as F2219 – 07. DOI: 10.1520/
F2219-09.
5.3.1 Ball Cannon—Adevice capable of shooting a softball
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
at speeds at least up to 205.3 ft/s (62.6 m/s, approximately 140
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
mph) for Option 1 or a baseball at speeds at least up to 220 ft/s
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. (67.1 m/s, approximately 150 mph) for Option 2, or both. Balls
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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F2219 – 09
TABLE 1 Ball Specifications
7.1.1 Test balls shall be stored in an env
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:F2219–07 Designation: F 2219 – 09
Standard Test Methods for
1
Measuring High-Speed Bat Performance
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2219; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods define a method for determining bat performance by measuring the bat-ball coefficient of restitution
(BBCOR), deriving the ball exit speed ratio (BESR), and calculating a batted-ball speed (BBS). It is applicable to baseball and
softball bats of any construction or material.The test methods provide quantitative measures of bat dynamic performance that may
be used for comparison purposes.
1.2 The BBCOR, BESR, and BBS are each calculated from measurements taken in the laboratory on test equipment meeting
the requirements defined in this specification.
1.3
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F 1887 Test Method for Measuring the Coefficient of Restitution (COR) of Baseballs and Softballs
F 1888 Test Method for Compression-Displacement of Baseballs and Softballs
F 2398 Test Method for Measuring Moment of Inertia and Center of Percussion of a Baseball or Softball Bat
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 balance point (BP), n—distance to the center of mass of a bat when measured from the distal end of the bat knob.
3.1.2 ball exit speed (V), n—outbound speed of a ball following impact with a bat as defined in these test methods.
f
1
3.1.3 ball exit speed ratio (BESR), n—ratio of ball exit speed (v ) to ball inbound speed (v) plus ⁄2 , as determined by these
r i
test methods.
3.1.4 ball inbound speed (v), n— inbound speed of a ball prior to impact with a bat as defined in this test method.
i
3.1.5 bat-ball coeffıcient of restitution (BBCOR)—COR of a specific ball colliding with a bat as defined in these test methods.
See coeffıcient of restitution (COR).
3.1.6 center of percussion (COP), n—also known as the center of oscillation, the length of a simple pendulum with the same
period as a physical pendulum, as in a bat oscillating on a pivot.
3.1.7 coeffıcient of restitution (COR), n— measure of impact efficiency calculated as the relative speed of the objects after
impact divided by the relative speed of the objects before impact.
3.1.8 moment of inertia (MOI), n—measure of mass distribution relative to an axis of rotation. It is the product of the mass
multiplied by the square of the distance to the mass, summed over the entire bat.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 These test methods offer a laboratory measure of the performance of baseball and softball bats.
4.2 Use of these test methods can provide quantitative batted-ball speed and metrics of bat performance.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports Equipment and Facilities and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.26
on Baseball and Softball Equipment.
Current edition approved Oct.June 1, 2007.2009. Published November 2007.July 2009. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 20052007 as
F 2219 – 057.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2219–09
5. Apparatus and Equipment
5.1 Test Balls—Officialbaseballsandsoftballsapprovedforuseinthegameofbaseballorsoftballandtestedinaccordancewith
Table 1.
5.2 Balls specification values are to be recorded and traced to individual balls.
5.3 Bat-Ball COR Test Apparatus :
5.3.1 Ball Cannon—Adevic
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