ASTM E2112-18a
(Practice)Standard Practice for Installation of Exterior Windows, Doors and Skylights
Standard Practice for Installation of Exterior Windows, Doors and Skylights
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice recognizes that the effective performance of installed fenestration products is dependent in part upon following proper installation procedures and appropriate workmanship.
4.2 This practice recognizes that the coordination of trades and proper sequencing are essential for effective fenestration installation. The general contractor shall be responsible for the necessary coordination of trades and proper construction sequencing of the installed fenestration product.
4.3 Improper installation of units contributes to excessive air, water and sound leakage, and condensation. It may promote the deterioration of wall constructions, insulation, fenestration products, and their respective finishes.
4.4 This practice presumes a working knowledge of applicable federal, state, and local codes and regulations; specifically, but not limited to required means of egress, requirements for safety glazing materials, and structural requirements of applicable codes.
4.5 This practice presumes a working knowledge of the tools, equipment, and methods necessary for the installation of specified fenestration products. It further assumes familiarity with flashing and sealing, glazing procedures, finishes where applicable, and an understanding of the fundamentals of construction that affect the installation of these units.
4.6 This practice presumes that the products that have been furnished for the installation and their locations within the structure comply with all the applicable building codes and regulations.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the installation of fenestration products in new and existing construction. For the purpose of this practice, fenestration products shall be limited to windows, sliding patio-type doors, swinging patio type doors, and skylights, as used primarily in residential and light commercial buildings.
1.2 This practice assumes that the installer possesses basic woodworking skills and an understanding of wall and roof construction, sheet metal work, and joint sealant practices.
1.3 This practice attempts to instruct and familiarize the installer with the concepts of both Barrier Systems and Membrane/Drainage Systems, in order to ensure the continuity of the building envelope. This practice attempts to educate the installer, builder, architect, and other users in the identification and understanding of the water shedding system of the building envelope.
1.4 This practice covers the installation process from pre-installation procedures through post-installation procedures, for single units or factory-mulled multiple units in a single opening. It does not cover the fabrication or assembly of multiple units, whether such fabrication takes place in a factory or at the intended installation site. The installer should check with the manufacturer of factory-assembled units for instructions for anchoring. When using field-mulled units, follow manufacturer's recommendations and make certain that they meet applicable codes. This practice does not cover the selection of appropriate fenestration products for a given application, nor the selection of other products or systems for use in the installation.
1.5 This practice provides minimum requirements that will help to accomplish the installation of fenestration products in an effective manner. Actual conditions in buildings vary greatly and, in some cases, substantial additional precautions may be required. In the event that the manufacturer's installation instructions provided with the product conflict with requirements of this practice, the manufacturer's instructions shall prevail. This practice is not intended to limit or exclude other new procedures that may refine or further improve the effectiveness of fenestration installation.
1.5.1 This practice is intended to be used for background information in order to develop training manuals and training programs. Further, this practice attempts to cons...
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Designation: E2112 − 18a
Standard Practice for
1
Installation of Exterior Windows, Doors and Skylights
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2112; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This document is intended to provide technical guidance to organizations that are developing
training programs for installers of fenestration units in low-rise residential and light commercial
structures. The majority of fenestration units selected for installation in these types of structures are
certified as meeting specified performance characteristics in standardized laboratory testing. Experi-
ence indicates, however, that the performance of fenestration installations is frequently significantly
inferiortotheperformanceofthemanufacturedunitsinlaboratorytesting.Installationoffenestration
units can significantly influence in-service performance.
The requirements promulgated in this practice have, by consensus, (of individuals with specialized
knowledge concerning installation of fenestration units) been identified as necessary to ensure that
as-installed performance is roughly equivalent to performance in laboratory testing. The task group
responsible for development of this practice recognizes that building owners sometimes, accept as
adequate,in-serviceperformanceoffenestrationinstallationsthataresignificantlyinferiorthoseofthe
units in laboratory testing. This practice is not intended for use in such circumstances, where owner
expectations are modest. The intent of this practice is to provide guidance to those concerned with
ensuringthatas-installedperformanceiscomparabletothecapabilitiesoftheunitsinstalledforasolid
majority of installations.
A particularly noticeable behavior that indicates deficiencies in installation is rainwater leakage.
Rainwaterleakagehasbeentheleadingreasonfordissatisfactionofbuildingownerswithperformance
of fenestration installations. For this reason, this practice places greater emphasis on preventing or
limiting rainwater leakage than on any other single performance characteristic.
This practice emphasizes that the water-shedding surfaces of fenestration units must be adequately
integrated with adjacent water-shedding surfaces of the building envelope. It does not, however,
attempt to promulgate requirements for water-shedding surfaces of building envelopes other than
those interfacing with fenestration units.The standard assumes that the basic design of the building’s
water-sheddingsystemisadequate,thatis,thateither(1)thereisahighprobabilitythattheoutermost
building surface will dependably prevent all water entry, or (2) the building envelope incorporates an
effective concealed barrier that will dependably prevent further intrusion of incidental water that
breachestheoutermostsurface.Thepracticefurtherassumesthatfenestrationunitscanbedependably
sealed to, and integrated with, at least one of these surfaces. If the basic design of the building’s
water-shedding system is inadequate, or does not allow for reliable integration of fenestration units
into it, competent installation of the units is unlikely to nullify these deficiencies.
1. Scope thispractice,fenestrationproductsshallbelimitedtowindows,
sliding patio-type doors, swinging patio type doors, and
1.1 This practice covers the installation of fenestration
skylights,asusedprimarilyinresidentialandlightcommercial
products in new and existing construction. For the purpose of
buildings.
1.2 This practice assumes that the installer possesses basic
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This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Perfor-
woodworking skills and an understanding of wall and roof
mance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51 on
Performance of Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls. construction, sheet metal work, and joint sealant practices.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018. Published December 2018. Originally
1.3 This practice attempts to instruct and familiarize the
approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as E2112–18. DOI:
10.1520/E2112–18A. installer with the concepts of both Barrier Systems and
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E2112 − 18a
Membrane/DrainageSystems,inordertoensurethecontinuity conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
of the building envelope. This practice attempts to educate the and are not considered standard.
installer, builder, architect, and other users in the identificati
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2112 − 18 E2112 − 18a
Standard Practice for
1
Installation of Exterior Windows, Doors and Skylights
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2112; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This document is intended to provide technical guidance to organizations that are developing
training programs for installers of fenestration units in low-rise residential and light commercial
structures. The majority of fenestration units selected for installation in these types of structures are
certified as meeting specified performance characteristics in standardized laboratory testing. Experi-
ence indicates, however, that the performance of fenestration installations is frequently significantly
inferior to the performance of the manufactured units in laboratory testing. Installation of fenestration
units can significantly influence in-service performance.
The requirements promulgated in this practice have, by consensus, (of individuals with specialized
knowledge concerning installation of fenestration units) been identified as necessary to ensure that
as-installed performance is roughly equivalent to performance in laboratory testing. The task group
responsible for development of this practice recognizes that building owners sometimes, accept as
adequate, in-service performance of fenestration installations that are significantly inferior those of the
units in laboratory testing. This practice is not intended for use in such circumstances, where owner
expectations are modest. The intent of this practice is to provide guidance to those concerned with
ensuring that as-installed performance is comparable to the capabilities of the units installed for a solid
majority of installations.
A particularly noticeable behavior that indicates deficiencies in installation is rainwater leakage.
Rainwater leakage has been the leading reason for dissatisfaction of building owners with performance
of fenestration installations. For this reason, this practice places greater emphasis on preventing or
limiting rainwater leakage than on any other single performance characteristic.
This practice emphasizes that the water-shedding surfaces of fenestration units must be adequately
integrated with adjacent water-shedding surfaces of the building envelope. It does not, however,
attempt to promulgate requirements for water-shedding surfaces of building envelopes other than
those interfacing with fenestration units. The standard assumes that the basic design of the building’s
water-shedding system is adequate, that is, that either (1) there is a high probability that the outermost
building surface will dependably prevent all water entry, or (2) the building envelope incorporates an
effective concealed barrier that will dependably prevent further intrusion of incidental water that
breaches the outermost surface. The practice further assumes that fenestration units can be dependably
sealed to, and integrated with, at least one of these surfaces. If the basic design of the building’s
water-shedding system is inadequate, or does not allow for reliable integration of fenestration units
into it, competent installation of the units is unlikely to nullify these deficiencies.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the installation of fenestration products in new and existing construction. For the purpose of this
practice, fenestration products shall be limited to windows, sliding patio-type doors, swinging patio type doors, and skylights, as
used primarily in residential and light commercial buildings.
1.2 This practice assumes that the installer possesses basic woodworking skills and an understanding of wall and roof
construction, sheet metal work, and joint sealant practices.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51 on Performance
of Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls.
Current edition approved April 1, 2018Nov. 1, 2018. Published April 2018December 2018. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 20162018 as
E2112 – 07 (2016).E2112–18. DOI: 10.1520/E2112-18.10.1520/E2112–18A.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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