ASTM D4195-23
(Guide)Standard Guide for Water Analysis for Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Application
Standard Guide for Water Analysis for Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Application
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The performance of RO or NF membranes is strongly influenced by the composition of the feed solution. Overall salt rejection is dependent upon the ratio of monovalent to polyvalent ions as well as the sum total of ions present. The permeate flow rate of RO or NF devices is also dependent upon the sum total of the ions present and the operating temperature, pressure, and recovery rate. Analyses and measurements performed in this guide will provide vital data for salt rejection and permeate flow projections of RO or NF systems for specific feedwaters.
5.2 The recovery at which a RO or NF system can be safely operated is dependent upon the composition of the feed solution. The analyses and measurements performed in this guide will provide data for the calculation of the maximum recovery of a RO or NF system for a given feed solution.
5.3 The analyses and measurements performed in this guide will be of great assistance in determining the pretreatment requirements for a RO or NF system on a given feedwater.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the analyses that should be performed on any given water sample if reverse osmosis (RO) or nanofiltration (NF) application is being considered. (See also Test Methods D511, D512, D513, D516, D858, D859, D888, D1068, D1179, D1253, D1293, D1889, D3352, D3370, D3561, D3867, D4189, D4194, and D4382.)
1.2 This guide is applicable to waters including brackish waters and seawaters but is not necessarily applicable to waste waters.
1.3 This is a guide only and should not be construed as a delineation of all ions known to exist in waters.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4195 − 23
Standard Guide for
Water Analysis for Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration
1
Application
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4195; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D512 Test Methods for Chloride Ion In Water
D513 Test Methods for Total and Dissolved Carbon Dioxide
1.1 This guide covers the analyses that should be performed
in Water
on any given water sample if reverse osmosis (RO) or
D516 Test Method for Sulfate Ion in Water
nanofiltration (NF) application is being considered. (See also
D857 Test Method for Aluminum in Water
Test Methods D511, D512, D513, D516, D858, D859, D888,
D858 Test Methods for Manganese in Water
D1068, D1179, D1253, D1293, D1889, D3352, D3370,
D859 Test Method for Silica in Water
D3561, D3867, D4189, D4194, and D4382.)
D888 Test Methods for Dissolved Oxygen in Water
1.2 This guide is applicable to waters including brackish
D1068 Test Methods for Iron in Water
waters and seawaters but is not necessarily applicable to waste
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
waters.
D1179 Test Methods for Fluoride Ion in Water
1.3 This is a guide only and should not be construed as a D1253 Test Method for Residual Chlorine in Water
delineation of all ions known to exist in waters. D1293 Test Methods for pH of Water
D1889 Test Method for Turbidity of Water (Withdrawn
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3
2007)
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
D2579 Test Method for Total Organic Carbon in Water
standard.
3
(Withdrawn 2002)
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D3352 Test Method for Strontium Ion in Brackish Water,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Seawater, and Brines
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Flowing Process
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Streams
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D3561 Test Method for Lithium, Potassium, and Sodium
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
Ions in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines by Atomic
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Absorption Spectrophotometry
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
D3867 Test Methods for Nitrite-Nitrate in Water
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
D4189 Test Method for Silt Density Index (SDI) of Water
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
D4194 Test Methods for Operating Characteristics of Re-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
verse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Devices
D4382 Test Method for Barium in Water, Atomic Absorption
2. Referenced Documents
Spectrophotometry, Graphite Furnace
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D6161 Terminology Used for Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration,
D511 Test Methods for Calcium and Magnesium In Water
Nanofiltration, and Reverse Osmosis Membrane Processes
4
2.2 APHA Standards:
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and is
APHA Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.08 on Membranes and Ion Exchange
Materials.
Wastewater, Sixteenth Edition, 1985, pp. 470–478, Part
Current edition approved April 1, 2023. Published April 2023. Originally
427, Sulfite
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D4195 – 08 (2014)
which was withdrawn January 2023 and reinstated in April 2023. DOI: 10.1520/
D4195-23.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM www.astm.org.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American Public Health Association (APHA), 800 I Street, NW
the ASTM website. Washington, DC 20001, http://www.apha.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D4195 − 23
3. Terminology in accordance with the documents referenced in Section 2 of
this guide. The results may be expressed as (a) mg/L as the ion;
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this guide,
(b) mg/L as calcium carbonate; or (c) meq/L as the ion.
refer
...
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