ASTM D7392-07
(Practice)Standard Practice for PM Detector and Bag Leak Detector Manufacturers to Certify Conformance with Design and Performance Specifications for Cement Plants
Standard Practice for PM Detector and Bag Leak Detector Manufacturers to Certify Conformance with Design and Performance Specifications for Cement Plants
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedure for certifying particulate matter detectors (PMDs) and bag leak detectors (BLDs) that are used to monitor particulate matter (PM) emissions from kiln systems at Portland cement plants that burn hazardous waste. It includes design specifications, performance specifications, test procedures, and information requirements to ensure that these continuous monitors meet minimum requirements, necessary in part, to monitor reliably PM concentrations to indicate the need for inspection or corrective action of the types of air pollution control devices that are used at Portland cement plants that burn hazardous waste.
1.2 This practice applies specifically to the original manufacturer, or to those involved in the repair, remanufacture, or resale of PMDs or BLDs.
1.3 This practice applies to (a) wet or dry process cement kilns equipped with electrostatic precipitators, and (b) dry process kilns, including pre-heater pre-calciner kiln systems, equipped with fabric filter controls. Some types of monitoring instruments are suitable for only certain types of applications.Note 1
This practice has been developed based on careful consideration of the nature and variability of PM concentrations, effluent conditions, and the type, configuration, and operating characteristics of air pollution control devices used at Portland cement plants that burn hazardous waste.
1.4 This practice applies to Portland cement kiln systems subject to PM emission standards contained in 40 CFR 63, Subpart EEE.Note 2
The level of the PM emission limit is relevant to the design and selection of appropriate PMD and BLD instrumentation. The current promulgated PM emission standards (70 FR 59402, Oct. 12, 2005) are: (a) 65 mg/dscm at 7 % O2 (0.028 gr/dscf at 7 % O2) or approximately 30 mg/acm (0.013 gr/acf) for "existing sources" and (b) 5.3 mg/dscm at 7 % O2 (0.0023 gr/dscf at 7 % O 2) or approximately 2.5 mg/acm (0.001 gr/acf) for "new sources." On March 23, 2006 (71 FR 14665) EPA proposed to revise the PM standard for new cement plants to 15.9 mg/dscm at 7 % O2 (0.0069 gr/dscf at 7 % O2), or about 6-9 mg/acm (0.0026-0.0039 gr/acf). The emission standards may change in future rulemakings, so users of this practice should check the current regulations. Some types of monitoring instruments are not suitable for use over the range of emissions encountered at both new and existing sources.
1.5 The specifications and test procedures contained in this practice exceed those of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). For each monitoring device that the manufacturer demonstrates conformance to this practice, the manufacturer may issue a certificate that states that monitoring device conforms with all of the applicable design and performance requirements of this practice and also meets all applicable requirements for PMDs or BLDs at 40 CFR 63, Subpart EEE, which apply to Portland cement plants.Note 3
40 CFR 63.1206 (c)(8) and (9) requires that BLDs and PMDs "be certified by the manufacturer to be capable of detecting particulate matter emissions at concentrations of 1.0 milligrams per actual cubic meter unless you demonstrate under 63.1209(g), that a higher detection limit would routinely detect particulate matter loadings during normal operations." This practice includes specific procedures for determination and reporting of the detection limit for each PMD or BLD model.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:D7392 −07
StandardPractice for
PM Detector and Bag Leak Detector Manufacturers to
Certify Conformance with Design and Performance
Specifications for Cement Plants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7392; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
revise the PM standard for new cement plants to 15.9 mg/dscm at 7 % O
1. Scope
(0.0069 gr/dscf at 7 % O ), or about 6-9 mg/acm (0.0026-0.0039 gr/acf).
1.1 This practice covers the procedure for certifying par-
Theemissionstandardsmaychangeinfuturerulemakings,sousersofthis
ticulate matter detectors (PMDs) and bag leak detectors practice should check the current regulations. Some types of monitoring
instruments are not suitable for use over the range of emissions encoun-
(BLDs) that are used to monitor particulate matter (PM)
tered at both new and existing sources.
emissions from kiln systems at Portland cement plants that
burn hazardous waste. It includes design specifications, perfor- 1.5 The specifications and test procedures contained in this
practice exceed those of the United States Environmental
mance specifications, test procedures, and information require-
ments to ensure that these continuous monitors meet minimum Protection Agency (USEPA). For each monitoring device that
the manufacturer demonstrates conformance to this practice,
requirements, necessary in part, to monitor reliably PM con-
centrations to indicate the need for inspection or corrective the manufacturer may issue a certificate that states that
monitoring device conforms with all of the applicable design
action of the types of air pollution control devices that are used
at Portland cement plants that burn hazardous waste. and performance requirements of this practice and also meets
all applicable requirements for PMDs or BLDs at 40 CFR 63,
1.2 This practice applies specifically to the original
Subpart EEE, which apply to Portland cement plants.
manufacturer,ortothoseinvolvedintherepair,remanufacture,
or resale of PMDs or BLDs. NOTE 3—40 CFR 63.1206 (c)(8) and (9) requires that BLDs and PMDs
“be certified by the manufacturer to be capable of detecting particulate
1.3 This practice applies to (a) wet or dry process cement
matter emissions at concentrations of 1.0 milligrams per actual cubic
kilns equipped with electrostatic precipitators, and (b ) dry
meter unless you demonstrate under §63.1209(g), that a higher detection
process kilns, including pre-heater pre-calciner kiln systems, limit would routinely detect particulate matter loadings during normal
operations.” This practice includes specific procedures for determination
equipped with fabric filter controls. Some types of monitoring
and reporting of the detection limit for each PMD or BLD model.
instruments are suitable for only certain types of applications.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
NOTE 1—This practice has been developed based on careful consider-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ation of the nature and variability of PM concentrations, effluent
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
conditions,andthetype,configuration,andoperatingcharacteristicsofair
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
pollution control devices used at Portland cement plants that burn
hazardous waste.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This practice applies to Portland cement kiln systems
2. Referenced Documents
subject to PM emission standards contained in 40 CFR 63,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Subpart EEE.
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
NOTE 2—The level of the PM emission limit is relevant to the design
Atmospheres
and selection of appropriate PMD and BLD instrumentation. The current
D6216 Practice for Opacity Monitor Manufacturers to Cer-
promulgatedPMemissionstandards(70FR59402,Oct.12,2005)are:(a)
tify Conformance with Design and Performance Specifi-
65 mg/dscm at 7 % O (0.028 gr/dscf at 7 % O ) or approximately 30
2 2
mg/acm (0.013 gr/acf) for “existing sources” and (b) 5.3 mg/dscm at 7 %
cations
O (0.0023gr/dscfat7 %O )orapproximately2.5mg/acm(0.001gr/acf)
2 2
D6831 Test Method for Sampling and Determining Particu-
for “new sources.” On March 23, 2006 (71 FR 14665) EPA proposed to
late Matter in Stack Gases Using an In-Stack, Inertial
Microbalance
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD22AirQualityand
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.03Ambient Atmospheres and For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Source Emissions. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2007. Published November 2007. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D7392-07. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7392−07
2.2 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Documents scatter), and probe electrification (sensors based on induction,
40 CFR 63, Subpart EEE National Emission Standards for contact charge transfer, or combination of effects).
Hazardous Air Pollutants: Final Standards for Hazardous
NOTE 4—Extractive systems using Beta attenuation to sense PM
Air Pollutants for Hazardous Waste Combustors
deposited on filters are used as PM CEMS but can not meet the sampling
and analysis frequency required by EPAregulations for PMDs and BLDs.
2.3 Other Documents
ISO/DIS 9004 Quality Management and Quality System
3.2.2.3 Discussion—PMD and BLD instruments that con-
Elements-Guidelines
form to the requirements of this practice include automated
ANSI/NCSL Z 540-1-1994 Calibration Laboratories and
internalmechanismsthatareusedtoverifyproperperformance
Measuring Equipment - General Requirements
of the measurement device on a daily basis, or more frequent
basis if recommended by the manufacturer. PMD instruments
3. Terminology
include mechanisms to facilitate external periodic audits of the
3.1 For terminology relevant to this practice, see Terminol-
measured parameter.
ogy D1356.
3.2.3 light-scatter, n—the extent to which a beam of light is
3.1.1 Definitions for transmittance measurement equipment
reflected, refracted, or diffracted via interaction with PM in a
(that is, opacity monitors) are provided in Practice D6216.
medium such that a measurable portion of the original beam’s
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: energy is redirected outside the original angle of projection.
3.2.3.1 Discussion—Back-scatter is generically defined as
Analyzer Equipment
scattering in excess of 150 degrees from the direction of the
3.2.1 bag leak detector [BLD], n—an instrument installed
original projected beam, side-scatter is generically defined as
downstream of a fabric filter control device that interacts with
scattering between 30 degrees and 150 degrees from the
a PM-laden effluent stream and produces an output signal of
original direction, and forward-scatter is generically defined as
sufficient accuracy and repeatability to track changes in PM
scattering of less than 30 degrees from the projected beam.
control device performance and, together with appropriate data
3.2.3.2 Discussion—Because the correlation between the
analysis, indicates the need to inspect the fabric filter as
intensity and angular distribution of light scattering and the
referenced in the Federal Register, 40 CFR 63, Subpart EEE.
actual PM mass concentration is dependent on factors such as
BLDs are used to track rapid changes in PM concentration and
particle size, particle shape, wavelength of light, particle
must have sufficient dynamic range to track both “peaks” and
density, etc., this practice is limited to: (a) verification of the
baseline PM levels and include provisions for adjusting the
stability, linearity, and interference rejection of the measure-
averaging period, alarm delay, and alarm set point appropriate
ment of scattered light, and (b) verification of the instrument
for source-specific conditions. BLDs must also include provi-
sensitivity and detection limit. This practice does not recom-
sions to detect faults or malfunctions of the measurement
mend any specific light-scattering technology, and leaves the
system.
evaluation of the application to the discretion of the user of a
3.2.2 particulate matter detector [PMD], n— an instrument
BLD or PMD.
that interacts with a PM-laden effluent stream and produces an
3.2.3.3 Discussion—A light-scatter BLD or PMD may in-
output signal of significant accuracy and repeatability so as to
clude the following: (a) sample interface equipment such as
indicate significant changes in the concentration of particulate
filters and purge air blowers to protect the instrument and
material entrained in the effluent downstream of an electro-
minimize contamination of exposed optical surfaces, (b) shut-
static precipitator or fabric filter as referenced in the Federal
ters or other devices to provide protection during power
Register, 40 CFR 63, Subpart EEE. PMDs are used to track
outages or failure of the sample interface, and (c) a remote
changes in PM concentrations using six-hour rolling averages,
control unit to facilitate monitoring the output of the
updated each hour with a new one-hour block average. PMDs
instrument, initiation of zero and upscale calibration checks, or
must also include provisions to activate an alarm and detect
control of other BLD or PMD functions.
faults or malfunctions of the measurement system.
3.2.4 dynamic opacity, n—the amount of light variation
3.2.2.1 Discussion—PMDs and BLDs are inherently infer-
caused by particles traversing a cross-stack beam of transmit-
ential monitoring devices that sense some parameter which, in
ted light.
the absence of interfering effects, is directly related to PM
3.2.4.1 Discussion—Dynamic opacity instruments measure
concentrations.
the alternating component of the transmitted light and are
3.2.2.2 Discussion—This practice does not discriminate be-
sometimes referred to as scintillation instruments.
tween measurement techniques but instead provides design
3.2.4.2 Discussion—In certain dynamic instruments the
specifications and performance standards that all devices must
measured alternating signal (light variation) is divided by the
satisfy to be acceptable as a PMD or BLD for a cement kiln
average transmitted light intensity signal to provide a ratio
that burns hazardous waste. Techniques for continuously mea-
measurement. This ratio is unaffected by optics contamination.
suring PM include optical transmittance (“opacity”), dynamic
3.2.5 probe electrification, n—methods by which the charge
opacity (“scintillation”), optical scatter (side, forward and back
carried on PM creates a signal in a grounded sensing rod
through charge induction, contact, or combination.
3.2.5.1 Discussion—Probe electrification instruments mea-
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org. sure the current produced by charged particles passing or
D7392−07
impacting a grounded sensing rod. Certain instruments mea- Analyzer Zero Adjustments and Devices
sure the DC component of the signal, theAC component of the
3.2.9 external zero audit device, n—an external device for
signal or both the DC and AC components of the signal.
checking the zero alignment or performance of the measure-
3.2.5.2 Discussion—Probeelectrificationinstrumentscanbe
ment system either by simulating with a surrogate the zero-PM
used after fabric filters where the particle charge is relatively
condition for a specific installed BLD or PMD or by creating
constant. The influence of changing velocity should be consid-
the actual zero-particulate condition.
ered when considering using probe electrification devices in
3.2.10 internal zero performance check device, n—an auto-
applications with variable speed fans or variable flow.
mated mechanism within a BLD or PMD that simulates a zero
3.2.6 BLD or PMD measuring volume, n—thespatialregion PM condition while the instrument is installed on a stack or
duct using a surrogate appropriate to the measurement tech-
in which the particles interact with the instrument to produce a
nique.
measurable signal.
3.2.10.1 Discussion—The internal zero performance check
3.2.6.1 Discussion—For light scattering or transmittance
device may be used to check zero drift daily, or more
instruments, the measuring volume is the spatial region where
frequently if recommended by the manufacturer, and whenever
the projected light and the field of view of the detector optics
necessary (for example, after corrective actions or repairs) to
overlap in which the PM concentration can be detected via
assess BLD or PMD performance.
scattering of light or reduction of transmittance. For probe
3.2.10.2 Discussion—The proper response to either the
electrification instruments the measuring volume is the area
external zero audit device or the internal zero performance
near the sensing probe.
check device are established with the PMD set up in a clean
3.2.7 nominal full scale, n—the default, as-shipped full
environment and in such a way that no interference or stray
scale calibration of a BLD or PMD, based on standard gains
signal reaches the detector. The internal zero performance
and offset settings established during field performance tests
check device thereby provides the surrogate, simulated zero
under Section 7.
PMconditionwhilethePMDisinserviceandtheexternalzero
3.2.7.1 Discussion—The nominal full scale (NFS) will be
audit device provides a check, which is independent of the
determined by the manufacturer by means of data taken as part
internal zero performance check, of the proper performance of
of the verification of instrument sensitivity and detection limit
the PMD.
on at least one representative cement kiln installation.
3.2.11 zero alignment, n—the process of establishing the
3.2.8 BLD or PMD model, n—a specific BLD or PMD
quantitativerelationshipbetweentheinternalzeroperformance
configuration identified by the specific measurement system check device and the zero PM responses of a PMD.
design, including: (a) the use of specific source, detector(s),
3.2.12 zero compensation, n—an automatic adjustment of
lenses, mirrors, and other components, (b) the physical ar-
theBLDorPMDtoachievethecorrectresponsetotheinternal
rangement of principal components, (c) the specific elec
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