ASTM F2879-14
(Specification)Standard Specification for Eye Protective Devices for Airsoft Sports
Standard Specification for Eye Protective Devices for Airsoft Sports
SCOPE
1.1 This specification applies to eye protective devices (EPDs) designed for use by participants in the sport of air soft with 6-mm air soft projectiles. These EPDs are designed to minimize or significantly reduce injury to the eye and adnexa as a result of impact and penetration of air soft projectiles.
1.2 When air soft guns are used for target practice with a paper or gel target and a backstop sufficient to prevent ricochet, shooters may wear eye protection (shooting glasses) appropriate for use with firearms, ball bullet (BB) guns or air guns that meet ANSI Z87.1. The balance of this specification applies to EPDs designed for use by participants in tactical sports using air soft guns.
1.3 EPDs meeting the requirements of this specification offer protection to the eyes and adnexa and not necessarily to any other parts of the head.
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This specification does not limit the wearing of eyeglasses or contact lenses when used in conjunction with the EPD based on the information provided by the manufacturer in section 9.2.21.
1.6 The following information is provided for the laboratory conducting the test for the protection of their personnel: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:F2879 −14
StandardSpecification for
Eye Protective Devices for Airsoft Sports
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2879; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1003Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance
of Transparent Plastics
1.1 This specification applies to eye protective devices
F2679Specification for 6 mm Projectiles Used with Low
(EPDs) designed for use by participants in the sport of air soft
Energy Air Guns
with 6-mm air soft projectiles. These EPDs are designed to
F2748Specification for Low Energy Air Guns
minimize or significantly reduce injury to the eye and adnexa
2.2 ANSI Standards:
as a result of impact and penetration of air soft projectiles.
Z80.3Requirements for Nonprescription Sunglasses and
1.2 When air soft guns are used for target practice with a
Fashion Eyewear
paperorgeltargetandabackstopsufficienttopreventricochet,
Z87.1Practice for Occupational and Educational Eye and
shooters may wear eye protection (shooting glasses) appropri-
Face Protectors
ate for use with firearms, ball bullet (BB) guns or air guns that 4
2.3 CSA Standard:
meetANSI Z87.1. The balance of this specification applies to
Z262.6-02Specifications for Facially Featured Headforms
EPDs designed for use by participants in tactical sports using 5
2.4 EN Standard:
air soft guns.
EN 168 Personal Eye Protection—Non-Optical Test
1.3 EPDs meeting the requirements of this specification Method—Section 17 Headforms
offer protection to the eyes and adnexa and not necessarily to
3. Terminology
any other parts of the head.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
3.1.1 adnexa, n—adjunct parts of the eye, including the
as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in
orbit, orbital contents, eyelids, and the lacrimal apparatus.
this standard.
3.1.2 air soft field, n—areawhereparticipantsactivelytarget
1.5 This specification does not limit the wearing of eye-
and shoot each other with air soft projectiles using air soft
glasses or contact lenses when used in conjunction with the
guns.
EPDbasedontheinformationprovidedbythemanufacturerin
3.1.3 air soft gun, n—device specifically designed to expel
section 9.2.21.
air soft projectiles as the result of the release of energy by
1.6 Thefollowinginformationisprovidedforthelaboratory
compressedair,compressedcarbondioxide(CO ),mechanical
conducting the test for the protection of their personnel: This
springs, battery, or a combination thereof as defined in Speci-
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
fication F2748.
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
3.1.4 air soft projectile, n—6 mm projectiles used with an
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
air soft gun which is defined in Specification F2679.
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
tions prior to use. 3.1.5 astigmatism, n—condition in a lens that creates two
axially separated line foci of each object point, the lines being
2. Referenced Documents
mutually perpendicular; in other words, the lens has two
different refractive powers in meridians that are 90° apart.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.6 base-in, adj—relating to the type of prism imbalance
thattendstocauseparallelraysoflightpassingthroughaEPD,
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F08 on Sports
spaced apart by the interpupillary distance, to converge.
Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee F08.57 on Eye Safety for Sports.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2014. Published December 2014. DOI: Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
10.1520/F2879-14. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
2 4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 5060 Spectrum Way,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Mississauga, ON L4W 5N6, Canada, http://www.csa.ca.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), Avenue
the ASTM website. Marnix 17, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium, http://www.cen.eu.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2879−14
3.1.7 base-out, adj—relating to the type of prism imbalance 3.1.22 luminous transmittance, n—function of the spectral
that tends to cause parallel rays of light passing through an transmittance of the lens weighted by the corresponding
EPD, spaced apart by the interpupillary distance, to diverge. ordinates of the photopic luminous efficiency distribution of
the CIE (1931) standard colorimetric observer and by the
3.1.8 binocular, adj—relating to the field of view that is
spectralintensityofstandardIlluminationC(seeANSIZ80.3).
shared by both eyes simultaneously.
3.1.23 orbital area, n—areacontainedinacircle r=20mm
3.1.9 central viewing zone, n—thatpartofalensthathasits
centered on the pupil of the headform.
center in line with the wearer’s line of sight when looking
3.1.24 power imbalance, n—condition that exists when the
straight ahead.
refractive power created by the right lens of the EPD is
3.1.9.1 Discussion—The zone is circular in shape. For the
different from that of the left lens.
purposeofthisspecification,itshallbeconsideredtobe38mm
indiameter.Thecenterofthecentralviewingzoneshallbethe
3.1.25 prism, n—angular deviation of a ray of light as it
point of intersection of the line of sight with the lens as
passes through a lens resulting from the angle at which the ray
mounted on the headform, as specified by the manufacturer.
strikes each surface of the lens and the index of refraction of
the material from which it is made.
3.1.10 corneal apex, n—the most anterior point of the
cornea when the eye is in the primary position.
3.1.26 prism imbalance, n—
3.1.26.1 horizontal imbalance, n—difference in prismatic
3.1.11 cleanable, adv—abilityofanEPDtobemadereadily
deviationofincidentparallellightbeamsonthetwoeyesofan
free of dirt or grime without being damaged during an
EPD in the horizontal meridian (see base-in and base-out).
appropriatecleaningprocess,suchastheuseofsoapandwater.
3.1.26.2 vertical imbalance, n—difference in prismatic de-
3.1.12 definition, optical, n—characteristic of a lens that
viation between parallel light beams incident on the two eyes
allows separate distinct points in close proximity to be dis-
of an EPD in the vertical meridian.
cerned when looking through the lens.
3.1.27 refractive power, n—focusing effect of a lens ex-
3.1.13 dislodgement, n—relating to the movement or shift-
pressed in diopters.
ing during impact testing as described in section 8 that would
3.1.28 spherical power, n—averageofthemaximummeridi-
result in a gap between the lens and frame that did not exist
onal astigmatic power and the minimum meridional astigmatic
priortothetestingofmorethan1.0mmorthebreakingfreeof
power of a lens.
any EPD components within the interior chamber of the EPD.
3.1.29 tactical sport, n—within the context of this standard
3.1.14 eye, n—relatingtotheeyeoftheheadformortheeye
an activity in which participants actively target and shoot at
of a person wearing an EPD or that part of an EPD through
each other with air soft projectiles using an air soft gun.
which a wearer’s eye would normally look.
3.1.15 eye of the headform, n—all structures contained
4. Performance Requirements
within the orbital rim of the headform.
4.1 Optical Requirements:
3.1.16 eye protective device (EPD), n—device that provides
4.1.1 Field of View—When tested in accordance with 7.1,
protectiontothewearer’seyesagainstspecifichazardsencoun-
the EPD shall have a field of view equal to or exceeding the
tered in sports.
following:
3.1.17 fracture, n—any breach, rupture, or visible crack in
4.1.1.1 Temporal field—50°.
the lens.
4.1.1.2 Nasal field—30°.
3.1.18 haze, n—fraction of the total transmitted light from a 4.1.1.3 Superior field—30°.
normally incident beam that is not transmitted in a focused
4.1.1.4 Inferior field—30°.
condition but scattered by inclusions or surface defects. 4.1.2 Refractive Tolerances—When tested in accordance
3.1.18.1 Discussion—Excessive haze will reduce contrast with 7.6, the spherical power shall not be less than –0.12
diopters and shall not exceed +0.12 diopters.
and visibility.
4.1.3 Astigmatism—Whentestedinaccordancewith7.6,the
3.1.19 headform, n—as utilized within this standard for the
astigmatism shall not exceed 0.25 diopters.
as-worn assessment of EPDs, key dimensions of which are as
4.1.4 Power Imbalance—When tested in accordance with
provided in CSA Z262.6-02 or EN 168.
7.6, the power imbalance in corresponding meridians between
3.1.20 lens, n—transparent part or parts of an EPD through
the two eyes for straight ahead seeing shall not exceed 0.18
which the wearer normally sees.
diopters.
3.1.20.1 Discussion—The most common configurations for
4.1.5 Prism—Whentestedinaccordancewith7.4or7.8,the
lenses are single pane and thermal. Thermal lenses are con-
primary viewing position of either eye of a shield shall not
structed with multiple panes providing a thermal barrier to
exceed 0.5 prism diopters.
reducetheeffectsoffogging.Somelensesmaybetreatedwith
4.1.6 Prism Imbalance—When tested in accordance with
chemical solutions to reduce fogging.
7.4 or 7.8, the prism imbalance shall meet the following
3.1.21 lens retention component(s), n—components, sepa- criteria:
rate from the lens, that are designed to retain the lens in the 4.1.6.1 Vertical imbalance—It shall not exceed +0.25 di-
frame or body of the EPD. opters.
F2879−14
4.1.6.2 Horizontal imbalances—Negative values (base-in) 4.3 Ventilation Openings Requirements:
shall not be less than –0.25 prism diopters, and positive values 4.3.1 AnyventilationopeningintheEPDthatwouldpermit
(base-out) shall not be more than +1.0 prism diopters. directcontactofa4.5mmdiameterprobe+0.10mmand–0.10
4.1.7 Luminous Transmittance—When tested in accordance to the orbital area of the headform constitutes a failure. No
significantforceistobeappliedtoforcetheprobethroughany
with 7.3, the luminous transmittance shall not be less than 60
% for clear lenses and not less than 17 % for tinted lenses opening. Any evaluation must be conducted with the EPD
unless labeled very dark in which case the minimum transmit- installed in accordance with the manufactures instruction
tance shall be no less than 8 %. manual on the headform as specified in section 6.4.
4.1.8 Haze—When tested in accordance with 7.5, the haze
5. General Requirements
of the EPD shall not exceed 3 %.
4.1.9 Optical Quality—Within the central viewing zone,
5.1 Materials of Construction:
striae, warpage, surface ripples, or other defects that are
5.1.1 The manufacturer is responsible that the materials
apparent under the optical inspection test conditions of 7.2
selected meet the following criteria and may confirm compli-
shall be considered a failure. An exception is when small
ance by providing the testing laboratory with a declaration
specks or inclusions, which are not seen when the lens is held
letter regarding the suitability of the materials for inclusion
close to the eye in the as-worn position, shall not be a cause of
with the final test report:
rejection.
5.1.2 Materials exposed to sunlight shall not undergo sig-
4.1.10 Physical Lens Defects—Within the central viewing
nificant loss of physical properties.
zone,pits,scratches,grayness,bubbles,cracks,watermarks,or
5.1.3 Materials coming into contact with the wearer’s face
other defects that are apparent under the visible inspection test
shall not be of a type known to cause skin irritation.
conditions of 7.7 shall be considered a failure.An exception is
5.1.4 Materials coming into contact with the wearer’s face
smallspecksorinclusions,whicharenotseenwhenthelensis
shall not undergo significant loss of strength, flexibility, or
heldclosetotheeyeintheas-wornposition,shallnotbecause
other physical change as a result of perspiration, oil, or grease
of rejection.
from the wearer’s skin and hair.
4.2 Mechanical Requirements:
5.2 Openings:
4.2.1 When tested in accordance with 8.2.3 (high-velocity
5.2.1 AllopeningsintheEPD,suchasthoseforventilation,
impact test):
shall not allow the passage of a 4.5 mm diameter probe +0.10
4.2.1.1 Any visible damage of the lens or frame that results
mm and –0.10. In cases where a foam or air permeable barrier
in any component of the EPD to become dislodged inside the is used to cover ventilation openings of the EPD, the underly-
interiorchamberoftheEPDortheentryofanairsoftprojectile
ingstructure(underthefoamorairpermeablebarrier)shallnot
as defined in 3.1.4 constitutes a failure, allow the passage of a 4.5 mm diameter probe +0.10 mm and
4.2.1.2 No contact by components of the EPD with the
–0.10.
orbital area of the headform shall be permitted, 5.2.2 All opening for ventilation on the EPD shall be
4.2.1.3 Any dislodging of the lens from the frame consti- inspected by the method described in 4.3.
tutes a failure,
6. Sample Preparation
4.2.1.4 Any dislodging of a lens retention component from
the lens constitutes a failure, and
6.1 Eye Protective Devices:
4.2.1.5 AnyopeningintheframeorlensofEPDthatwould
6.1.1 Only new and complete EPDs as offered for sale shall
permitcontactofa4.5mmdiameter+0.10mmand-0.10probe
be tested.
to the orbital area of the headform constitutes a failure. No
6.1.2 A minimum of nine EPDs will be required for the
significantforceistobeappliedtoforcetheprobethroughany
tests.
opening.
6.1.3 The EPD and the air soft projectiles shall be condi-
4.2.2 When tested in accordance with 8.2.4 (lens retention
tioned for a minimum of 4 hours at the specified temperature
test):
before each test.
4.2.2.1 Any visible fracture of the lens or frame constitutes
6.2 Test Temperatures:
a failure,
6.2.1 Cold Test, –12.2 6 2°C.
4.2.2.2 No contact by components of the EPD or air soft
6.2.2 Ambient Temperature, 23 6 2°C.
projectile as defined in 3.1.4 within the orbital area of the
6.2.3 Hot Test, 37.8 6 2°C.
headform shall be permitted,
6.3 Air soft Projectiles—Airsoftprojectilesusedinthetests
4.2.2.3 Any dislodging of the lens from the frame consti-
contained within this specification shall be in conformity with
tutes a failure,
Specification F2679 with a state
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