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ASTM C1212-98(2004)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Fabricating Ceramic Reference Specimens Containing Seeded Voids

Standard Practice for Fabricating Ceramic Reference Specimens Containing Seeded Voids

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice describes a method of fabricating known discontinuities in a ceramic specimen. Such specimens are needed and used in nondestructive examination to demonstrate sensitivity and resolution and to assist in establishing proper examination parameters.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes procedures for fabricating both green and sintered test bars of silicon carbide and silicon nitride containing both internal and surface voids at prescribed locations.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2004
ICS
81.060.20 - Ceramic products
Technical Committee
C28 - Advanced Ceramics
Drafting Committee
C28.03 - Physical Properties and Non-Destructive Evaluation
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C1212-98 - Standard Practice for Fabricating Ceramic Reference Specimens Containing Seeded Voids
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Replaced By
ASTM C1212-98(2010) - Standard Practice for Fabricating Ceramic Reference Specimens Containing Seeded Voids
Effective Date
01-Dec-2010
Referred By
ASTM E1001-21 - Standard Practice for Detection and Evaluation of Discontinuities by the Immersed Pulse-Echo Ultrasonic Method Using Longitudinal Waves
Effective Date
01-May-2004

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ASTM C1212-98(2004) - Standard Practice for Fabricating Ceramic Reference Specimens Containing Seeded VoidsASTM C1212-98(2004) - Standard Practice for Fabricating Ceramic Reference Specimens Containing Seeded Voids
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ASTM C1212-98(2004) - Standard Practice for Fabricating Ceramic Reference Specimens Containing Seeded Voids
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C1212–98 (Reapproved 2004)
Standard Practice for
Fabricating Ceramic Reference Specimens Containing
1
Seeded Voids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1212; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Significance and Use
1.1 This practice describes procedures for fabricating both 4.1 This practice describes a method of fabricating known
green and sintered test bars of silicon carbide and silicon discontinuities in a ceramic specimen. Such specimens are
nitride containing both internal and surface voids at prescribed needed and used in nondestructive examination to demonstrate
locations. sensitivity and resolution and to assist in establishing proper
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the examination parameters.
standard.
5. Apparatus
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.1 Aeroduster, moisture-free.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 5.2 Die, capable of exerting a pressure of up to 120 MPa,
that will not contaminate the compacted material.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 5.3 Optical Magnifier, capable of providing 10 to 30X
magnification.
2. Referenced Documents
5.4 Tubing, latex, thin-wall, capable of withstanding iso-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: press.
B311 Test Method for Density of Powder Metallurgy (PM) 5.5 Carver Press or similiar type of appartus capable of
Materials Containing Less Than Two Percent Porosity exerting the necessary pressure to consolidate the sample.
C373 Test Method for Water Absorption, Bulk Density, 5.6 Cold Isostatic Press, capable of maintaining 500 MPa.
Apparent Porosity, andApparent Specific Gravity of Fired 5.7 Vacuum Oven or Furnace which can maintain a tem-
Whiteware Products perature of 525°C.
5.8 Imaging Equipment with the capability of producing a
3. Terminology
hard copy output of the image (that is, 35mm camera, CCD
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
camera outputted to a video printer, a stereo microscope with 4
3.1.1 green specimen—a ceramic specimen formed as origi- X 5 instamatic film, etc.).
nally compacted prior to high-temperature densification.
5.9 Sintering Furnaces capable of reaching temperatures of
3.1.2 internal void—a cavity in a specimen with no connec- 1400–2200°C. Depending on the ceramic system chosen, the
tion to the external surface.
furnace may be required to operate in a vacuum and/or under
3.1.3 seeded voids—intentionally placed discontinuities at inert gas atmospheres at pressures as high as 200 MPa.
prescribed locations in reference specimens.
5.10 Commercial or similar device capable of measuring
3.1.4 sintered specimen—formed ceramic specimen after within .01 mg. Measuring densities according to Archimedes
firing to densify and remove solvents or binders.
principle requires the use of a sample holder suspended in
3.1.5 surface void—a pit or cavity connected to the external water attached to the scale.
surface of a specimen.
6. Materials
6.1 Silicon Carbide or Silicon Nitride Powders, of appro-
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C28 on Advanced
priate purity and particle size, prepared with sintering aids and
Ceramics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C28.03 on Physical
binder representative of the product to be inspected and in a
Properties and Non-Destructive Evaluation.
Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published June 2004. Originally
manner appropriate for dry pressing with granule size less than
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as C1212–98. DOI:
100-mesh.
10.1520/C1212-98R04.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1212–98 (2004)
6.2 Styrene Divinyl Benzene Spheres, with diameters as 7.2.1.2 Sinter green samples under suitable conditions to
necessary. Other material with low vaporization temperatures achieve full densification. Nominal sintering conditions for
may be substituted, but pressing characteristics and final void silicon nitride are 1700–1900°C for1hinan inert atmosphere
sizes may be different. at 0–200 MPa; for silicon carbide,
...

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FIG. 1 Schematic of a Fracture Mirror Centered on a Surface Flaw of Initial Size (a)
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Standard Test Method for Lead and Cadmium Release from Porcelain Enamel Surfaces

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The determination of lead and cadmium release from porcelain enamel surfaces was formerly of interest only to manufacturers of porcelain enamel cookware and similar food service products. Food contact surfaces of these container-type products have been evaluated using a test procedure similar to Test Method C738. Recently, however, there has been a need to measure lead and cadmium release from flat or curved porcelain enamel surfaces that are not capable of being evaluated by a test similar to Test Method C738.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the precise determination of lead and cadmium extracted by acetic acid from porcelain enamel surfaces.  
1.2 Values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Inch-pound units are given for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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