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ASTM C1401-09

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Structural Sealant Glazing

Standard Guide for Structural Sealant Glazing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The old saying “A chain is only as strong as its weakest link” is very applicable to a SSG system. In reality, a SSG system, to be successful, must establish and maintain a chain of adhesion. For example, a factory applied finish must adhere adequately to a metal framing member, a structural glazing sealant to that metal finish, that structural glazing sealant to a reflective coating on a glass lite, and lastly, that reflective coating to a glass surface. This guide will assist in the identification and development of, among others, performance criteria, test methods, and industry practices that should be implemented to obtain the required structural glazing sealant adhesion and compatibility with other system components.
Although this guide has been arranged to permit easy access to specific areas of interest, it is highly recommended that the entire guide is read and understood before establishing the requirements for a particular SSG system.
This guide should not be the only criteria upon which the design and installation of a SSG system is based. The information herein is provided to assist in the development of a specific program with a goal of achieving a successful SSG system installation. Information and guidelines are provided for the evaluation, design, installation, and maintenance of a SSG system and many of its various components. Considering the range of properties of structural glazing silicone sealants, as well as the many types of framing system designs, material combinations that can be used, various material finishes, and the many types and varieties of accessories, the information contained herein is general in nature.
Generally, the design, fabrication, and installation of a SSG system requires more technical knowledge and experience then is required for a conventionally glazed window or curtain wall system. To ensure the success of a SSG system, it is important that suppliers, fabricators, and installers of materials and components have a...
SCOPE
1.1 Structural sealant glazing, hereinafter referred to as SSG, is an application where a sealant not only can function as a barrier against the passage of air and water through a building envelope, but also primarily provides structural support and attachment of glazing or other components to a window, curtain wall, or other framing system.
1.2 This guide provides information useful to design professionals, manufacturers, contractors, and others for the design and installation of a SSG system. This information is applicable only to this glazing method when used for a building wall that is not more than 15° from vertical; however, limited information is included concerning a sloped SSG application.
1.3 Only a silicone chemically curing sealant specifically formulated, tested, and marketed for structural sealant glazing is acceptable for a SSG system application.
1.4 The committee with jurisdiction for this standard is not aware of any comparable standard published by other organizations.
1.5 The calculations and values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Values in parenthesis and inch-pound units are for information only. SI units in this guide are in conformance with IEEE/ASTM SI 10.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Apr-2009
ICS
91.100.50 - Binders. Sealing materials
Technical Committee
C24 - Building Seals and Sealants
Drafting Committee
C24.10 - Specifications, Guides and Practices
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C1401-07 - Standard Guide for Structural Sealant Glazing
Effective Date
15-Apr-2009
Replaced By
ASTM C1401-09a - Standard Guide for Structural Sealant Glazing
Effective Date
15-May-2009
Referred By
ASTM C1472-16(2022) - Standard Guide for Calculating Movement and Other Effects When Establishing Sealant Joint Width
Effective Date
15-Apr-2009
Referred By
ASTM C1184-23 - Standard Specification for Structural Silicone Sealants
Effective Date
15-Apr-2009
Referred By
ASTM C1487-19 - Standard Guide for Remedying Structural Silicone Glazing
Effective Date
15-Apr-2009
Referred By
ASTM C1394-20 - Standard Guide for In-Situ Structural Silicone Glazing Evaluation
Effective Date
15-Apr-2009
Referred By
ASTM C1193-16(2023) - Standard Guide for Use of Joint Sealants
Effective Date
15-Apr-2009
Referred By
ASTM C1564-20 - Standard Guide for Use of Silicone Sealants for Protective Glazing Systems
Effective Date
15-Apr-2009

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C 1401 – 09
Standard Guide for
1
Structural Sealant Glazing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1401; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C 162 Terminology of Glass and Glass Products
C 503 Specification for Marble Dimension Stone
1.1 Structural sealant glazing, hereinafter referred to as
C 509 Specification for Elastomeric Cellular Preformed
SSG, is an application where a sealant not only can function as
Gasket and Sealing Material
abarrieragainstthepassageofairandwaterthroughabuilding
C 510 Test Method for Staining and Color Change of
envelope, but also primarily provides structural support and
Single- or Multicomponent Joint Sealants
attachment of glazing or other components to a window,
C 568 Specification for Limestone Dimension Stone
curtain wall, or other framing system.
C 615 Specification for Granite Dimension Stone
1.2 This guide provides information useful to design pro-
C 717 Terminology of Building Seals and Sealants
fessionals, manufacturers, contractors, and others for the de-
C 719 Test Method for Adhesion and Cohesion of Elasto-
sign and installation of a SSG system. This information is
meric Joint Sealants Under Cyclic Movement (Hockman
applicableonlytothisglazingmethodwhenusedforabuilding
Cycle)
wall that is not more than 15° from vertical; however, limited
C 794 Test Method for Adhesion-in-Peel of Elastomeric
information is included concerning a sloped SSG application.
Joint Sealants
1.3 Only a silicone chemically curing sealant specifically
C 864 Specification for Dense Elastomeric Compression
formulated, tested, and marketed for structural sealant glazing
Seal Gaskets, Setting Blocks, and Spacers
is acceptable for a SSG system application.
C 880 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Dimension
1.4 The committee with jurisdiction for this standard is not
Stone
aware of any comparable standard published by other organi-
C 920 Specification for Elastomeric Joint Sealants
zations.
C 1036 Specification for Flat Glass
1.5 The calculations and values stated in SI units are to be
C 1048 Specification for Heat-Treated Flat Glass—Kind
regarded as the standard. Values in parenthesis and inch-pound
HS, Kind FT Coated and Uncoated Glass
units are for information only. SI units in this guide are in
C 1087 Test Method for Determining Compatibility of
conformance with IEEE/ASTM SI 10.
Liquid-Applied Sealants with Accessories Used in Struc-
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
tural Glazing Systems
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
C 1115 Specification for Dense Elastomeric Silicone Rub-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ber Gaskets and Accessories
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
C 1135 Test Method for Determining Tensile Adhesion
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Properties of Structural Sealants
2. Referenced Documents C 1172 SpecificationforLaminatedArchitecturalFlatGlass
2
C 1184 Specification for Structural Silicone Sealants
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 1193 Guide for Use of Joint Sealants
B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
C 1201 Test Method for Structural Performance of Exterior
C99 Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Dimension
Dimension Stone Cladding Systems by Uniform StaticAir
Stone
Pressure Difference
C119 Terminology Relating to Dimension Stone
C 1248 Test Method for Staining of Porous Substrate by
Joint Sealants
C 1249 Guide for Secondary Seal for Sealed Insulating
1
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC24onBuildingSeals
Glass Units for Structural Sealant Glazing Applications
and Sealants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C24.10 on Specifi-
C 1253 Test Method for Determining the Outgassing Poten-
cations, Guides and Practices.
tial of Sealant Backing
Current edition approved April 15, 2009. Published May 2009. Originally
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C 1401–07.
C 1265 Test Method for Determining the Tensile Properties
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
of an Insulating Glass Edge Seal for Structural Glazing
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Applications
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1401–09
C 1294 Test Method for Compatibility of Insulatin
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C1401–07 Designation: C 1401 – 09
Standard Guide for
1
Structural Sealant Glazing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1401; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 Structural sealant glazing, hereinafter referred to as SSG, is an application where a sealant not only can function as a barrier
against the passage of air and water through a building envelope, but also primarily provides structural support and attachment of
glazing or other components to a window, curtain wall, or other framing system.
1.2 This guide provides information useful to design professionals, manufacturers, contractors, and others for the design and
installation of a SSG system. This information is applicable only to this glazing method when used for a building wall that is not
more than 15° from vertical; however, limited information is included concerning a sloped SSG application.
1.3 Only a silicone chemically curing sealant specifically formulated, tested, and marketed for structural sealant glazing is
acceptable for a SSG system application.
1.4 The committee with jurisdiction for this standard is not aware of any comparable standard published by other organizations.
1.5 The calculations and values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Values in parenthesis and inch-pound units
are for information only. SI units in this guide are in conformance with IEEE/ASTM SI 10.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
C99 Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Dimension Stone
C119 Terminology Relating to Dimension Stone
C 162 Terminology of Glass and Glass Products
C 503 Specification for Marble Dimension Stone
C 509 Specification for Elastomeric Cellular Preformed Gasket and Sealing Material
C 510 Test Method for Staining and Color Change of Single- or Multicomponent Joint Sealants
C 568 Specification for Limestone Dimension Stone
C 615 Specification for Granite Dimension Stone
C 717 Terminology of Building Seals and Sealants
C 719 Test Method for Adhesion and Cohesion of Elastomeric Joint Sealants Under Cyclic Movement (Hockman Cycle)
C 794 Test Method for Adhesion-in-Peel of Elastomeric Joint Sealants
C 864 Specification for Dense Elastomeric Compression Seal Gaskets, Setting Blocks, and Spacers
C 880 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Dimension Stone
C 920 Specification for Elastomeric Joint Sealants
C 1036 Specification for Flat Glass
C 1048 Specification for Heat-Treated Flat GlassKind HS, Kind FT Coated and Uncoated Glass
C 1087 Test Method for Determining Compatibility of Liquid-Applied Sealants with Accessories Used in Structural Glazing
Systems
C 1115 Specification for Dense Elastomeric Silicone Rubber Gaskets and Accessories
C 1135 Test Method for Determining Tensile Adhesion Properties of Structural Sealants
C 1172 Specification for Laminated Architectural Flat Glass
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C24 on Building Seals and Sealants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C24.10 on Specifications,
Guides and Practices.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published November 2007. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as C1401–02.
Current edition approved April 15, 2009. Published May 2009. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C 1401–07.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1401–09
C 1184 Specification for Structural Silicone Sealants
C 1193 Guide for Use of Joint Sealants
C 1201 Test Method for Structural Performance of Exterior Dimension Stone Cladding Systems by Uniform StaticAir
...

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5.1 The old saying “A chain is only as strong as its weakest link” is very applicable to a SSG system. In reality, a SSG system, to be successful, must establish and maintain a chain of adhesion. For example, a factory applied finish must adhere adequately to a metal framing member, a structural glazing sealant to that metal finish, that structural glazing sealant to a reflective coating on a glass lite, and lastly, that reflective coating to a glass surface. This guide will assist in the identification and development of, among others, performance criteria, test methods, and industry practices that should be implemented to obtain the required structural glazing sealant adhesion and compatibility with other system components.  
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1.2 This guide provides information useful to design professionals, manufacturers, contractors, and others for the design and installation of a SSG system. This information is applicable only to this glazing method when used for a building wall that is not more than 15° from vertical; however, limited information is included concerning a sloped SSG application.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Weight loss through volatilization of components of a sealant in a building joint may affect sealant appearance because of shrinkage, and sealant performance because of the loss of functional sealant components. Exposure to high-temperature environments will accelerate the loss of volatiles.  
5.2 This test method measures weight loss. It can be used in combination with a knowledge of sealant density to estimate shrinkage. In addition, when compared to sealant theoretical weight solids, it provides an estimate of the extent to which functional sealant components can be volatilized when exposed to high service temperatures. Substantial losses of this type may help predict early failures in durability. Also, development of cracks or chalking, or both, lessens sealant service life. However, a sealant that develops no cracks or chalking, or low weight loss in this test method, does not necessarily assure good durability.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for determining the effects of heat aging on weight loss, cracking, and chalking of cured-in-place elastomeric joint sealants (single- and multi-component) for use in building construction.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 There is no known ISO equivalent to this test method.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C793-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Effects of Laboratory Accelerated Weathering on Elastomeric Joint Sealants

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 It is known that solar radiation contributes to the degradation of sealants in exterior building joints. The use of a laboratory accelerated weathering machine with actinic radiation, moisture and heat appears to be a feasible means to give indications of early degradation by the appearance of sealant cracking. However, simulated weather factors in combination with extension may produce more severe degradation than weather factors only. Therefore, the effect of the weathering test is made more sensitive by the addition of the bending of the specimen at cold temperature.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for determining the effects of accelerated weathering on cured-in-place elastomeric joint sealants (single- and multicomponent) for use in building construction.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 The committee with jurisdiction over this standard is not aware of any comparable standards published by other ASTM committees or other organizations.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C765-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Low-Temperature Flexibility of Preformed Tape Sealants

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Preformed tape sealants are tacky, deformable solids that are used under compression between two substrates in a variety of sealing applications. This procedure is not intended to simulate an actual use condition, but it will give some indication of the flexibility and adhesion of a tape at low temperature. It can serve to differentiate between flexible tapes that can take some movement and those that tend to harden or embrittle on aging and crack or lose adhesion when flexed at low temperature. It will also aid in identifying sealants that have poor flexibility because they are overextended and contain a low level of binder as well as those sealants having binders that will embrittle at low temperature.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for testing the low-temperature flexibility of preformed tape sealants.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
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