ASTM E1256-11a
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Radiation Thermometers (Single Waveband Type)
Standard Test Methods for Radiation Thermometers (Single Waveband Type)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The purpose of these test methods is to establish consensus test methods by which both manufacturers and end users may make tests to establish the validity of the readings of their radiation thermometers. The test results can also serve as standard performance criteria for instrument evaluation or selection, or both.
The goal is to provide test methods that are reliable and can be performed by a sufficiently skilled end user or manufacturer in the hope that it will result in a better understanding of the operation of radiation thermometers and also promote improved communication between the manufacturers and the end users. A user without sufficient knowledge and experience should seek assistance from the equipment makers or other expert sources, such as those found at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Gaithersburg, Maryland.
Use these test methods with the awareness that there are other parameters, particularly spectral range limits and temperature resolution, which impact the use and characterization of radiation thermometers for which test methods have not yet been developed.
Temperature resolution is the minimum simulated or actual change in target temperature that results in a usable change in output or indication, or both. It is usually expressed as a temperature differential or a percent of full-scale value, or both, and usually applies to value measured. The magnitude of the temperature resolution depends upon a combination of four factors: detector noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD), electronic signal processing, signal-to-noise characteristics (including amplification noise), and analog-to-digital conversion “granularity.”
Spectral range limits are the upper and lower limits to the wavelength band of radiant energy to which the instrument responds. These limits are generally expressed in micrometers (μm) and include the effects of all elements in the measuring optical path. At the spectral response limits, the transmi...
SCOPE
1.1 The test methods described in these test methods can be utilized to evaluate the following six basic operational parameters of a radiation thermometer (single waveband type):
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Designation: E1256 − 11a
StandardTest Methods for
1
Radiation Thermometers (Single Waveband Type)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1256; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.3 field-of-view, n—a usually circular, flat surface of a
measured object from which the radiation thermometer re-
1.1 The test methods described in these test methods can be
2
ceives radiation.
utilized to evaluate the following six basic operational param-
eters of a radiation thermometer (single waveband type):
NOTE 1—Field-of-view traditionally has been referred to as target size.
Section
3.1.4 measuring distance, n—distance or distance range
Calibration Accuracy 8
between the radiation thermometer and the target (measured
Repeatability 9
2
object) for which the radiation thermometer is designed.
Field-of-View 10
Response Time 11
NOTE2—Measuring distancetraditionallyhasbeenreferredtoas target
Warm-Up Time 12
distance.
Long-Term Stability 13
3.1.5 radiation thermometer, n—a radiometer calibrated to
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the indicate the temperature of a blackbody.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.6 radiometer, n—a device for measuring radiant power
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
that has an output proportional to the intensity of the input
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
power.
3.1.7 target distance, n—see measuring distance.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.8 target plane, n—the plane, perpendicular to the line of
2.1 IEC Documents
sight of a radiation thermometer, that is in focus for that
IEC 62942–1 TS Industrial Process Control Devices —
instrument.
Radiation Thermometers — Part 1: Technical Data for
3.1.9 target size, n—see field-of-view .
Radiation Thermometers
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 reference temperature source, n—a source of thermal
3. Terminology
radiant power of known temperature or emissivity, or both,
3.1 Definitions:
used in the testing of radiation thermometers.
3.1.1 blackbody, n—the perfect or ideal source of thermal
3.2.2 temperature resolution, n—the minimum simulated or
radiant power having a spectral distribution described by the
actual change in target temperature that gives a usable change
Planck equation.
in output or indication, or both.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—The term blackbody is often used to
describe a furnace or other source of radiant power which
4. Significance and Use
approximates the ideal.
4.1 The purpose of these test methods is to establish
3.1.2 center wavelength, n—a wavelength, usually near the
consensus test methods by which both manufacturers and end
middle of the band of radiant power over which a radiation
usersmaymaketeststoestablishthevalidityofthereadingsof
thermometer responds, that is used to characterize its perfor-
their radiation thermometers. The test results can also serve as
mance.
standard performance criteria for instrument evaluation or
3.1.2.1 Discussion—The value of the center wavelength is
selection, or both.
usually specified by the manufacturer of the instrument.
4.2 The goal is to provide test methods that are reliable and
can be performed by a sufficiently skilled end user or manu-
1
facturer in the hope that it will result in a better understanding
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E20 on
TemperatureMeasurementandarethedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE20.02
of the operation of radiation thermometers and also promote
on Radiation Thermometry.
Current edition approved May 1, 2011. Published June 2011. Originally
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as E1256–11. DOI:
2
10.1520/E1256-11a. IEC 629429–1.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E1256 − 11a
3
small relative to its length.
5.1.2 Temperature Indicator—Either contact or radiometric,
which accurately displays the temperature of the reference
temperature source.
5.1.3 Shutter Mechanism—Of sufficient size so as to com-
pletely block the opening of the reference temperature source
from the field of view of the test instrument. The shutter
mechanism shall activate in a time interval that is short when
compared with the response time of the test instrument.
5.1.4 Iris Diaphragm—Of sufficient size so that when fully
open the iris diameter is greater than the opening of the
reference temperature source.
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E1256–11 Designation:E1256–11a
Standard Test Methods for
1
Radiation Thermometers (Single Waveband Type)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1256; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 The test methods described in these test methods can be utilized to evaluate the following six basic operational parameters
of a radiation thermometer (single waveband type):
Section
Calibration Accuracy 7
Calibration Accuracy 8
Repeatability 8
Repeatability 9
Target Size 9
Field-of-View 10
Response Time 10
Response Time 11
Warm-Up Time 11
Warm-Up Time 12
Long-Term Stability 12
Long-Term Stability 13
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 IEC Documents
IEC 62942–1 TS Industrial Process Control Devices — Radiation Thermometers — Part 1: Technical Data for Radiation
Thermometers
3. Terminology
2.1
3.1 Definitions:
2.1.1
3.1.1 blackbody, n—the perfect or ideal source of thermal radiant power having a spectral distribution described by the Planck
equation.
2.1.1.1
3.1.1.1 Discussion—The term blackbody is often used to describe a furnace or other source of radiant power which
approximates the ideal.
2.1.2
3.1.2 center wavelength, n—a wavelength, usually near the middle of the band of radiant power over which a radiation
thermometer responds, that is used to characterize its performance.
2.1.2.1
3.1.2.1 Discussion—The value of the center wavelength is usually specified by the manufacturer of the instrument.
2.1.3
3.1.3 field-of-view, n—a usually circular, flat surface of a measured object from which the radiation thermometer receives
2
radiation.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E20 on Temperature Measurement and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E20.02 on
Radiation Thermometry.
Current edition approved Feb. 15,May 1, 2011. Published MarchJune 2011. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 20102011 as E1256 – 101.
DOI: 10.1520/E1256-11a.
2
DeWitt, D. P., and Nutter, G. D., eds., “Theory and Practice of Radiation Thermometry,” John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY.
2
IEC 629429–1.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1256–11a
NOTE 1—Field-of-view traditionally has been referred to as target size.
3.1.4 measuring distance, n—distance or distance range between the radiation thermometer and the target (measured object) for
2
which the radiation thermometer is designed.
NOTE 2—Measuring distance traditionally has been referred to as target distance.
3.1.5 radiation thermometer, n—a radiometer calibrated to indicate the temperature of a blackbody.
2.1.4
3.1.6 radiometer, n—a device for measuring radiant power that has an output proportional to the intensity of the input power.
2.1.5
3.1.7 target distance, n—see measuring distance.
3.1.8 target plane, n—theplane,perpendiculartothelineofsightofaradiationthermometer,thatisinfocusforthatinstrument.
2.2
3.1.9 target size, n—see field-of-view .
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
2.2.1
3.2.1 reference temperature source, n—a source of thermal radiant power of known temperature or emissivity, or both, used in
the testing of radiation thermometers.
2.2.2target size, n—the diameter of a circle in the target plane of a radiation thermometer that is centered on its line of sight
and contains 99% of the input radiant power received by that instrument.
2.2.3
3.2.2 temperature resolution, n—the minimum simulated or actual change in target temperature that gives a usable change in
output or indication, or both.
3.
4. Significance and Use
3.1The4.1 The purpose of these test methods is to establish consensus test methods by which both manufacturers and end users
may make tests to establish the validity of the readings of their radiation thermometers. The test results can also serve as standard
performance criteria for instrument evaluation or selection, or both.
3.2The4.2 The goal is to provid
...
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