ASTM C210-95(2019)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Reheat Change of Insulating Firebrick
Standard Test Method for Reheat Change of Insulating Firebrick
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Insulating firebrick (IFB) are classified by their bulk density and reheat change (see Classification C155). This test method defines thermal stability by measurement of IFB's reheat change following 24 h at a test temperature.
3.2 Since this test exposes the entire sample to an isothermal temperature condition, the user should be aware that most applications for IFB involve a thermal gradient which may cause the IFB's dimensions to change differentially.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the permanent linear (and volume) change of insulating firebrick upon reheating under prescribed conditions.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C210 − 95 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Test Method for
Reheat Change of Insulating Firebrick
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C210; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope method defines thermal stability by measurement of IFB’s
reheat change following 24 h at a test temperature.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the perma-
nent linear (and volume) change of insulating firebrick upon 3.2 Sincethistestexposestheentiresampletoanisothermal
reheating under prescribed conditions. temperature condition, the user should be aware that most
applications for IFB involve a thermal gradient which may
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
cause the IFB’s dimensions to change differentially.
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
information only.
4. Apparatus
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 The test kiln shall be capable of maintaining the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
required temperature with a variation of not more than one half
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
a standard pyrometric cone over the hearth area during the
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
prescribed heating schedule. If a gas- or oil-fired kiln is used,
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
it shall be of the downdraft type and of such a design as not to
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
permit the flame from the burner to impinge upon the test
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
specimens.The kiln atmosphere during the test shall be kept as
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
oxidizing as is practicable.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
5. Procedure
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5.1 Test Specimens and Measurements:
2. Referenced Documents
5.1.1 Thetestspecimensshallconsistofthreebrick(Note1)
1 1
2.1 ASTM Standards: measuring 9 by 4 ⁄2 by 2 ⁄2 or 3-in. (228 by 114 by 64 or
C24 Test Method for Pyrometric Cone Equivalent (PCE) of 76-mm) or three pieces of these dimensions cut out of larger
Fireclay and High-Alumina Refractory Materials shapes.
C155 Classification of Insulating Firebrick
NOTE1—Threesupportingbrickfromthesamelotasthetestspecimens
E230/E230M Specification for Temperature-Electromotive
are required also, so that the test sample is comprised of six brick.
Force (emf) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
5.1.2 Each specimen shall be labeled with ceramic paint,
E1256 Test Methods for Radiation Thermometers (Single
and before and after heating they shall be carefully measured
Waveband Type)
for length (Note 2), width, and thickness. Three measurements
(Note3)tothenearest0.02in.(0.5mm)shallbetakenforeach
3. Significance and Use
dimension and the average of these shall be used. Each
3.1 Insulating firebrick (IFB) are classified by their bulk
dimension shall be measured in three places along the longi-
density and reheat change (see Classification C155). This test
tudinal center line on opposite faces, one measurement at the
center of the line and one ⁄2 in. (13 mm) in from each edge.
Fig. 1 shows the location at which these measurements are to
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on
be made.
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.03 on Physical
Properties.
NOTE 2—For classifying IFB according to Classification C155, obtain
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2019. Published November 2019. Originally
the reheat change from the 9-in. (228-mm) dimension measurements only.
approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as C210 – 95 (2014).
NOTE 3—Because of the large pore size of some IFB, it is difficult to
DOI: 10.1520/C0210-95R19.
measurebymeansofcalipersdirectlyonthebricksurfaces.Accuracymay
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
be obtained by holding two small pieces of flat polished steel plate of
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on known thickness against the faces between which the dimension is to be
the ASTM website. obtained, and calipering on the outside steel surfaces rather than directly
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C210 − 95 (2019)
develop on the surface of the test brick, in which case remove
them by rubbing their surfaces very lightly with a fine abrasive
block before remeasuring in accordance with 5.1.2.
8. Calculation and Report
8.1 Reheat Change—Calculate the reheat change in percent
from the average measurement for the dimension obtained
before and after reheating.
8.2 Reheat Volume Change—When the reheat volume
change is requested, calculate it from the average measurement
for the three dimensions obtained before and after reheating, as
NOTE 1—The dots on the center line of each face are ⁄2 in. (13 mm) in
follows:
from each edge, and the cross on the axis is in the center. These positions
indicate the points at which three measurements for each dimensions are
V 5 V 2 V /V 3100 (1)
@~ ! #
o f o
to be made.
where:
FIG. 1 Test Brick Showing Measurement Locations
V = volume change, percent,
V = original volume, and
o
V = final volume.
f
against the brick surfaces. It is permissible to use a measuring device to
obtain the dimensions of the brick, provided the measurements are not
8.3 Report—When the test is conducted for evaluating IFB
affected by large pores in the surface.
in accordance with Classification C155, the average linear
5.2 Placing Test Specimens in Kiln: change for the 9-in. (228-mm) dimension only shall be re-
5.2.1 Place the test specimens in the kiln so that each will
ported; otherwise, or when specified, the average of the reheat
rest on a 9 by 2 ⁄2 or 3-in. (228 by 64 or 76-mm) face. Place change for the length, width, and thickness shall be reported
each specimen upon the 9 by 2 ⁄2 or 3-in. face of a supporting
and, if requested, the average reheat volume change.
brick that shall be from the same lot as the test specimen. Place
between the test specimen and the supporting member a layer
9. Precision and Bias
ofsuitablerefractorymaterial,thatisnonreactiveunderthetest
9.1 Interlaboratory Test Program—An interlaboratory test
conditions and passes an ASTM No. 16 (1.18-mm) sieve
program between six laboratories was c
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C210 − 95 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Test Method for
Reheat Change of Insulating Firebrick
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C210; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope method defines thermal stability by measurement of IFB’s
reheat change following 24 h at a test temperature.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the perma-
nent linear (and volume) change of insulating firebrick upon 3.2 Since this test exposes the entire sample to an isothermal
reheating under prescribed conditions. temperature condition, the user should be aware that most
applications for IFB involve a thermal gradient which may
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
cause the IFB’s dimensions to change differentially.
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
information only.
4. Apparatus
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 The test kiln shall be capable of maintaining the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
required temperature with a variation of not more than one half
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
a standard pyrometric cone over the hearth area during the
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
prescribed heating schedule. If a gas- or oil-fired kiln is used,
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
it shall be of the downdraft type and of such a design as not to
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
permit the flame from the burner to impinge upon the test
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
specimens. The kiln atmosphere during the test shall be kept as
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
oxidizing as is practicable.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
5. Procedure
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5.1 Test Specimens and Measurements:
2. Referenced Documents
5.1.1 The test specimens shall consist of three brick (Note 1)
1 1
2.1 ASTM Standards: measuring 9 by 4 ⁄2 by 2 ⁄2 or 3-in. (228 by 114 by 64 or
C24 Test Method for Pyrometric Cone Equivalent (PCE) of 76-mm) or three pieces of these dimensions cut out of larger
Fireclay and High-Alumina Refractory Materials shapes.
C155 Classification of Insulating Firebrick
NOTE 1—Three supporting brick from the same lot as the test specimens
E230/E230M Specification for Temperature-Electromotive
are required also, so that the test sample is comprised of six brick.
Force (emf) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
5.1.2 Each specimen shall be labeled with ceramic paint,
E1256 Test Methods for Radiation Thermometers (Single
and before and after heating they shall be carefully measured
Waveband Type)
for length (Note 2), width, and thickness. Three measurements
(Note 3) to the nearest 0.02 in. (0.5 mm) shall be taken for each
3. Significance and Use
dimension and the average of these shall be used. Each
3.1 Insulating firebrick (IFB) are classified by their bulk
dimension shall be measured in three places along the longi-
density and reheat change (see Classification C155). This test
tudinal center line on opposite faces, one measurement at the
center of the line and one ⁄2 in. (13 mm) in from each edge.
Fig. 1 shows the location at which these measurements are to
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on
be made.
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.03 on Physical
Properties.
NOTE 2—For classifying IFB according to Classification C155, obtain
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2019. Published November 2019. Originally
the reheat change from the 9-in. (228-mm) dimension measurements only.
approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as C210 – 95 (2014).
NOTE 3—Because of the large pore size of some IFB, it is difficult to
DOI: 10.1520/C0210-95R19.
measure by means of calipers directly on the brick surfaces. Accuracy may
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
be obtained by holding two small pieces of flat polished steel plate of
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
known thickness against the faces between which the dimension is to be
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. obtained, and calipering on the outside steel surfaces rather than directly
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C210 − 95 (2019)
develop on the surface of the test brick, in which case remove
them by rubbing their surfaces very lightly with a fine abrasive
block before remeasuring in accordance with 5.1.2.
8. Calculation and Report
8.1 Reheat Change—Calculate the reheat change in percent
from the average measurement for the dimension obtained
before and after reheating.
8.2 Reheat Volume Change—When the reheat volume
change is requested, calculate it from the average measurement
for the three dimensions obtained before and after reheating, as
NOTE 1—The dots on the center line of each face are ⁄2 in. (13 mm) in
follows:
from each edge, and the cross on the axis is in the center. These positions
indicate the points at which three measurements for each dimensions are
V 5 @~V 2 V !/V # 3 100 (1)
o f o
to be made.
where:
FIG. 1 Test Brick Showing Measurement Locations
V = volume change, percent,
V = original volume, and
o
V = final volume.
f
against the brick surfaces. It is permissible to use a measuring device to
obtain the dimensions of the brick, provided the measurements are not
8.3 Report—When the test is conducted for evaluating IFB
affected by large pores in the surface.
in accordance with Classification C155, the average linear
5.2 Placing Test Specimens in Kiln:
change for the 9-in. (228-mm) dimension only shall be re-
5.2.1 Place the test specimens in the kiln so that each will ported; otherwise, or when specified, the average of the reheat
rest on a 9 by 2 ⁄2 or 3-in. (228 by 64 or 76-mm) face. Place
change for the length, width, and thickness shall be reported
each specimen upon the 9 by 2 ⁄2 or 3-in. face of a supporting and, if requested, the average reheat volume change.
brick that shall be from the same lot as the test specimen. Place
between the test specimen and the supporting member a layer 9. Precision and Bias
of suitable refractory material, that is nonreactive under the test
9.1 Interlaboratory Test Program—An interlaboratory test
conditions and passes an ASTM No. 16 (1.18-mm) sieve
program between six laboratories was conducted. Each labo-
(equivalent to a 14-mesh Tyler Standard Series) and retained
ratory rece
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C210 − 95 (Reapproved 2014) C210 − 95 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Test Method for
Reheat Change of Insulating Firebrick
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C210; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the permanent linear (and volume) change of insulating firebrick upon
reheating under prescribed conditions.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C24 Test Method for Pyrometric Cone Equivalent (PCE) of Fireclay and High-Alumina Refractory Materials
C155 Classification of Insulating Firebrick
E230E230/E230M Specification for Temperature-Electromotive Force (emf) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
E1256 Test Methods for Radiation Thermometers (Single Waveband Type)
3. Significance and Use
3.1 Insulating firebrick (IFB) are classified by their bulk density and reheat change (see Classification C155). This test method
defines thermal stability by measurement of IFB’s reheat change following 24 h at a test temperature.
3.2 Since this test exposes the entire sample to an isothermal temperature condition, the user should be aware that most
applications for IFB involve a thermal gradient which may cause the IFB’s dimensions to change differentially.
4. Apparatus
4.1 The test kiln shall be capable of maintaining the required temperature with a variation of not more than one half a standard
pyrometric cone over the hearth area during the prescribed heating schedule. If a gas- or oil-fired kiln is used, it shall be of the
downdraft type and of such a design as not to permit the flame from the burner to impinge upon the test specimens. The kiln
atmosphere during the test shall be kept as oxidizing as is practicable.
5. Procedure
5.1 Test Specimens and Measurements:
1 1
5.1.1 The test specimens shall consist of three brick (Note 1) measuring 9 by 4 ⁄2 by 2 ⁄2 or 3 in. 3-in. (228 by 114 by 64 or
76 mm) 76-mm) or three pieces of these dimensions cut out of larger shapes.
NOTE 1—Three supporting brick from the same lot as the test specimens are required also, so that the test sample is comprised of six brick.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.03 on Physical Properties.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2014Nov. 1, 2019. Published November 2014November 2019. Originally approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 20072014
ε1
as C210 – 95 (2007)(2014). . Originally part of C93. DOI: 10.1520/C0210-95R14.10.1520/C0210-95R19.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C210 − 95 (2019)
5.1.2 Each specimen shall be labeled with ceramic paint, and before and after heating they shall be carefully measured for length
(Note 2), width, and thickness. Three measurements (Note 3) to the nearest 0.02 in. (0.5 mm) shall be taken for each dimension
and the average of these shall be used. Each dimension shall be measured in three places along the longitudinal center line on
opposite faces, one measurement at the center of the line and one ⁄2 in. (13 mm) in from each edge. Fig. 1 shows the location at
which these measurements are to be made.
NOTE 2—For classifying IFB according to Classification C155, obtain the reheat change from the 9-in. (228-mm) dimension measurements only.
NOTE 3—Because of the large pore size of some IFB, it is difficult to measure by means of calipers directly on the brick surfaces. Accuracy may be
obtained by holding two small pieces of flat polished steel plate of known thickness against the faces between which the dimension is to be obtained,
and calipering on the outside steel surfaces rather than directly against the brick surfaces. It is permissible to use a measuring device to obtain the
dimensions of the brick, provided the measurements are not affected by large pores in the surface.
5.2 Placing Test Specimens in Kiln:
5.2.1 Place the test specimens in the kiln so that each will rest on a 9 by 2 ⁄2 or 3-in. (228 by 64 or 76-mm) face. Place each
specimen upon the 9 by 2 ⁄2 or 3-in. face of a supporting brick that shall be from the same lot as the test specimen. Place between
the test specimen and the supporting member a layer of suitable refractory material, that is nonreactive under the test conditions
and passes an ASTM No. 16 (1.18-mm) sieve (equivalent to a 14-mesh Tyler Standard Series) and retained on an ASTM No. 40
(425-μm) sieve (equivalent to a 35-mesh Tyler Standard Series). Place each specimen no closer than 1 ⁄2 in. in. (38 mm) from
either the other test specimens or the furnace wall and parts.
6. Temperature Measurement
6.1 Measure the temperature within the kiln by means of an appropriate calibrated thermocouple. Refer to Table 1 and Table 2
of StandardSpecification E230E230/E230M for the tolerances and upper temperature limits for use of various thermocouples. At
higher temperatures, the thermocouple may be withdrawn and a calibrated optical or radiation pyrometer (refer to Test
MethodMethods E1256) can be used. Place the hot junction of the thermocouple or sight the pyrometer so as to register the
temperature of the test specimens. Make temperature readings at intervals not greater than 15 min. Check the kiln periodically by
thermocouples, pyrometers, or pyrometric cones (refer to Test Method C24) to ensure that temperature over the hearth does not
differ by more than 25°F (14°C) or one-half cone.25 °F (14 °C) or one half-cone.
7. Test Temperature Schedules and Duration of Test
7.1 The temperature to be used for the test shall depend on the classification into which the IFB falls (see Classification C155).
7.2 The heating schedules for the various classes of IFB are given in Table 1. Maintain the maximum temperature for a period
of 24 h, and leave the specimens in the kiln until the temperature has fallen to about 800°F (430°C).800 °F (430 °C). Blisters may
develop on the surface of the test brick, in which case remove them by rubbing their surfaces very lightly with a fine abrasive block
before remeasuring in accordance with 5.1.2.
8. Calculation and Report
8.1 Reheat Change—Calculate the reheat change in percent from the average measurement for the dimension obtained before
and after reheating.
8.2 Reheat Volume Change—When the reheat volume change is requested, calculate it from the average measurement for the
three dimensions obtained before and after reheating, as follows:
V 5 @~V 2 V !/V # 3100 (1)
o f o
NOTE 1—The dots on the center line of each face are ⁄2 in. (13 mm) in from each edge, and the cross on the axis is in the center. These positions indicate
the points at which three measurements for each dimensions are to be made.
FIG. 1 Test Brick Showing Measurement Locations
C210 − 95 (2019)
TABLE 1 Heating Schedule for Reheat Change of Various Groups of Insulating Firebrick
Temperature of Test Specimen, °F
...
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