ASTM E1256-15
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Radiation Thermometers (Single Waveband Type)
Standard Test Methods for Radiation Thermometers (Single Waveband Type)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of these test methods is to establish consensus test methods by which both manufacturers and end users may perform tests to establish the validity of the readings of their radiation thermometers. The test results can also serve as standard performance criteria for instrument evaluation or selection, or both.
4.2 The goal is to provide test methods that are reliable and can be performed by a sufficiently skilled end user or manufacturer. It is hoped that it will result in a better understanding of the operation of radiation thermometers and also promote improved communication between the manufacturers and the end users. A user without sufficient knowledge and experience should seek assistance from the equipment makers or other expert sources, such as those found at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Gaithersburg, Maryland.
4.3 These test methods should be used with the awareness that there are other parameters, particularly spectral range limits and temperature resolution, which impact the use and characterization of radiation thermometers and for which test methods have not yet been developed.
4.3.1 Temperature resolution is the minimum simulated or actual change in target temperature that results in a usable change in output or indication, or both. It is usually expressed as a temperature differential or a percent of full-scale value, or both, and usually applies to value measured. The magnitude of the temperature resolution depends upon a combination of four factors: detector noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD), electronic signal processing, signal-to-noise characteristics (including amplification noise), and analog-to-digital conversion “granularity.”
4.3.2 Spectral range limits are the upper and lower limits to the wavelength band of radiant energy to which the instrument responds. These limits are generally expressed in micrometers (μm) and include the effects of all elements in the measuring optical pat...
SCOPE
1.1 The test methods described in these test methods can be utilized to evaluate the following six basic operational parameters of a radiation thermometer (single waveband type):
Section
Calibration Accuracy
8
Repeatability
9
Field-of-View
10
Response Time
11
Warm-Up Time
12
Long-Term Stability
13
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 The term single waveband refers to radiation thermometers that operate in a single band of spectral radiation. This term is used to differentiate single waveband radiation thermometers from those termed as ratio radiation thermometers, two channel radiation thermometers, two color radiation thermometers, multiwavelength radiation thermometers, multichannel radiation thermometers, or multicolor radiation thermometers. The term single waveband does not preclude wideband radiation thermometers such as those operating in the 8 – 14 μm band.
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Designation: E1256 − 15
Standard Test Methods for
1
Radiation Thermometers (Single Waveband Type)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1256; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 blackbody, n—the perfect or ideal source of thermal
radiant power having a spectral distribution described by the
1.1 The test methods described in these test methods can be
Planck equation.
utilized to evaluate the following six basic operational param-
3.1.1.1 Discussion—The term blackbody is often used to
eters of a radiation thermometer (single waveband type):
describe a furnace or other source of radiant power which
Section
approximates the ideal.
Calibration Accuracy 8
Repeatability 9
3.1.2 center wavelength, n—a wavelength, usually near the
Field-of-View 10
middle of the band of radiant power over which a radiation
Response Time 11
Warm-Up Time 12 thermometer responds, that is used to characterize its perfor-
Long-Term Stability 13
mance.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—The value of the center wavelength is
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
usually specified by the manufacturer of the instrument.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.3 field-of-view, n—a usually circular, flat surface of a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
measured object from which the radiation thermometer re-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
2
ceives radiation.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 The term single waveband refers to radiation thermom-
NOTE 1—Field-of-view traditionally has been referred to as target size.
eters that operate in a single band of spectral radiation. This
3.1.4 measuring distance, n—distance or distance range
term is used to differentiate single waveband radiation ther-
between the radiation thermometer and the target (measured
2
mometers from those termed as ratio radiation thermometers,
object) for which the radiation thermometer is designed.
two channel radiation thermometers, two color radiation
NOTE2—Measuring distancetraditionallyhasbeenreferredtoas target
thermometers, multiwavelength radiation thermometers, mul-
distance.
tichannel radiation thermometers, or multicolor radiation ther-
3.1.5 radiation thermometer, n—a radiometer calibrated to
mometers. The term single waveband does not preclude
indicate the temperature of a blackbody.
wideband radiation thermometers such as those operating in
the8–14µm band. 3.1.6 radiometer, n—a device for measuring radiant power
that has an output proportional to the intensity of the input
2. Referenced Documents
power.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.7 target distance, n—see measuring distance.
E2758Guide for Selection and Use of Wideband, Low
3.1.8 target plane, n—the plane, perpendicular to the line of
Temperature Infrared Thermometers
sight of a radiation thermometer, that is in focus for that
2.2 IEC Documents
instrument.
IEC/TS 62492-1 ed 1.0 TS Industrial Process Control
3.1.9 target size, n—see field-of-view.
Devices—Radiation Thermometers—Part 1: Technical
Data for Radiation Thermometers
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 reference temperature source, n—a source of thermal
3. Terminology
radiant power of known temperature or emissivity, or both,
used in the testing of radiation thermometers.
3.1 Definitions:
3.2.2 temperature resolution, n—the minimum simulated or
1 actual change in target temperature that gives a usable change
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E20 on
TemperatureMeasurementandarethedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE20.02
in output or indication, or both.
on Radiation Thermometry.
CurrenteditionapprovedJuly1,2015.PublishedJuly2015.Originallyapproved
in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as E1256–11a. DOI: 10.1520/
2
E1256-15. IEC 62492-1.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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E1256 − 15
5. Apparatus
5.1 The following apparatus, set up as illustrated in Fig. 2,
canbeusedtoperformthestandardtestsforallsixparameters.
5.1.1 Reference Temperature Source—A blackbody (or
other stable isothermal radiant source of high and known
emissivity) with an opening diameter at least as large as that
specified in these test methods.
NOTE 3—Typical examples include nearly isothermal furnaces with
internal geometries, such as a sphere with an opening small relative to its
radius, or a right circular cylinder with one end closed having a radius
3
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1256 − 11a E1256 − 15
Standard Test Methods for
1
Radiation Thermometers (Single Waveband Type)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1256; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 The test methods described in these test methods can be utilized to evaluate the following six basic operational parameters
of a radiation thermometer (single waveband type):
Section
Calibration Accuracy 8
Repeatability 9
Field-of-View 10
Response Time 11
Warm-Up Time 12
Long-Term Stability 13
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.3 The term single waveband refers to radiation thermometers that operate in a single band of spectral radiation. This term is
used to differentiate single waveband radiation thermometers from those termed as ratio radiation thermometers, two channel
radiation thermometers, two color radiation thermometers, multiwavelength radiation thermometers, multichannel radiation
thermometers, or multicolor radiation thermometers. The term single waveband does not preclude wideband radiation
thermometers such as those operating in the 8 – 14 μm band.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E2758 Guide for Selection and Use of Wideband, Low Temperature Infrared Thermometers
2.2 IEC Documents
IEC 62942–1 IEC/TS 62492-1 ed 1.0 TS Industrial Process Control Devices — Radiation Thermometers — Part Devices—
Radiation Thermometers—Part 1: Technical Data for Radiation Thermometers
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 blackbody, n—the perfect or ideal source of thermal radiant power having a spectral distribution described by the Planck
equation.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E20 on Temperature Measurement and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E20.02 on
Radiation Thermometry.
Current edition approved May 1, 2011July 1, 2015. Published June 2011July 2015. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as
E1256 – 11.E1256 – 11a. DOI: 10.1520/E1256-11a.10.1520/E1256-15.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
The term blackbody is often used to describe a furnace or other source of radiant power which approximates the ideal.
3.1.2 center wavelength, n—a wavelength, usually near the middle of the band of radiant power over which a radiation
thermometer responds, that is used to characterize its performance.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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E1256 − 15
The value of the center wavelength is usually specified by the manufacturer of the instrument.
3.1.3 field-of-view, n—a usually circular, flat surface of a measured object from which the radiation thermometer receives
2
radiation.
NOTE 1—Field-of-view traditionally has been referred to as target size.
3.1.4 measuring distance, n—distance or distance range between the radiation thermometer and the target (measured object) for
2
which the radiation thermometer is designed.
NOTE 2—Measuring distance traditionally has been referred to as target distance.
3.1.5 radiation thermometer, n—a radiometer calibrated to indicate the temperature of a blackbody.
3.1.6 radiometer, n—a device for measuring radiant power that has an output proportional to the intensity of the input power.
3.1.7 target distance, n—see measuring distance.
3.1.8 target plane, n—the plane, perpendicular to the line of sight of a radiation thermometer, that is in focus for that instrument.
3.1.9 target size, n—see field-of-viewfield-of-view. .
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 reference temperature source, n—a source of thermal radiant power of known temperature or emissivity, or both, used in
the testing of radiation thermometers.
3.2.2 temperature resolution, n—the minimum simulated or actual change in target temperature that gives a usable change in
output or indication, or both.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The purpose of these test methods is to establish consensus test methods by which both manufacturers and end
...
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