ASTM F1939-07
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Radiant Heat Resistance of Flame Resistant Clothing Materials
Standard Test Method for Radiant Heat Resistance of Flame Resistant Clothing Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is intended for the determination of the radiant heat resistance value of a material, a combination of materials, or a comparison of different materials used in flame resistant clothing for workers exposed to radiant thermal hazards.
This test method evaluates a material’heat transfer properties when exposed to a continuous and constant radiant heat source. Air movement at the face of the specimen and around the calorimeter can affect the measured heat transferred due to forced convective heat losses. Minimizing the air movement around the specimen and test apparatus will aid in the repeatability of the results.
This test method maintains the specimen in a static, vertical position and does not involve movement, except that resulting from the exposure.
This test method specifies two standard sets of exposure conditions: 21 kW/m2 [0.5 cal/cm2s] and 84 kW/m2 [2.0 cal/cm2s]. Either can be used.
5.4.1 If a different set of exposure conditions is used, it is likely that different results will be obtained.
5.4.2 The optional use of other conditions representative of the expected hazard, in addition to the standard set of exposure conditions, is permitted. However, the exposure conditions used must be reported with the results along with a determination of the exposure energy level stability.
This test method does not predict skin burn injury from the standardized radiant heat exposure.
Note 4—See Appendix X4 for additional information regarding this test method and predicted skin burn injury.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method rates the non-steady state thermal resistance or insulating characteristics of flame resistant clothing materials subjected to a continuous, standardized radiant heat exposure.
1.1.1 This test method is not applicable to clothing materials that are not flame resistant.Note 1
The determination of a clothing material's flame resistance shall be made prior to testing and done in accordance with the applicable performance standard, specification standard, or both, for the clothing material's end-use.
1.1.2 This test method does not predict skin burn injury from the standardized radiant heat exposure as it does not account for the thermal energy contained in the test specimen after the exposure has ceased.Note 2
See for additional information regarding this test method and predicted skin burn injury.
1.2 This test method is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in brackets are mathematical conversions to inch-pound or other units that are commonly used for thermal testing.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: F 1939 – 07
Standard Test Method for
Radiant Heat Resistance of Flame Resistant Clothing
1
Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1939; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method rates the non-steady state thermal 2.1 ASTM Standards:
resistance or insulating characteristics of flame resistant cloth- D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
ing materials subjected to a continuous, standardized radiant D 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
heat exposure. D 1777 Test Method for Thickness of Textile Materials
1.1.1 Thistestmethodisnotapplicabletoclothingmaterials D 3776 Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) of
that are not flame resistant. Fabric
E 457 TestMethodforMeasuringHeat-TransferRateUsing
NOTE 1—The determination of a clothing material’s flame resistance
a Thermal Capacitance (Slug) Calorimeter
shall be made prior to testing and done in accordance with the applicable
F 1494 Terminology Relating to Protective Clothing
performance standard, specification standard, or both, for the clothing
material’s end-use. 2.2 ASTM Special Technical Publication: ASTM Report,
“ASTM Research Program on Electric Arc Test Method De-
1.1.2 This test method does not predict skin burn injury
velopments to Evaluate Protective Clothing Fabric; ASTM
from the standardized radiant heat exposure as it does not
F18.65.01 Testing Group Report on Arc Testing Analysis of the
account for the thermal energy contained in the test specimen
F1959 Standard Test Method-Phase I”
after the exposure has ceased.
ASTM Manual 12 Manual on the Use of Thermocouples in
NOTE 2—See Appendix X4 for additional information regarding this
Temperature Measurement
test method and predicted skin burn injury.
3. Terminology
1.2 This test method is used to measure and describe the
response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat under 3.1 Definitions:
controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all 3.1.1 break-open, n—in testing thermal protective materi-
factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the als,amaterialresponseevidencedbytheformationofaholein
materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. the test specimen during the thermal exposure that may result
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as in the exposure energy in direct contact with the heat sensor.
standard. The values given in brackets are mathematical 3.1.2 charring, n—the formation of a carbonaceous residue
conversions to inch-pound or other units that are commonly as the result of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion.
used for thermal testing. 3.1.3 dripping, n—a material response evidenced by flow-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the ing of the polymer.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3.1.4 embrittlement, n—the formation of a brittle residue as
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- a result of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 3.1.5 heat flux, n—the thermal intensity indicated by the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. amount of energy transmitted divided by area and time;
2 2
kW/m [cal/cm s].
3.1.6 ignition, n—the initiation of combustion.
3.1.7 melting, n—a material response evidenced by soften-
ing of the polymer.
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeF23onPersonal
2
Protective Clothing and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
F23.80 on Flame and Thermal. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2007. Published November 2007. Originally Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as F 1939 - 99a. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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F1939–07
3.1.8 non-steady state thermal resistance, n—in testing of due to forced convective heat losses. Minimizing the air
thermal protective materials, a quantity expressed as the movement around the specimen and test apparatus will aid in
time-dependent difference between the incident and exiting the repeatability of the results.
thermal energy values normal to and across two defined 5.3 This test method maint
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:F1939–99a Designation: F 1939 – 07
Standard Test Method for
Radiant Protective PerformanceHeat Resistance of Flame
1
Resistant Clothing Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1939; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1This test method covers a means of measuring the effect of radiant heat exposure at the standard levels of ( a) 0.5 or (b) 2.0
2 2
cal/cm ·s (21 or 84 kW/m ) on a fabric specimen or a fabric assembly specimen.
1.2The radiant protective performance (RPP) rating is calculated.
1.2.1This value is not intended to be used as a performance specification.
1.2.2The effects of the radiant energy exposure on the specimen may be observed and reported.
1.3This test method is recommended for use with fabrics that are flame resistant and that are used in the manufacture of
protective clothing.
1.4This test method is not recommended for use with fabrics or with other textile materials that are not flame resistant, and that
may or may not ignite and continue to burn from exposure to the radiant heat flux.
1.5Thistestmethodmeasuresanddescribestheresponseofmaterials,products,orassembliestoheatandflameundercontrolled
conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products,
or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.6The values stated in customary units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units.
1.7
1.1 This test method rates the non-steady state thermal resistance or insulating characteristics of flame resistant clothing
materials subjected to a continuous, standardized radiant heat exposure.
1.1.1 This test method is not applicable to clothing materials that are not flame resistant.
NOTE 1—The determination of a clothing material’s flame resistance shall be made prior to testing and done in accordance with the applicable
performance standard, specification standard, or both, for the clothing material’s end-use.
1.1.2 This test method does not predict skin burn injury from the standardized radiant heat exposure as it does not account for
the thermal energy contained in the test specimen after the exposure has ceased.
NOTE 2—See Appendix X4 for additional information regarding this test method and predicted skin burn injury.
1.2 This test method is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat under controlled
conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products,
or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in brackets are mathematical conversions to
inch-pound or other units that are commonly used for thermal testing.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F-23 on Protective Clothing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F23.80 on Radiant Energy
Exposure Test.
Current edition approved May 10, 1999. Published July 1999. Originally published as F 1939 - 99. Last previous edition F 1939 - 99.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F23 on Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
F23.80 on Flame and Thermal.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2007. Published November 2007. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as F 1939 - 99a.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F1939–07
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D
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