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ASTM C447-15(2022)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Estimating the Maximum Use Temperature of Thermal Insulations

Standard Practice for Estimating the Maximum Use Temperature of Thermal Insulations

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is intended for use as a guide in evaluating the behavior of insulations at elevated temperatures, and in judging suitability for use under the conditions of an intended application. It is not intended for acceptance or certification testing on a lot basis.  
5.2 No single test for estimating maximum use temperature can be used that will apply to all types of insulations, nor can any single maximum use temperature be applied to any insulation that will be applicable under all possible conditions of use. Maximum use temperature depends on thickness, temperature gradient, heating rate, and other factors. When the various test methods listed herein are employed, the test results serve as guides and, as such, shall be applied with good engineering judgment in arriving at an acceptable temperature limit for the products and applications being considered.  
5.3 The criteria used to establish acceptable performance is provided in the material specification or as agreed upon by the purchaser and seller.  
5.4 In most cases, the properties covered by the applicable material standards (for example, thermal transmission, strength, and so forth) are the properties important to the end use of the product. Major changes in those properties resulting from in-service conditions often causes failure or substandard performance of the installed system.  
5.5 Unless removal and reuse of the insulation is an important consideration, properties that relate primarily to handling and installation shall be eliminated from the evaluation.
Note 1: Installation assemblies: some systems create conditions that affect the performance from the data obtained in the test procedures of this practice.  
5.6 The listing of a test procedure in this practice does not imply that the performance of that particular procedure is required. Only those tests which are relevant to the requirements of the application involved, or which are agreed upon by the purchaser and the seller are p...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers estimation of the maximum use temperature of thermal insulation including loose fill, blanket, block, board, and preformed pipe insulation. It is based upon selected performance criteria, and characterization of product properties during and after use conditions.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Aug-2022
ICS
91.100.60 - Thermal and sound insulating materials
Technical Committee
C16 - Thermal Insulation
Drafting Committee
C16.31 - Chemical and Physical Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM C421-08(2020) - Standard Test Method for Tumbling Friability of Preformed Block-Type and Preformed Pipe-Covering-Type Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
01-Mar-2020

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ASTM C447-15(2022) - Standard Practice for Estimating the Maximum Use Temperature of Thermal InsulationsASTM C447-15(2022) - Standard Practice for Estimating the Maximum Use Temperature of Thermal Insulations
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ASTM C447-15(2022) - Standard Practice for Estimating the Maximum Use Temperature of Thermal Insulations
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C447 − 15 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Practice for
Estimating the Maximum Use Temperature of Thermal
1
Insulations
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C447; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C203 Test Methods for Breaking Load and Flexural Proper-
ties of Block-Type Thermal Insulation
1.1 This practice covers estimation of the maximum use
C302 Test Method for Density and Dimensions of Pre-
temperature of thermal insulation including loose fill, blanket,
formed Pipe-Covering-Type Thermal Insulation
block, board, and preformed pipe insulation. It is based upon
C303 Test Method for Dimensions and Density of Pre-
selected performance criteria, and characterization of product
formed Block and Board–Type Thermal Insulation
properties during and after use conditions.
C335/C335M Test Method for Steady-State Heat Transfer
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
Properties of Pipe Insulation
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
C411 Test Method for Hot-Surface Performance of High-
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
Temperature Thermal Insulation
and are not considered standard.
C421 Test Method for Tumbling Friability of Preformed
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the Block-Type and Preformed Pipe-Covering-Type Thermal
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Insulation
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- C518 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. D1621 Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
Cellular Plastics
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- D1622/D1622M Test Method forApparent Density of Rigid
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Cellular Plastics
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3. Terminology
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1 Definitions contained in Terminology C168 shall be
used in this practice.
2. Referenced Documents
2 4. Summary of Practice
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C165 Test Method for Measuring Compressive Properties of
4.1 Dimensions, weight and other pertinent properties of the
Thermal Insulations insulation are measured before, during, and after exposure to a
C167 Test Methods for Thickness and Density of Blanket or
hot surface.
Batt Thermal Insulations
4.2 Propertiesduringandafterexposure,and,insomecases,
C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
the degree of change in properties are reported for use in
C177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-
establishing the maximum service temperature of the insula-
ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of
tion.
the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This practice is intended for use as a guide in evaluating
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on Thermal
the behavior of insulations at elevated temperatures, and in
Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.31 on Chemical and
Physical Properties.
judging suitability for use under the conditions of an intended
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2022. Published October 2022. Originally
application. It is not intended for acceptance or certification
approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as C447 – 15. DOI:
testing on a lot basis.
10.1520/C0447-15R22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.2 No single test for estimating maximum use temperature
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
can be used that will apply to all types of insulations, nor can
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. any single maximum use temperature be applied to any
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C447 − 15 (2022)
insulation that will be applicable under all possible conditions 5.9 Some properties of thermal insulations containing
of us
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5.1 An inherent characteristic of some alloys of austenitic stainless steel is their tendency to crack at stress points when exposed to certain corrosive environments. The mechanisms of ESCC are complex and not completely understood but are apparently related to certain metallurgical properties. Chloride and fluoride ions have the potential to induce stress corrosion cracking in the absence of inhibiting ions.3  
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1.2 The test apparatus for this purpose is a guarded-end or calibrated-end pipe apparatus. The guarded-end apparatus is a primary (or absolute) method. The guarded-end method is comparable, but not identical to ISO 8497. The ISO method does not use the calculation procedure in Practice C1045.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 When appropriate, or as required by specifications or other test methods, the following thermal transfer properties for the specimen can be calculated from the measured data (see 3.2):  
1.4.1 The pipe insulation lineal thermal resistance and conductance,  
1.4.2 The pipe insulation lineal thermal transference,  
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1.4.4 The thermal resistivity and conductivity,  
1.4.5 The areal thermal resistance and conductance, and  
1.4.6 The areal thermal transference.
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This specification covers calcium silicate block and pipe thermal insulation for use on surfaces. Thermal insulation shall be of the following types: Type I; Type IA; and Type II. Calcium silicate thermal insulation shall consist principally of hydrous calcium silicate usually with the incorporation of fibrous reinforcement. The insulation shall conform to the physical requirements specified. Following test methods shall be performed: block insulation; pipe insulation; apparent thermal conductivity; linear shrinkage after heat soaking; flexural strength; compressive strength; mass loss by tumbling; hot surface performance; surface burning characteristics; stress corrosion performance; and moisture content by dry weight.
SCOPE
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5.3 For the purpose of product design, testing should be done at a variety of R-values. At least three R-values should be used: the lowest R-value on the product label, the highest R-value on the product label, and an R-value near the midpoint of the R-value range.
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5.4 Specimens are blown in a manner consistent with the intended installation procedure. Blowing machine settings should be representative of those typically used for field application with that machine.  
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SCOPE
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1.2 This test method is a laboratory procedure for use by manufacturers of loose-fill insulation for product design, label development, and quality control testing. The apparatus used produces installed thickness results at a given mass/unit area.  
1.3 This test method is not the same as the design density procedures described in Test Methods C520 or Specifications C739 or C764.  
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