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ASTM C1728-23

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Flexible Aerogel Insulation

Standard Specification for Flexible Aerogel Insulation

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the classification and performance of flexible aerogel thermal insulation. It indicates the mechanical, chemical, and property requirements of the flexible aerogel insulation, such as its thickness, density, and flexibility. It also lists the performance requirements for Types I, II, and III flexible aerogel insulation, and the acceptable dimensions and tolerances on flexible aerogel insulation sheets.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the classification and performance of flexible aerogel thermal insulation. This will cover the range of continuous exposure operating temperatures from –321°F (–196°C) up to 1200°F (649°C).  
1.2 For satisfactory performance, properly installed protective vapor retarders or barriers shall be used on below ambient temperature applications to reduce movement of moisture through or around the insulation to the colder surface. Failure to use a vapor retarder or barrier could lead to insulation and system non-performance.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods described in this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Mar-2023
ICS
91.100.60 - Thermal and sound insulating materials
Technical Committee
C16 - Thermal Insulation
Drafting Committee
C16.23 - Blanket and Loose Fill Insulation
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM C1763-20 - Standard Test Method for Water Absorption by Immersion of Thermal Insulation Materials
Effective Date
01-May-2020

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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1728 − 23
Standard Specification for
1
Flexible Aerogel Insulation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1728; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C167 Test Methods for Thickness and Density of Blanket or
Batt Thermal Insulations
1.1 This specification covers the classification and perfor-
C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
mance of flexible aerogel thermal insulation. This will cover
C177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-
the range of continuous exposure operating temperatures from
ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of
–321°F (–196°C) up to 1200°F (649°C).
the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
1.2 For satisfactory performance, properly installed protec-
C303 Test Method for Dimensions and Density of Pre-
tive vapor retarders or barriers shall be used on below ambient
formed Block and Board–Type Thermal Insulation
temperature applications to reduce movement of moisture
C335 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Transfer Properties
through or around the insulation to the colder surface. Failure
of Pipe Insulation
to use a vapor retarder or barrier could lead to insulation and
C356 Test Method for Linear Shrinkage of Preformed High-
system non-performance.
Temperature Thermal Insulation Subjected to Soaking
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
Heat
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
C390 Practice for Sampling and Acceptance of Thermal
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
Insulation Lots
and are not considered standard.
C411 Test Method for Hot-Surface Performance of High-
1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the
Temperature Thermal Insulation
test methods described in this specification. This standard does
C447 Practice for Estimating the Maximum Use Tempera-
not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,
ture of Thermal Insulations
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
C518 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission
standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environ-
Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus
mental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
C795 Specification for Thermal Insulation for Use in Con-
limitations prior to use.
tact with Austenitic Stainless Steel
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
C1045 Practice for Calculating Thermal Transmission Prop-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
erties Under Steady-State Conditions
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
C1058 Practice for Selecting Temperatures for Evaluating
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
and Reporting Thermal Properties of Thermal Insulation
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
C1101/C1101M Test Methods for Classifying the Flexibility
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
or Rigidity of Mineral Fiber Blanket and Board Insulation
C1104/C1104M Test Method for Determining the Water
2. Referenced Documents
Vapor Sorption of Unfaced Mineral Fiber Insulation
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C1114 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission
C165 Test Method for Measuring Compressive Properties of
Properties by Means of the Thin-Heater Apparatus
Thermal Insulations
C1338 Test Method for Determining Fungi Resistance of
Insulation Materials and Facings
1
C1617 Practice for Quantitative Accelerated Laboratory
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on
Thermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.23 on
Evaluation of Extraction Solutions Containing Ions
Blanket and Loose Fill Insulation.
Leached from Thermal Insulation on Aqueous Corrosion
Current edition approved April 1, 2023. Published April 2023. Originally
of Metals
approved in 2012. Last previous edition approved in 2022 as C1728 – 22. DOI:
10.1520/C1728-23.
C1763 Test Method for Water Absorption by Immersion of
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Thermal Insulation Materials
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Building Materials
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Bo
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1728 − 22 C1728 − 23
Standard Specification for
1
Flexible Aerogel Insulation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1728; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers the classification and performance of flexible aerogel thermal insulation. This will cover the range
of continuous exposure operating temperatures from –321°F (–196°C) up to 1200°F (649°C).
1.2 For satisfactory performance, properly installed protective vapor retarders or barriers shall be used on below ambient
temperature applications to reduce movement of moisture through or around the insulation to the colder surface. Failure to use a
vapor retarder or barrier could lead to insulation and system non-performance.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods described in this specification. This standard does not
purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior
to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C165 Test Method for Measuring Compressive Properties of Thermal Insulations
C167 Test Methods for Thickness and Density of Blanket or Batt Thermal Insulations
C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
C177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the
Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
C303 Test Method for Dimensions and Density of Preformed Block and Board–Type Thermal Insulation
C335 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Transfer Properties of Pipe Insulation
C356 Test Method for Linear Shrinkage of Preformed High-Temperature Thermal Insulation Subjected to Soaking Heat
C390 Practice for Sampling and Acceptance of Thermal Insulation Lots
C411 Test Method for Hot-Surface Performance of High-Temperature Thermal Insulation
C447 Practice for Estimating the Maximum Use Temperature of Thermal Insulations
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on Thermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.23 on Blanket and Loose
Fill Insulation.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2022April 1, 2023. Published October 2022April 2023. Originally approved in 2012. Last previous edition approved in 20212022 as
C1728 – 21.C1728 – 22. DOI: 10.1520/C1728-22.10.1520/C1728-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1728 − 23
C518 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus
C795 Specification for Thermal Insulation for Use in Contact with Austenitic Stainless Steel
C1045 Practice for Calculating Thermal Transmission Properties Under Steady-State Conditions
C1058 Practice for Selecting Temperatures for Evaluating and Reporting Thermal Properties of Thermal Insulation
C1101/C1101M Test Methods for Classifying the Flexibility or Rigidity of Mineral Fiber Blanket and Board Insulation
C1104/C1104M Test Method for Determining the Water Vapor Sorption of Unfaced Mineral Fiber Insulation
C1114 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Thin-Heater Apparatus
C1338 Test Method for Determining Fungi Resistance of Insulation Materials and Facings
C1617 Practice for Quantitative Acc
...

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5.1 Research has demonstrated that in addition to the halide ion chloride; fluoride ions, when deposited and concentrated on the surface of austenitic stainless steel, can contribute to external stress corrosion cracking (ESCC) in the absence of inhibiting ions.5 Two widely used insulation specifications that are specific to ESCC allow the use of the same Test Methods C692 and C871 for evaluation of insulation materials. Both specifications require fluoride ions to be included with chloride ions when evaluating the extractable ions.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the steady-state heat transfer properties of pipe insulations. Specimen types include rigid, flexible, and loose fill; homogeneous and nonhomogeneous; isotropic and nonisotropic; circular or non-circular cross section. Measurement of metallic reflective insulation and mass insulations with metal jackets or other elements of high axial conductance is included; however, additional precautions must be taken and specified special procedures must be followed.  
1.2 The test apparatus for this purpose is a guarded-end or calibrated-end pipe apparatus. The guarded-end apparatus is a primary (or absolute) method. The guarded-end method is comparable, but not identical to ISO 8497. The ISO method does not use the calculation procedure in Practice C1045.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 When appropriate, or as required by specifications or other test methods, the following thermal transfer properties for the specimen can be calculated from the measured data (see 3.2):  
1.4.1 The pipe insulation lineal thermal resistance and conductance,  
1.4.2 The pipe insulation lineal thermal transference,  
1.4.3 The surface areal resistance and heat transfer coefficient,  
1.4.4 The thermal resistivity and conductivity,  
1.4.5 The areal thermal resistance and conductance, and  
1.4.6 The areal thermal transference.
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This specification covers calcium silicate block and pipe thermal insulation for use on surfaces. Thermal insulation shall be of the following types: Type I; Type IA; and Type II. Calcium silicate thermal insulation shall consist principally of hydrous calcium silicate usually with the incorporation of fibrous reinforcement. The insulation shall conform to the physical requirements specified. Following test methods shall be performed: block insulation; pipe insulation; apparent thermal conductivity; linear shrinkage after heat soaking; flexural strength; compressive strength; mass loss by tumbling; hot surface performance; surface burning characteristics; stress corrosion performance; and moisture content by dry weight.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers calcium silicate block and pipe thermal insulation for use on surfaces with temperatures between 80 and 1700°F (27 to 927°C), unless otherwise agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method (Section 12) described in this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C1374-18(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Installed Thickness of Pneumatically Applied Loose-Fill Building Insulation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method was designed to give the manufacturer of loose-fill insulation products a way of determining what the initial installed thickness should be in a horizontal open attic for pneumatic applications.  
5.2 The installed thickness value developed by this test method is intended to provide guidance to the installer in order to achieve a minimum mass/unit area for a given R-value.  
5.3 For the purpose of product design, testing should be done at a variety of R-values. At least three R-values should be used: the lowest R-value on the product label, the highest R-value on the product label, and an R-value near the midpoint of the R-value range.
Note 1: For quality control purposes, testing may be done at one R-value of R-19 (h×ft 2×°F/Btu) or higher.  
5.4 Specimens are blown in a manner consistent with the intended installation procedure. Blowing machine settings should be representative of those typically used for field application with that machine.  
5.5 The material blown for a given R-value as part of the installed thickness test equals the installed mass/unit area times the test chamber area. This mass can be calculated from information provided on the package label at the R-value prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the installed thickness of pneumatically applied loose-fill building insulations prior to settling by simulating an open attic with horizontal blown applications.  
1.2 This test method is a laboratory procedure for use by manufacturers of loose-fill insulation for product design, label development, and quality control testing. The apparatus used produces installed thickness results at a given mass/unit area.  
1.3 This test method is not the same as the design density procedures described in Test Methods C520 or Specifications C739 or C764.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
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