ASTM D187-94(1999)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Burning Quality of Kerosine
Standard Test Method for Burning Quality of Kerosine
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the qualitative determination of the burning properties of kerosine to be used for illuminating purposes. Note 1-Combustible. Vapor harmful. Note 2-The corresponding Institute of Petroleum (IP) test method is IP 10 which features a quantitative evaluation of the wick-charforming tendencies of the kerosine, whereas Test Method D187 features a qualitative performance evaluation of the kerosine. Both methods subject the kerosine to somewhat more severe operating conditions than would be experienced in typical designated applications.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Note 1, Notes 3 through 13, and Section 7.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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An American National Standard
Designation: D 187 – 94 (Reapproved 1999)
Standard Test Method for
Burning Quality of Kerosine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 187; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense. Replaces Method D 2106 of Federal Test Method
Standard No. 791b.
1. Scope 3. Summary of Test Method
1.1 This test method covers the qualitative determination of 3.1 The kerosine sample is burned for 16 h in a specified
the burning properties of kerosine to be used for illuminating lamp under specified conditions. The average rate of burning,
purposes. the change in the shape of the flame, and the density and color
of the chimney deposit are reported.
NOTE 1—Warning: Combustible. Vapor harmful.
NOTE 2—The corresponding Institute of Petroleum (IP) test method is
4. Significance and Use
IP 10 which features a quantitative evaluation of the wick-char-forming
4.1 Since the information provided by this method is largely
tendencies of the kerosine, whereas Test Method D 187 features a
qualitative performance evaluation of the kerosine. Both methods subject
qualitative in nature, specific limits covering the following
the kerosine to somewhat more severe operating conditions than would be
characteristics are required in referring to this method in
experienced in typical designated applications.
specifications for kerosine:
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the 4.1.1 Duration of the test: 16 h is understood, if not
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the otherwise specified.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 4.1.2 Permissible change in flame shape and dimensions
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- during the test.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard 4.1.3 Description of the acceptable appearance of the chim-
statements are given in Note 1, Note 3 through Note 13, and ney deposit.
Section 7.
5. Apparatus
2. Referenced Documents
5.1 Lamp Assembly , conforming essentially to the shape
2.1 ASTM Standards: and dimensions shown in Fig. 1. It is essential to ensure that the
D 91 Test Method for Precipitation Number of Lubricating burner fits vertically into the oil reservoir and that the wick-
Oils guide has parallel sides and is centrally disposed in relation to
D 3699 Specification for Kerosine the slot in the dome of the burner. Any distortion of the
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and wickguide or dome will hinder attainment of the prescribed
Petroleum Products flame shape and render subsequent qualitative ratings unreli-
D 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and able.
3 5
Petroleum Products 5.2 Wick , 19-mm paraffin flat, super quality, containing
2.2 Other Document: approximately 43 ends of three-ply yarn, woven double plain
Formulas for Denatured Alcohol and Rum, Treasury Dept., weave with stitching ends, one blue stripe on one face and one
U. S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms, Publi- green stripe on the reverse face, woven with approximately 16
cation No. 368 picks per 10 mm and weighing normally 15 g/m. After
weaving, the wick shall be boiled in distilled water and dried
thoroughly.
5.2.1 The wick shall then be made into rolls and left for
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-2 on
seven days before it is cut into 200-mm lengths. The lengths
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
shall then be packed into suitable containers. The ash of the
D02.E on Burner, Diesel, and Gas Turbine Fuel Oils.
wick shall not exceed 0.4 weight %.
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 1994. Published April 1994. Originally
e1
published as D 187 – 48 T. Last previous edition D 187 – 82 (1988) .
5.3 Sight Gage —A suitable flame-size measuring device,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
Available from Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing
Equipment is available from Stanhope-Seta Limited, Park Close, Englefield
Office, Washington DC 20402.
Green, Egham, Surrey, England TW20 OXD.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 187
FIG. 2 Sight Gage
7.1.2 Hydrochloric Acid—Dilute 6 N.
NOTE 4—Warning: Causes burns. Vapor harmful.
7.1.3 Kerosine:
NOTE 5—Warning: Combustible. Vapor harmful.
7.1.4 Precipitation Naphtha:
NOTE 6—Warning: Extremely flammable. Harmful if inhaled. Vapors
may cause flash fire.
7.2 Technical Precautions:
7.2.1 Test Room—It is desirable to dedicate a suitable room
for the exclusive conduct of kerosine burning tests. However,
kerosine burning tests can be conducted in any part of a room
that is adequately ventilated and reasonably free of drafts.
When necessary, the test lamp should be surrounded with a
suitable circular shield to protect from drafts. The circular
shield is to be constructed of draft-proof material of about 600
mm diameter and height.
7.2.2 Lamp Location— Place the test lamps at least 300 mm
apart and 300 mm from any wall or other obstruction.
7.2.3 Test Temperature— Maintain test room temperature
NOTE 1—All dimensions shown are in millimetres. Except where
above 15°C and allow the temperature of the kerosine to
otherwise indicated, the tolerance for chimney dimensions is 61 mm.
approach equilibrium room temperature within at least 5°C.
FIG. 1 Test Lamp
8. Sampling
accurate to 1 mm. The sight gage shown in Fig. 2 is
8.1 The fundamental objective of sampling is to obtain a
satisfactory.
sample for testing purposes that is truly representative of the
entire quantity of a given bulk product tank, batch, shipment,
6. Reagents and Materials
etc., at the time and place of sampling.
(See 7.1 for specific safety precautions)
8.2 Thus, the sampling procedures employed are to ensure
6.1 Formula 3A Denatured Ethanol—See 2.2 for reference
initial procurement of a representative sample and also pre-
document.
clude subsequent contamination or deterioration of the sample
6.2 Hydrochloric Acid, Dilute (approximately 6 N).
during handling prior to testing. To this end, kerosine samples
6.3 Kerosine—See Specification D 3699.
for burning quality testing are to be obtained and handled in
6.4 Precipitation Naphtha—See Test Method D 91, 6.1.
strict accordance with Practice D 4057 and D 4177. Rigorous
7. Precautions compliance with stipulated provisions for precautions, care,
and cleanliness during sample handling is an essential require-
7.1 Specific Safety Precautions:
ment.
7.1.1 Formula 3A Denatured Ethanol:
9. Preparation of Apparatus
NOTE 3—Warning: Flammable. Denatured—cannot be made non-
toxic. 9.1 Drain the lamp reservoir completely of any previous
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 187
kerosine (Warning—See Note 7.) sample and rinse succes-
sively several times with a small portion of the kerosine sample
to be tested.
NOTE 7—Warning: Combustible. Vapor harmful.
9.2 Clean the lamp burner thoroughly with ASTM precipi-
tation naphtha (Warning—See Note 8.) solvent, removing
completely any deposits from the wick-guide, air holes, and
ducts.
NOTE 8—Warning: Extremely flammable. Harmful if inh
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