ASTM D3231-24
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Phosphorus in Gasoline
Standard Test Method for Phosphorus in Gasoline
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Phosphorus in gasoline will damage catalytic convertors used in automotive emission control systems, and its level therefore is kept low.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of phosphorus generally present as pentavalent phosphate esters or salts, or both, in gasoline. This test method is applicable for the determination of phosphorus in the range from 0.2 mg to 40 mg P/L or 0.0008 g to 0.15 g P/U.S. gal.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 7 and 10.5.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D3231 − 24
Standard Test Method for
1
Phosphorus in Gasoline
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3231; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
Measurement System Performance
1.1 This test method covers the determination of phospho-
E832 Specification for Laboratory Filter Papers
rus generally present as pentavalent phosphate esters or salts,
or both, in gasoline. This test method is applicable for the
3. Terminology
determination of phosphorus in the range from 0.2 mg to 40 mg
3.1 Definitions:
P/L or 0.0008 g to 0.15 g P/U.S. gal.
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
to Terminology D4175.
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
provided for information only and are not considered standard. 4. Summary of Test Method
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 Organic matter in the sample is decomposed by ignition
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
in the presence of zinc oxide. The residue is dissolved in
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
sulfuric acid and reacted with ammonium molybdate and
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
hydrazine sulfate. The absorbance of the Molybdenum Blue
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
complex is proportional to the phosphorus concentration in the
For specific warning statements, see Section 7 and 10.5.
sample and is read at approximately 820 nm in a 5 cm cell.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
5. Significance and Use
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
5.1 Phosphorus in gasoline will damage catalytic convertors
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
used in automotive emission control systems, and its level
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
therefore is kept low.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
6. Apparatus
2. Referenced Documents
6.1 Buret, 10 mL capacity, 0.05 mL subdivisions.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
6.2 Constant-Temperature Bath, equipped to hold several
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
100 mL volumetric flasks submerged to the mark. Bath must
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
have a large enough reservoir or heat capacity to keep the
Petroleum Products
temperature at 82.2 °C to 87.8 °C (180 °F to 190 °F) during the
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
entire period of sample heating.
Fuels, and Lubricants
NOTE 1—If the temperature of the hot water bath drops below 82.2 °C
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
(180 °F), the color development cannot be complete.
Petroleum Products
6.3 Cooling Bath, equipped to hold several 100 mL volu-
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
metric flasks submerged to the mark in ice water.
6.4 Filter Paper, for quantitative analysis, Class G for fine
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
precipitates as defined in Specification E832.
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.03 on Elemental Analysis.
6.5 Ignition Dish—Coors porcelain evaporating dish, glazed
Current edition approved March 1, 2024. Published March 2024. Originally
inside and outside, with pourout (Size No. 00A, diameter
approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D3231 – 18. DOI:
75 mm, capacity 70 mL).
10.1520/D3231-24.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
6.6 Spectrophotometer, equipped with a tungsten lamp, a
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
red-sensitive phototube capable of operating at 830 nm and
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. with absorption cells that have a 5 cm light path.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3231 − 24
6.7 Th
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D3231 − 18 D3231 − 24
Standard Test Method for
1
Phosphorus in Gasoline
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3231; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of phosphorus generally present as pentavalent phosphate esters or salts, or both,
in gasoline. This test method is applicable for the determination of phosphorus in the range from 0.2 mg to 40 mg P/L or 0.0008 g
to 0.15 g P/U.S. gal.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for
information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 67 and 9.510.5.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measure-
ment System Performance
E832 Specification for Laboratory Filter Papers
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D4175.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.03 on Elemental Analysis.
Current edition approved April 1, 2018March 1, 2024. Published April 2018March 2024. Originally approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 20132018 as
D3231 – 13.D3231 – 18. DOI: 10.1520/D3231-18.10.1520/D3231-24.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3231 − 24
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Organic matter in the sample is decomposed by ignition in the presence of zinc oxide. The residue is dissolved in sulfuric acid
and reacted with ammonium molybdate and hydrazine sulfate. The absorbance of the Molybdenum Blue complex is proportional
to the phosphorus concentration in the sample and is read at approximately 820 nm in a 5 cm cell.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Phosphorus in gasoline will damage catalytic convertors used in automotive emission control systems, and its level therefore
is kept low.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Buret, 10 mL capacity, 0.05 mL subdivisions.
6.2 Constant-Temperature Bath, equipped to hold several 100 mL volumetric flasks submerged to the mark. Bath must have a large
enough reservoir or heat capacity to keep the temperature at 82.2 °C to 87.8 °C (180 °F to 190 °F) during the entire period of
sample heating.
NOTE 1—If the temperature of the hot water bath drops below 82.2 °C (180 °F), the color development cannot be complete.
6.3 Cooling Bath, equipped to hold several 100 mL volumetric flasks submerged to the mark in ice water.
6.4 Filter Paper, for quantitative analysis, Class G for fine precipitates as defined in Specification E832.
6.5 Ignition Dish—Coors porcelain evaporating dish, glazed inside and outside, with pourout (Size No. 00A, diameter 75 mm,
capacity
...
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