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ASTM E544-99(2004)

(Practice)

Standard Practices for Referencing Suprathreshold Odor Intensity

Standard Practices for Referencing Suprathreshold Odor Intensity

ABSTRACT
These practices are designed to outline two preferred procedures for referencing the odor intensities of any odorous material in the suprathreshold region on the ASTM Odor Intensity Referencing Scale. The method by which the reference odorant vapors are to be presented for evaluation by a panel of at least eight independent judgments is specified, but the manner by which the test sample is presented will depend on the nature of the sample, and is not defined herein. The methods, where a geometric progression scale with a ratio of 2 is recommended, are generally done by comparing the odor intensity of the sample to the odor intensities of a series of concentrations of the reference odorant 1-butanol (n-butanol). The two procedures differ in the method by which the diluted 1-butanol vapors are prepared. In Procedure A (dynamic scale method), a dynamic-dilution apparatus is used. This is equipped with a series of sniffing ports from which constant concentrations of 1-butanol emerge at constant volumetric flow rates in air. In Procedure B (static-scale method), a series of Erlenmeyer flasks containing known concentrations of 1-butanol in water is used.
SCOPE
1.1 These practices are designed to outline a preferred means for referencing the odor intensities of a material in the suprathreshold region.
1.2 The general objective is to reference the odor intensity rather than other odor properties of a sample.
1.3 These practices are designed to reference the odor intensity on the ASTM Odor Intensity Referencing Scale of any odorous material. This is done by a comparison of the odor intensity of the sample to the odor intensities of a series of concentrations of the reference odorant, which is 1-butanol (n-butanol).
1.4 The method by which the reference odorant vapors are to be presented for evaluation by the panelists is specified. The manner by which the test sample is presented will depend on the nature of the sample, and is not defined herein.
1.5 Test sample presentation should be consistent with good standard practice () and should be explicitly documented in the test report.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See for specific safety data.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Nov-2004
ICS
13.040.20 - Ambient atmospheres
Technical Committee
E18 - Sensory Evaluation
Drafting Committee
E18.04 - Test Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E544-99 - Standard Practices for Referencing Suprathreshold Odor Intensity
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Replaced By
ASTM E544-10 - Standard Practices for Referencing Suprathreshold Odor Intensity
Effective Date
01-Nov-2010
Referred By
ASTM E2892-21 - Standard Test Method for Odor and Flavor Transfer From Materials in Contact With Municipal Drinking Water
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Referred By
ASTM E1593-21 - Standard Guide for Assessing the Efficacy of Consumer Products in Reducing the Perception of Malodor
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Referred By
ASTM E3261-21 - Standard Guide for Odor Evaluation of Products and Materials Under Controlled Conditions With Trained Panel
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004

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ASTM E544-99(2004) - Standard Practices for Referencing Suprathreshold Odor IntensityASTM E544-99(2004) - Standard Practices for Referencing Suprathreshold Odor Intensity
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ASTM E544-99(2004) - Standard Practices for Referencing Suprathreshold Odor Intensity
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E544–99(Reapproved 2004)
Standard Practices for
1
Referencing Suprathreshold Odor Intensity
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E544; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 These practices are designed to outline a preferred 3.1 ASTM odor intensity referencing scale—series of
means for referencing the odor intensities of a material in the 1-butanol dilutions used to establish which concentration
suprathreshold region. exhibits an odor intensity matching that of the sample.
1.2 The general objective is to reference the odor intensity 3.2 concentration—series of concentrations of 1-butanol in
rather than other odor properties of a sample. odorless air, nitrogen, or the water diluent, made to specific
1.3 These practices are designed to reference the odor reference dilutions which serve as the reference scale, volume
intensity on the ASTM Odor Intensity Referencing Scale of basis, of 1-butanol diluted air or in water. In the latter case, the
anyodorousmaterial.Thisisdonebyacomparisonoftheodor temperature of the solution during the test should be reported.
intensity of the sample to the odor intensities of a series of 3.3 dynamic scale—referencescaleinwhichvapordilutions
concentrations of the reference odorant, which is 1-butanol arepreparedbycontinuousmixingofvaporsof1-butanolwith
(n-butanol). anodorlessgas,suchasair,toyieldconstantdilutionsofvapor
1.4 The method by which the reference odorant vapors are in the gas.
tobepresentedforevaluationbythepanelistsisspecified.The 3.4 panelists—individuals who compare the odor intensity
manner by which the test sample is presented will depend on of the sample to the reference scale. These individuals should
the nature of the sample, and is not defined herein. be able to do this with a consistency described in 5.5.
1.5 Testsamplepresentationshouldbeconsistentwithgood 3.5 perceived (sensory) odor intensity—intensity of an odor
2
standard practice (1) and should be explicitly documented in sensation which is independent of the knowledge of the
the test report. odorant concentration.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3.6 sample—material in any form exhibiting an odor that
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the needs to be measured.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 3.7 static scale—reference scale in which dilutions of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 1-butanolinwaterarepreparedinflasksandpresentedforodor
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. SeeAnnexA1 for intensity comparison from the flasks.
specific safety data. 3.8 suprathreshold odor intensity—perceived (sensory) in-
tensity of the odor in that intensity region in which the odor is
2. Referenced Documents
clearly experienced.
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4. Summary of Practice
D1292 Test Method for Odor in Water
4.1 Thereferenceodorantusedtogenerateanodorintensity
scale is 1-butanol (n-butanol). The reasons for its selection are
1
ThesepracticesareunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE18onSensory
summarized in Appendix X1. A geometric progression scale
Evaluation of Materials and Products and are the direct responsibility of Subcom-
mittee E18.04 on Fundamentals of Sensory. witharatioof2isrecommended,thatis,ascaleinwhicheach
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2004. Published December 2004. Originally
reference dilution differs in its 1-butanol concentration from
approved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as E544–99. DOI:
the preceding dilution by a factor of 2.
10.1520/E0544-99R04.
2
4.2 Two procedures, A and B, are described in these
Theboldfacenumbersinparenthesesrefertothelistofreferencesattheendof
these recommended practices.
recommended practices. They differ in the method by which
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
the diluted 1-butanol vapors are prepared.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E544–99 (2004)
NOTE 1—The relationships between the odor intensity of 1-butanol
absorption of water which will lower the vapor pressure of
concentrations in air and in water have not been evaluated. Translation of
1-butanol, and will result in a lower odorant concentration at
Procedure B data to the nu
...

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Standard Practice for Referencing Suprathreshold Odor Intensity

ABSTRACT
These practices are designed to outline two preferred procedures for referencing the odor intensities of any odorous material in the suprathreshold region on the ASTM Odor Intensity Referencing Scale. The method by which the reference odorant vapors are to be presented for evaluation by a panel of at least eight independent judgments is specified, but the manner by which the test sample is presented will depend on the nature of the sample, and is not defined herein. The methods, where a geometric progression scale with a ratio of 2 is recommended, are generally done by comparing the odor intensity of the sample to the odor intensities of a series of concentrations of the reference odorant 1-butanol (n-butanol). The two procedures differ in the method by which the diluted 1-butanol vapors are prepared. In Procedure A (dynamic scale method), a dynamic-dilution apparatus is used. This is equipped with a series of sniffing ports from which constant concentrations of 1-butanol emerge at constant volumetric flow rates in air. In Procedure B (static-scale method), a series of Erlenmeyer flasks containing known concentrations of 1-butanol in water is used.
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1.1 This practice is designed to outline a means for referencing the odor intensities of a material in the suprathreshold region.  
1.2 The general objective is to reference the odor intensity rather than other odor properties of a sample.  
1.3 This practice is designed to reference the odor intensity on the ASTM Odor Intensity Referencing Scale of any odorous material. This is done by a comparison of the odor intensity of the sample to the odor intensities of a series of concentrations of a reference odorant, for example, 1-butanol (n-butanol).  
1.4 The method by which the reference odorant vapors are to be presented for evaluation by the assessors is specified. The manner by which the test sample is presented will depend on the nature of the sample, and is not defined herein.  
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1.1 This practice is for assisting developers and users of air quality methods for sampling concentrations of both airborne and settled materials in characterizing measurements as to uncertainty. Where possible, analysis into uncertainty components as recommended in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (ISO GUM, (1)2) is suggested. Aspects of uncertainty estimation particular to air quality measurement are emphasized. For example, air quality assessment is often complicated by: the difficulty of taking replicate measurements owing to the large spatio-temporal variation in concentration values to be measured; systematic error or bias, both corrected and uncorrected; and the (rare) non-normal distribution of errors. This practice operates mainly through example. Background and mathematical development are relegated to appendices for optional reading.  
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SCOPE
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Standard Practice for Performance Evaluation of Ambient Outdoor Air Quality Sensors and Sensor-based Instruments for Portable and Fixed-point Measurement

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice establishes standardized tests for the performance evaluation of sensor-based continuous instruments for ambient air quality measurements. Public and private air monitoring interests have manifested themselves as a driving force for the deployment of air quality sensors and instruments to quantify air pollutant concentrations in communities, around schools, around industrial facilities, and elsewhere. Users of air quality sensors require information on the performance and limitations of these devices so that informed decisions regarding their suitability for various purposes can be determined. This practice describes both laboratory and field tests that provide information on candidate instrument repeatability, sensitivity, linearity, cross-interferences, drift and comparability with more costly instruments typically used by entities such as government agencies. The air quality sensors are first evaluated in a laboratory chamber by comparing their response to a reference instrument and challenging the gas sensors with interferents. The sensors are then deployed outdoors for field testing at two sites with different climates against reference air quality instruments. This practice is intended to be referenced in standards and codes that establish minimum performance quality for sensor-based ambient outdoor air monitoring.  
5.2 This practice is intended for air quality sensors that measure one or more of the criteria pollutants in ambient air (ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, PM10 and PM2.5) that can be operated in outdoor environments and can log a concentration reading. It is not intended for devices or transducers that require additional enclosures for deployment outdoors or post-processing to convert their output signal into a pollutant concentration reading.  
5.3 It is anticipated that the main users of this practice will be manufacturers, developers, and distributors of outdoor air quality sensors, air quality agenc...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes standardized tests for the performance evaluation of sensor-based continuous instruments for ambient outdoor air quality measurements. It describes both laboratory and field tests that provide information on candidate sensor repeatability, sensitivity, linearity, cross-interferences, drift, and comparability against reference instruments.  
1.2 This practice does not apply to sensors or instruments that remotely measure atmospheric pollutants using open path, lidar, or imaging technology.  
1.3 The evaluation procedures contained in this practice are for sensors that alone or in combination measure outdoor criteria pollutants in ambient air: particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), or nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at concentrations that are relevant to public health.  
1.4 Testing is to be performed by a competent entity able to demonstrate that it operates in conformity with internationally accepted test laboratory quality standards such as ISO/IEC 17025.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1914-95(2022)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Conversion Units and Factors Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 ASTM requires the use of SI units in all its publications and their use in reporting atmospheric measurement data. However, there are historic data and even data currently reported that are based on a variety of units of measurement. This practice tabulates factors that are necessary to convert such data to SI and other units of measurement.  
3.2 IEEE/ASTM SI-10 does not list all the conversion factors commonly used in air pollution and meteorological fields. This practice supplements IEEE/ASTM SI-10.  
3.3 The values reported here were obtained from a number of standard publications. They were adjusted to five figures and organized in a rational order. All values reflect the latest information from the 16th General Conference on Weights and Measurements held in 1979.  
3.4 The factors in Table 1 are provided to change units of measurement from one system to related units in other systems, as well as to smaller or larger units in the same system.  
3.5 Values of units in the left column may be converted to values of units in the right column merely by multiplying by the conversion factor provided in the center column.  (A) For specific applications and exceptions, see Terminology D1356.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides units and factors useful for members of the air pollution and meteorological communities.  
1.2 This practice is used together with IEEE/ASTM SI-10, which discusses SI units and contains selected conversion factors for inter-relation of SI units and some commonly used non-metric units.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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    6 pages
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