ASTM A805-93(1998)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Steel, Flat Wire, Carbon, Cold-Rolled
Standard Specification for Steel, Flat Wire, Carbon, Cold-Rolled
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers carbon steel flat wire in coils or cut lengths. Flat wire is classified as a cold-rolled section, rectangular in shape, 0.500 in. (12.7 mm) or less in width and under 0.250 in. (6.35 mm) in thickness.
1.2 Low-carbon steel flat wire is produced from steel compositions with a maximum carbon content of 0.25% by cast or heat analysis.
1.3 Carbon spring steel flat wire is produced to a carbon range in which the specified or required maximum is over 0.25% by cast or heat analysis.
1.3.1 Two types of carbon spring steel flat wire are produced:
1.3.1.1 Untempered cold-rolled carbon spring steel flat wire, produced to several desirable combinations of properties and
1.3.1.2 Hardened and tempered carbon spring steel wire.
1.4 Definite application flat wire is a product developed for a specific application and may be specified only by size and descriptive name.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: A 805 – 93 (Reapproved 1998)
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Specification for
Steel, Flat Wire, Carbon, Cold-Rolled
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 805; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.3 Federal Standard:
Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)
1.1 This specification covers carbon steel flat wire in coils
2.4 SAE Standard:
or cut lengths. Flat wire is classified as a cold-rolled section,
Recommended Practice SAEJ 419 Methods of Measuring
rectangular in shape, 0.500 in. (12.7 mm) or less in width and
Decarburization
under 0.250 in. (6.35 mm) in thickness.
1.2 Low-carbon steel flat wire is produced from steel
3. Terminology
compositions with a maximum carbon content of 0.25 % by
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: Descrip-
cast or heat analysis.
tions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.3 Carbon spring steel flat wire is produced to a carbon
3.1.1 annealing—the process of heating to and holding at a
range in which the specified or required maximum is over
suitable temperature and then cooling at a suitable rate, for
0.25 % by cast or heat analysis.
such purposes as reducing hardness, facilitating cold working,
1.3.1 Two types of carbon spring steel flat wire are pro-
producing a desired microstructure, or obtaining desired me-
duced:
chanical, physical, or other properties.
1.3.1.1 Untempered cold-rolled carbon spring steel flat
3.1.2 batch annealing—annealing that is generally per-
wire, produced to several desirable combinations of properties
formed in large cylindrical bell type or large rectangular box or
and
car-type furnaces. The product is protected from scaling and
1.3.1.2 Hardened and tempered carbon spring steel wire.
decarburization by the use of a controlled atmosphere that
1.4 Definite application flat wire is a product developed for
envelops the charge in an inner chamber sealed to prevent the
a specific application and may be specified only by size and
influx of air or products of combustion. The coils
descriptive name.
or bundles are heated to a temperature in the vicinity of the
2. Referenced Documents lower critical temperature for the grade of steel, and held at that
temperature for a definite length of time; after which the steel
2.1 ASTM Standards:
is allowed to cool slowly to room temperature. The time of
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
holding at the annealing temperature varies with the grade of
of Steel Products
the steel and the desired degree of softness.
A 510 Specification for General Requirements for Wire
3.1.3 continuous or strand annealing—annealing that con-
Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Carbon Steel
sists of passing a number of individual strands of flat wire
A 751 Test Methods, Practices and Terminology for Chemi-
continuously through either a muffle furnace or a bath of
cal Analysis of Steel Products
molten lead or salt, thus heating the flat wire to the desired
E 45 Practice for Determining the Inclusion Content of
temperature for a definite time. The hardness obtained by this
Steel
3 type of annealing, as measured by Rockwell hardness number,
E 112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
is normally somewhat higher than is secured by batch-type
E 140 Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals
annealing. Other characteristics peculiar to strand–annealed
2.2 Military Standards:
steel require this type of annealing for some flat wire products.
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage
3.1.4 salt annealing—annealing that is accomplished by
MIL-STD-163 Steel Mill Products, Preparation for Ship-
immersing bundles or coils of flat wire in a molten salt bath at
ment and Storage
a desired temperature for a definite time. Following the
annealing, the coils are permitted to cool slowly, after which
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A-1 on Steel,
they are immersed in hot water to remove any adhering salts.
Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
3.1.5 spheroidize annealing—an operation consisting of
A01.19 on Sheet Steel and Strip.
prolonged heating and prolonged cooling cycles to produce a
Current edition approved June 15, 1993. Published August 1993. Originally
published as A 805 – 82. Last previous edition A 805 – 91.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
4 5
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Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS Warrendale, PA 15096.
NOTICE:¬This¬standard¬has¬either¬been¬superceded¬and¬replaced¬by¬a¬new¬version¬or¬discontinued.¬
Contact¬ASTM¬International¬(www.astm.org)¬for¬the¬latest¬information.¬
A 805
NOTE 1—A typical ordering description is as follows: 18 000 lb
globular or spheroidal condition of the carbide for maximum
Low-Carbon Cold-Rolled Carbon Steel Flat Wire, Temper 4, Edge 4,
softness.
Finish 2, 0.125 by 0.450-in. vibrated coils, 2000 lb max, coil weight, 16
3.1.6 cold reduction—the process of reducing the thickness
to 20 in. ID, 36 in. max OD, Face dimension 6 to 10 in., ASTM A 805
of the strip at room temperature. The amount of reduction is
dated , for Stove Frames.
greater than that used in skin-rolling (see section 3.3).
3.1.7 finish—the degree of smoothness or lustre of the flat 5. Materials and Manufacture
wire. The production of specific finishes requires special
5.1 Low-carbon steel flat wire is normally produced from
preparation and control of the roll surfaces employed.
rimmed, capped, or semi-killed steel. When required, killed
3.1.8 hardening and tempering—a heat treatment for steel
steel may be specified, with silicon or aluminum as the
over 0.25 % carbon by cast or heat analysis involving continu-
deoxidizer.
ous strand heating at finish size to an appropriate temperature
5.2 Untempered-carbon spring steel flat wire is commonly
above the critical temperature range, followed by quenching in
produced from killed steel, although semi-killed steel is some-
oil and finally passing the strands through a tempering bath.
times used.
This heat treatment is used in the production of such commodi-
5.3 Hardened and tempered carbon spring steel flat wire
ties as oil–tempered spring wire for use in certain types of
customarily has a carbon content over 0.60 %.
mechanical springs that are not subjected to a final heat
5.4 Flat wire is generally produced from hot-rolled rods or
treatment after forming. Oil-tempered wire is intended prima-
round wire, by one or more cold-rolling operations, primarily
rily for the manufacture of products that are required to
for the purpose of obtaining the size and section desired and for
withstand high stresses. The mechanical properties and resil-
improving surface finish, dimensional accuracy, and varying
iency of oil-tempered wire provide resistance to permanent set
mechanical properties. Flat wire can also be produced from
under repeated and continuous stress applications.
slitting hot- or cold-rolled flat steel to the desired width. The
3.1.9 patenting—a thermal treatment usually confined to
hot-rolled slit flat steel is subsequently cold reduced. The width
steel over 0.25 % carbon. In this process individual strands of
to thickness ratio and the specified type of edge generally
rods or wire are heated well above the upper critical tempera-
determine the process that is necessary to produce a specific
ture followed by comparatively rapid cooling in air, molten
flat-wire item.
salt, or molten lead. This treatment is generally employed to
5.5 The production of good surface quality flat wire is
prepare the material for subsequent processing.
dependent upon scale-free and clean wire, rod, or hot-rolled
3.1.10 skin-rolled—a term denoting a relatively light cold-
steel prior to cold-rolling. Scale removal can be accomplished
rolling operation following annealing. It serves to reduce the
by chemical or mechanical cleaning.
tendency of the steel to flute or stretcher strain during fabrica-
5.6 Edge rolls, machined with contour grooves, may be used
tion. It is also used to impart surface finish, or affect hardness
in conjunction with flat-rolling passes to produce the desired
or other mechanical properties.
edge shape.
3.1.11 temper—a designation by number to indicate the
5.7 Straightness in flat wire may be controlled by the use of
hardness as a minimum, as a maximum, or as a range. The
roll straighteners alone or in conjunction with cold-rolling
tempers are obtained by the selection and control of chemical
passes.
composition, by amounts of cold reduction, and by thermal
5.8 Edges of flat wire produced by slitting wider flat-rolled
treatment.
steel can be dressed, depending upon requirements by:
5.8.1 Deburring—A process by which burrs are removed by
4. Ordering Information
rolling or filing to obtain an approximate square edge;
5.8.2 Rolling—A process by which the slit edge is dressed
4.1 Orders for material to this specification shall include the
by edge rolling to the desired contour; and
following information, as necessary, to describe adequately the
5.8.3 Filing—A process by which the slit edge is filed to a
desired product:
specific contour and dimension by passing one or more times
4.1.1 Quantity,
against a series of files mounted at various angles.
4.1.2 Name of material (flat wire identified by type),
4.1.3 Analysis or grade, if required (Section 6),
6. Chemical Composition
4.1.4 Temper of low carbon or type of spring steel (Sections
6.1 Limits:
9, 10, and 11),
6.1.1 When carbon steel flat wire is specified to chemical
4.1.5 Edge (Section 7),
composition, the compositions are commonly prepared using
4.1.6 Finish or coating (Sections 14and 12),
the ranges and limits shown in Table 1. The elements compris-
4.1.7 Dimensions,
ing the desired chemical composition are specified in one of
4.1.8 Coil type and size requirements (Section 17),
three ways:
4.1.9 Packaging (17.1),
6.1.1.1 By a maximum limit,Tables 2-5
4.1.10 Condition (oiled or not oiled) (14.4),
6.1.1.2 By a minimum limit, or
4.1.11 ASTM designation and date of issue,
6.1.1.3 By minimum and maximum limits, termed the
4.1.12 Copper-bearing steel, if required,
“range.” By common usage, the range is the arithmetical
4.1.13 Application (part identification or description), difference between the two limits (for example, 0.60 to 0.71 is
4.1.14 Case or heat analysis (request, if desired), and
0.11 range).
4.1.15 Exceptions to the specification, if required. 6.1.2 When carbon steel flat wire is produced from round
NOTICE:¬This¬standard¬has¬either¬been¬superceded¬and¬replaced¬by¬a¬new¬version¬or¬discontinued.¬
Contact¬ASTM¬International¬(www.astm.org)¬for¬the¬latest¬information.¬
A 805
TABLE 1 Cast or Heat Analysis TABLE 3 Thickness Tolerances
Standard Chemical Ranges and Limits, % Tolerances for Speci-
Specified Thickness in. (mm) fied Thickness, Plus
Element
When Maximum of Specified
and Minus, in. (mm)
Range
Element is
0.005 (0.13) to 0.010 (0.25), excl 0.0005 (0.013)
A
Carbon
0.010 (0.25) to 0.029 (0.74), excl 0.001 (0.03)
to 0.15 incl 0.05
0.029 (0.74) to 0.0625 (1.59), excl 0.0015 (0.04)
over 0.15 to 0.30 incl 0.06
0.0625 (1.59) to 0.250 (6.35), excl 0.002 (0.05)
over 0.30 to 0.40 incl 0.07
over 0.40 to 0.60 incl 0.08
over 0.60 to 0.80 incl 0.11
6.3 Product Analysis may be made by the purchaser on the
over 0.80 to 1.35 incl 0.14
finished material.
Manganese
to 0.50 incl 0.20
6.3.1 Capped or rimmed steels are not technologically
over 0.50 to 1.15 incl 0.30
suited to product analysis due to the nonuniform character of
over 1.15 to 1.65 incl 0.35
B
their chemical composition and, therefore, the tolerances in
Phosphorus
to 0.08 incl 0.03
Table 2 do not apply. Product analysis is appropriate on these
over 0.08 to 0.15 incl 0.05
types of steel only when misapplication is apparent, or for
B
Sulfur
copper when copper steel is specified.
to 0.08 incl 0.03
over 0.08 to 0.15 incl 0.05
6.3.2 For steels other than rimmed or capped, when product
over 0.15 to 0.23 incl 0.07
analysis is made by the purchaser, the chemical analysis shall
over 0.23 to 0.33 incl 0.10
C
not vary from the limits specified by more than the amounts in
Silicon
to 0.15 incl 0.08
Table 2. The several determinations of any element shall not
over 0.15 to 0.30 incl 0.15
vary both above and below the specified range.
over 0.30 to 0.60 incl 0.30
6.3.3 When flat wire is produced from round rods or wire,
Copper
When copper is required 0.20 mini- .
and when a grade number is used to specify the chemical
mum is commonly specified.
composition, the values obtained on a product analysis shall
A
Carbon—The carbon ranges shown in the column headed “Range’’ apply
not vary from the limits specified by more than the amounts in
when the specified maximum limit for manganese does not exceed 1.00 %. When
Table 10 of Specification A 510.
the maximum manganese limit exceeds 1.00 %, add 0.01 to the carbon ranges
shown above. 6.4 For referee purposes, if required, Test Methods, Prac-
B
Phosphorus and Sulfur—The standard lowest maximum limits for phosphorus
tices and Terminology A 751 shall be used.
and sulfur are 0.030 % and 0.035 % respectively. Certain qualities, descriptions, or
specifications are furnished to lower standard maximum limits.
7. Edge
C
Silicon—The standard lowest maximum for silicon is 0.10 %.
7.1 The desired edge shall be specified as follows:
A
7.1.1 Number 1 Edge is a prepared edge of a specified
TABLE 2 Tolerances for Product Analysis
contour (round or square) which is produced when a very
Tolerance, %
accurate width is required or when the finish of the edge
Limit, or Maxi-
suitable for electroplating is required, or both.
Under
Element mum of Speci-
Over Maxi-
Minimum
fied Element, % 7.1.2 Number 2 Edge is not applicable to flat wire products.
mum Limit
Limit
7.1.3 Number 3 Edge is an approximately square edge
Carbon to 0.15 incl 0.02 0.03
produced by slitting.
over 0.15 to 0.40 incl 0.03 0.04
7.1.4 Number 4 Edge is a rounded edge produced either by
over 0.40 to 0.80 incl 0.03 0.05
over 0.80 0.03 0.06
edge rolling or resulting from the flat rolling of a round section.
Manganese to 0.60 incl 0.03 0.03
Width tolerance and edge condition are not as exacting as for
over 0.60 to 1.15 incl 0.04 0.04
a No. 1 Edge.
over 1.15 to 1.65 inc
...
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