ASTM A340-18

Standard Terminology of Symbols and Definitions Relating to Magnetic Testing

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-May-2018
• ICS: 29.030 - Magnetic materials
• Technical Committee: A06 - Magnetic Properties
• Drafting Committee: A06.92 - Terminology and Definitions

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM A340-17a - Standard Terminology of Symbols and Definitions Relating to Magnetic Testing
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2018
• Replaced By: ASTM A340-19 - Standard Terminology of Symbols and Definitions Relating to Magnetic Testing
• Effective Date: 15-Feb-2019
• Referred By: ASTM A976-18 - Standard Classification of Insulating Coatings for Electrical Steels by Composition, Relative Insulating Ability and Application
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2018
• Referred By: ASTM A772/A772M-00(2022) - Standard Test Method for AC Magnetic Permeability of Materials Using Sinusoidal Current
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2018
• Referred By: ASTM A697/A697M-13(2018) - Standard Test Method for Alternating Current Magnetic Properties of Laminated Core Specimen Using Voltmeter-Ammeter-Wattmeter Methods
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2018
• Referred By: ASTM A932/A932M-01(2019) - Standard Test Method for Alternating-Current Magnetic Properties of Amorphous Materials at Power Frequencies Using Wattmeter-Ammeter-Voltmeter Method with Sheet Specimens
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2018
• Referred By: ASTM F2978-20 - Standards Guide to Optimize Scan Sequences for Clinical Diagnostic Evaluation of Metal-on-Metal Hip Arthroplasty Devices using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2018
• Referred By: ASTM A596/A596M-21 - Standard Test Method for Direct-Current Magnetic Properties of Materials Using the Point by Point (Ballistic) Method and Ring Specimens
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2018
• Referred By: ASTM A348/A348M-05(2021) - Standard Test Method for Alternating Current Magnetic Properties of Materials Using the Wattmeter-Ammeter-Voltmeter Method, 100 to 10 000 Hz and 25-cm Epstein Frame
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2018
• Referred By: ASTM A1054-16(2022) - Standard Specification for Sintered Ferrite Permanent Magnets
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2018
• Referred By: ASTM A1102-19 - Standard Specification for Sintered Samarium Cobalt (SmCo) Permanent Magnets
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2018
• Referred By: ASTM B886-19 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Magnetic Saturation (Ms) of Cemented Carbides
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2018
• Referred By: ASTM A804/A804M-04(2021) - Standard Test Methods for Alternating-Current Magnetic Properties of Materials at Power Frequencies Using Sheet-Type Test Specimens
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2018
• Referred By: ASTM A341/A341M-16(2022) - Standard Test Method for Direct Current Magnetic Properties of Soft Magnetic Materials Using D-C Permeameters and the Point by Point (Ballistic) Test Methods
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2018
• Referred By: ASTM A683-16 - Standard Specification for Nonoriented Electrical Steel, Semiprocessed Types
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2018

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:A340 −18
Standard Terminology of
1
Symbols and Definitions Relating to Magnetic Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A340; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
In preparing this terminology standard, an attempt has been made to avoid, where possible, vector
analysisanddifferentialequationssoastomakethedefinitionsmoreintelligibletotheaverageworker
in the field of magnetic testing. In some cases, rigorous treatment has been sacrificed to secure
simplicity and clarity, but it is believed that none of the definitions will prove to be misleading.
It is the intent of this terminology standard to be consistent in the use of symbols and units with
those found in IEC 60050-221:1990 International ElectrotechnicalVocabulary Chapter 221: Magnetic
materials and components. Although Committee A06 has chosen to make SI units normative, the
extensive technical and commercial literature using the older Gaussian units requires that many
definitions contain discussion about and use of both unit systems. This is not an endorsement of the
older unit system and users of this terminology are encouraged to use SI units where possible.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A06 on
Magnetic Properties and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A06.92 on
Terminology and Definitions.
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2018.PublishedJuly2018.Originallyapproved
in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as A340 – 17a. DOI: 10.1520/
A0340-18.
Part 1—Symbols Used in Magnetic Testing
Symbol Term df distortion factor
D magnetic dissipation factor
m
α cross-sectional area of B coil E exciting voltage
A cross-sectional area of specimen E induced primary voltage
1
A' solid area E induced secondary voltage
2
B E flux volts
f
magnetic flux density
f cyclic frequency in hertz
H
magnetic induction
^ magnetomotive force
ff form factor
∆B excursion range of induction H magnetic field strength
∆H excursion range of magnetic field strength
B · biased induction
b
B remanent induction H biasing magnetic field strength
d b
B remanence H coercive field strength
dm cB
H intrinsic coercive field strength
B H energy product
d d cJ
(BH) maximum energy product H demagnetizing field strength
d
max
H incremental magnetic field strength
B incremental induction
∆ ∆
B intrinsic flux density H air gap magnetic field strength
g
i
H ac magnetic field strength (from an assumed
B maximum induction in a hysteresis loop
m L
B maximum induction in a flux current loop peak value of magnetizing current)
max
H maximum magnetic field strength in a hyster-
B residual induction
r m
B retentivity esis loop
rs
H maximum magnetic field strength in a flux-
B saturation induction
max
s
current loop
cf crest factor
CM cyclically magnetized condition H ac magnetic field strength (from a measured
p
peak value of exciting current)
d lamination thickness
D demagnetizing coefficient
B
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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A340−18
H instantaneous magnetic field strength (coinci- R core resistance
t 1
dent with B ) R winding resistance
max w
H ac magnetic field strength (from an assumed S lamination factor (stacking factor)
z
peak value of exciting current) SCM symmetrically cyclically magnetized condition
I ac exciting current (rms value)
T Curie temperature
c
I ac core loss current (rms value) w lamination width
c
I constant current W hysteresis loop loss
dc h
I ac magnetizing current (rms value) linear expansion, coefficient (average)
α¯
m
J magnetic polarization
∆χ incremental tolerance
k' coupling coefficient
β hysteretic angle
! flux path length
γ loss angle
! effective flux path length
1 cos γ magnetic power factor
! gap length
g γ proton gyromagnetic ratio
p
+ (also φ N ) flux linkage
µ magnetic constant
0
+ mutual flux linkage
δ density
m
L self inductance
κ susceptibility
L core inductance
ac Permeabilities:
1
L incremental inductance
∆ µ ideal permeability
a
L intrinsic inductance
µ inductance permeability
i
L
L mutual inductance
m µ L incremental inductance permeability
∆
L initial inductance
0 µ initial dynamic permeability
0d
L series inductance
s µ peak permeability
p
L winding inductance
w µ incremental peak permeability
∆p
m magnetic moment
µ instantaneous permeability
i
M magnetization
µ impedance permeability
z
m total mass of a specimen
µ incremental impedance permeability
∆z
m active mass of a specimen
1 dc Permeabilities:
N demagnetizing factor
µ normal permeability
D
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A340 − 17a A340 − 18
Standard Terminology of
1
Symbols and Definitions Relating to Magnetic Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A340; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
In preparing this glossary of terms, terminology standard, an attempt has been made to avoid, where
possible, vector analysis and differential equations so as to make the definitions more intelligible to
the average worker in the field of magnetic testing. In some cases, rigorous treatment has been
sacrificed to secure simplicity, simplicity and clarity, but it is believed that none of the definitions will
prove to be misleading.
It is the intent of this glossary terminology standard to be consistent in the use of symbols and units
with those found in ANSI/IEEE 260-1978 and USA Standard Y 10.5-1968.IEC 60050-221:1990
International Electrotechnical Vocabulary Chapter 221: Magnetic materials and components. Although
Committee A06 has chosen to make SI units normative, the extensive technical and commercial
literature using the older Gaussian units requires that many definitions contain discussion about and
use of both unit systems. This is not an endorsement of the older unit system and users of this
terminology are encouraged to use SI units where possible.
Part 1—Symbols Used in Magnetic Testing
Symbol Term
α cross-sectional area of B coil
A cross-sectional area of specimen
A' solid area
B
magnetic flux density
H
magnetic induction
ΔB excursion range of induction
B · biased induction
b
B remanent induction
d
B remanence
dm
B H energy product
d d
(BH) maximum energy product
max
B incremental induction
Δ
B intrinsic induction
i
B intrinsic flux density
i
B maximum induction in a hysteresis loop
m
B maximum induction in a flux current loop
max
B residual induction
r
B retentivity
rs
B saturation induction
s
cf crest factor
CM cyclically magnetized condition
d lamination thickness
D demagnetizing coefficient
B
df distortion factor
D magnetic dissipation factor
m
E exciting voltage
E induced primary voltage
1
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A06 on Magnetic Properties and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A06.92 on Terminology
and Definitions.
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2017June 1, 2018. Published October 2017July 2018. Originally approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as
A340 – 17.A340 – 17a. DOI: 10.1520/A0340-17A.10.1520/A0340-18.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A340 − 18
E induced secondary voltage
2
E flux volts
f
f cyclic frequency in hertz
^ magnetomotive force
ff form factor
H magnetic field strength
ΔH excursion range of magnetic field strength
H biasing magnetic field strength
b
H coercive field strength
cB
H intrinsic coercive field strength
cJ
H demagnetizing field strength
d
H incremental magnetic field strength
Δ
H air gap magnetic field strength
g
H ac magnetic field strength (from an assumed
L
peak value of magnetizing current)
H maximum magnetic field strength in a hyster-
m
esis loop
H maximum magnetic field strength in a flux-
max
current loop
H ac magnetic field strength (from a measured
p
peak value of exciting current)
H instantaneous magnetic field strength (coinci-
t
dent with B )
max
H ac magnetic field strength force (from an as-
z
sumed peak value of exciting current)
H ac magnetic field strength (from an assumed
z
peak value of exciting current)
I ac exciting current (rms value)
I ac core loss current (rms value)
c
I constant current
dc
I ac magnetizing current (rms value)
m
J magnetic polarization
k' coupling coefficient
! flux path length
! effective flux path length
1
! gap length
g
+ (also φ N ) flux linkage
+ mutual flux linkage
m
L self inductance
L core inductance
1
L incremental inductance
Δ
L intrinsic inductance
i
L mutual inductance
m
L initial inductance
0
L series inductance
s
L winding inductance
w
m magnetic moment
M magnetization
m total mass of a specimen
m active mass of a specimen
1
N demagnetizing factor
D
N turns in a primary winding
1
N turns in a secondary winding
2
N I/! ac excitation
1 1
p magnetic pole strength
3 permeance
P active (real) power
P apparent power
a
P specific
...