ASTM F1939-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Radiant Heat Resistance of Flame Resistant Clothing Materials with Continuous Heating
Standard Test Method for Radiant Heat Resistance of Flame Resistant Clothing Materials with Continuous Heating
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is intended for the determination of the radiant heat resistance value of a material, a combination of materials, or a comparison of different materials used in flame resistant clothing for workers exposed to radiant thermal hazards.
This test method evaluates a material's heat transfer properties when exposed to a continuous and constant radiant heat source. Air movement at the face of the specimen and around the calorimeter can affect the measured heat transferred due to forced convective heat losses. Minimizing the air movement around the specimen and test apparatus will aid in the repeatability of the results.
This test method maintains the specimen in a static, vertical position and does not involve movement, except that resulting from the exposure.
This test method specifies two standard sets of exposure conditions: 21 kW/m2 [0.5 cal/cm2s] and 84 kW/m2 [2.0 cal/cm2s]. Either can be used.
5.4.1 If a different set of exposure conditions is used, it is likely that different results will be obtained.
5.4.2 The optional use of other conditions representative of the expected hazard, in addition to the standard set of exposure conditions, is permitted. However, the exposure conditions used must be reported with the results along with a determination of the exposure energy level stability.
This test method does not predict skin burn injury from the standardized radiant heat exposure.
Note 4—See Appendix X4 for additional information regarding this test method and predicted skin burn injury.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method rates the non-steady state thermal resistance or insulating characteristics of flame resistant clothing materials subjected to a continuous, standardized radiant heat exposure.
1.1.1 This test method is not applicable to clothing materials that are not flame resistant.
Note 1—The determination of a clothing material's flame resistance shall be made prior to testing and done in accordance with the applicable performance standard, specification standard, or both, for the clothing material's end-use.
1.1.2 This test method does not predict skin burn injury from the standardized radiant heat exposure as it does not account for the thermal energy contained in the test specimen after the exposure has ceased.
Note 2—See Appendix X4 for additional information regarding this test method and predicted skin burn injury.
1.2 This test method is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in brackets are mathematical conversions to inch-pound or other units that are commonly used for thermal testing.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: F1939 − 08
StandardTest Method for
Radiant Heat Resistance of Flame Resistant Clothing
1
Materials with Continuous Heating
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1939; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method rates the non-steady state thermal
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
resistance or insulating characteristics of flame resistant cloth-
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
ing materials subjected to a continuous, standardized radiant
D1777 Test Method for Thickness of Textile Materials
heat exposure.
D3776 Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) of
1.1.1 Thistestmethodisnotapplicabletoclothingmaterials
Fabric
that are not flame resistant.
E457 Test Method for Measuring Heat-Transfer Rate Using
NOTE 1—The determination of a clothing material’s flame resistance
a Thermal Capacitance (Slug) Calorimeter
shall be made prior to testing and done in accordance with the applicable
F1494 Terminology Relating to Protective Clothing
performance standard, specification standard, or both, for the clothing
2.2 ASTM Special Technical Publication:
material’s end-use.
ASTM Report, “ASTM Research Program on Electric Arc
1.1.2 This test method does not predict skin burn injury
Test Method Developments to Evaluate Protective Cloth-
from the standardized radiant heat exposure as it does not
ing Fabric; ASTM F18.65.01 Testing Group Report on Arc
account for the thermal energy contained in the test specimen
Testing Analysis of the F1959 Standard Test Method-
after the exposure has ceased.
Phase I”
NOTE 2—See Appendix X4 for additional information regarding this
ASTM Manual 12 Manual on the Use of Thermocouples in
test method and predicted skin burn injury.
Temperature Measurement
1.2 This test method is used to measure and describe the
3. Terminology
response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat under
3.1 Definitions:
controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all
3.1.1 break-open, n—in testing thermal protective
factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the
materials, a material response evidenced by the formation of a
materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
hole in the test specimen during the thermal exposure that may
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
result in the exposure energy in direct contact with the heat
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
sensor.
conversions to inch-pound or other units that are commonly
3.1.2 charring, n—the formation of a carbonaceous residue
used for thermal testing.
as the result of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.3 dripping, n—amaterialresponseevidencedbyflowing
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of the polymer.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.4 embrittlement, n—the formation of a brittle residue as
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
a result of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.5 heat flux, n—the thermal intensity indicated by the
2
amountofenergytransmitteddividedbyareaandtime;kW/m
2
(cal/cm s).
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeF23onPersonal
Protective Clothing and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
2
F23.80 on Flame and Thermal. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2008. Published February 2008. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as F1939 - 07. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/F1939-08. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F1939 − 08
3.1.6 ignition, n—the initiation of combustion. 5.2 This test method evaluates a material’s heat transfer
properties when exposed to a continuous and constant radiant
3.1.7 melting, n—a material response evidenced by soften-
heat source. Air movement at the face of the specimen and
ing of the polymer.
around the calorimeter can affect the measured heat transferred
3.1.8 non-steady state thermal resistance, n—in testing of
due to forced convective heat losses. Minimizing the air
thermal pr
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:F1939–07 Designation: F 1939 – 08
Standard Test Method for
Radiant Heat Resistance of Flame Resistant Clothing
1
Materials with Continuous Heating
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1939; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method rates the non-steady state thermal resistance or insulating characteristics of flame resistant clothing
materials subjected to a continuous, standardized radiant heat exposure.
1.1.1 This test method is not applicable to clothing materials that are not flame resistant.
NOTE 1—The determination of a clothing material’s flame resistance shall be made prior to testing and done in accordance with the applicable
performance standard, specification standard, or both, for the clothing material’s end-use.
1.1.2 This test method does not predict skin burn injury from the standardized radiant heat exposure as it does not account for
the thermal energy contained in the test specimen after the exposure has ceased.
NOTE 2—See Appendix X4 for additional information regarding this test method and predicted skin burn injury.
1.2 This test method is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat under controlled
conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products,
or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in brackets are mathematical conversions to
inch-pound or other units that are commonly used for thermal testing.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D 1777 Test Method for Thickness of Textile Materials
D 3776 Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) of Fabric
E 457 Test Method for Measuring Heat-Transfer Rate Using a Thermal Capacitance (Slug) Calorimeter
F 1494 Terminology Relating to Protective Clothing
2.2 ASTM Special Technical Publication: ASTM Report, “ASTM Research Program on Electric Arc Test Method
Developments to Evaluate Protective Clothing Fabric; ASTM F18.65.01 Testing Group Report on Arc Testing Analysis of the
F1959 Standard Test Method-Phase I”
ASTM Manual 12 Manual on the Use of Thermocouples in Temperature Measurement
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 break-open, n—in testing thermal protective materials, a material response evidenced by the formation of a hole in the
test specimen during the thermal exposure that may result in the exposure energy in direct contact with the heat sensor.
3.1.2 charring, n—the formation of a carbonaceous residue as the result of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion.
3.1.3 dripping, n—a material response evidenced by flowing of the polymer.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F23 on Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
F23.80 on Flame and Thermal.
Current edition approved Oct.Feb. 1, 2007.2008. Published November 2007.February 2008. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 19992007 as
F1939-99a. F1939 - 07.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F1939–08
3.1.4 embrittlement, n—the formation of a brittle residue as a result of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion.
3.1.5 heat flux, n—the thermal intensity indicated by the amount of energy transmitted divided by area and time; kW/m
2
2[cal/cm s].
3.1.6 ignition, n—the initiation of combustion.
3.1.7 melting, n—a material response evidenced by softening of the polymer.
3.1.8 non-steady state thermal
...
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