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ASTM D1636-99(2012)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Allyl Molding Compounds

Standard Specification for Allyl Molding Compounds

ABSTRACT
This specification provides for the identification of three types of allyl molding compounds, based on the general type of filler employed in their manufacture: Type I - High-strength materials, glass-fiber reinforced; Type II - General-purpose mineral filled; and Type III - General-purpose synthetic fiber filler. Types I and II may be subdivided into four classes according to resin composition and use as follows: Class A - Diallyl ortho-phthalate resin, nonflame-retardant; Class B - Diallyl ortho-phthalate resin, flame-retardant; Class C - Diallyl meta-phthalate resin nonflame-retardant; and Class D - Diallyl meta-phthalate resin, flame-retardant. Materials shall be compression molded, conditioned, and tested; and the individual grades shall conform to specified values of impact resistance, flexural strength, permittivity and dissipation factor, insulation resistance, flame resistance, and oxygen index.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers compression molding, thermosetting, allyl compounds as further defined in Section 3.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.Note 1—The properties included in this specification are those required to identify the molding compounds covered. There may be other requirements necessary to identify particular characteristics. These will be added to the specification as their inclusion becomes generally desirable and the necessary test data and methods become available.Note 2—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Nov-2012
ICS
83.140.99 - Other rubber and plastics products
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Drafting Committee
D20.16 - Thermosetting Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D1636-99(2004)e1 - Standard Specification for Allyl Molding Compounds
Effective Date
01-Dec-2012

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ASTM D1636-99(2012) - Standard Specification for Allyl Molding Compounds
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D1636 −99(Reapproved 2012)
Standard Specification for
Allyl Molding Compounds
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1636; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3. Classification
1.1 This specification covers compression molding, 3.1 This specification provides for the identification of three
typesofallylmoldingcompounds,basedonthegeneraltypeof
thermosetting, allyl compounds as further defined in Section 3.
filler employed in their manufacture, which shall be distin-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
guished by the requirements prescribed in Table 1.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Type I—High-strength materials, glass-fiber reinforced.
standard.
Type II—General-purpose mineral filled.
NOTE1—Thepropertiesincludedinthisspecificationarethoserequired Type III—General-purpose synthetic fiber filler.
to identify the molding compounds covered. There may be other require-
3.2 Types I and II may be subdivided into four classes
ments necessary to identify particular characteristics. These will be added
according to resin composition and use as follows:
to the specification as their inclusion becomes generally desirable and the
necessary test data and methods become available.
Class A—Diallyl ortho-phthalate resin, nonflame-retardant.
NOTE 2—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
Class B—Diallyl ortho-phthalate resin, flame-retardant.
Class C—Diallyl meta-phthalate resin nonflame-retardant.
2. Referenced Documents
Class D—Diallyl meta-phthalate resin, flame-retardant.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.3 The four classes of Type I are subdivided as follows:
D150 Test Methods forAC Loss Characteristics and Permit-
ClassesA, B, C, and D into four grades. ForType II each of the
tivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insulation
four classes is subdivided into two grades. For Type III only
D229 Test Methods for Rigid Sheet and Plate Materials
Class A compounds are produced and are available in three
Used for Electrical Insulation
grades.
D256 Test Methods for Determining the Izod Pendulum
4. General Requirements
Impact Resistance of Plastics
D257 Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance of
4.1 Themoldingcompoundshallbeofuniformcomposition
Insulating Materials
and so compounded as to conform to the requirements of this
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
specification.
D790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced
4.2 Although other than allyl resin may be added for flame
and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-
resistance and other purposes, the major part of the resin
als
portion shall be diallyl ortho-phthalate or diallyl meta-
D2863 Test Method for Measuring the Minimum Oxygen
phthalate.
Concentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion of
4.3 The apparent density, bulk factor, particle size, physical
Plastics (Oxygen Index)
form, and color of the compounds shall be as agreed upon
D3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics
between the purchaser and supplier.
D5224 PracticeforCompressionMoldingTestSpecimensof
Thermosetting Molding Compounds
5. Detail Requirements
5.1 Average results obtained on test specimens, each
compression-molded using the manufacturer’s recommended
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on
techniques, shall conform to the requirements listed in Table 2.
Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.16 on Thermosetting
Materials.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2012. Published December 2012. Originally 6. Sampling
ε1
approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D1636 - 99(2004) .
6.1 Adequate statistical sampling shall be used.
DOI: 10.1520/D1636-99R12.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
6.2 Abatch of molding compound shall be considered a unit
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
of manufacture and may consist of a blend of two or more
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. production runs of the same material.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D1636−99 (2012)
TABLE 1 Types, Classes, and Grades of Allyl Molding
isopropyl alcohol. Air dry the sample before assembly, using
Compounds
stainless steel terminals which have been washed in isopropyl
Type Class Grade Description
alcohol. The use of clean cotton or polyethylene gloves during
I A, B, C, D 1 Long-glass fiber reinforcement
assembly is required since skin oils contaminate the plastic
2 Medium-glass fiber reinforcement
surface and have been shown to seriously affect results. Insert
3 Short-glass fiber reinforcement
one binding post through a hole drilled through the center of
II A, B, C, D 4 High-impact, long-glass fiber reinforcement
the disk. Space the other two electrodes 32 mm from the center
III A 1 Mineral-filled
electrode. Make test measurements between the center elec-
2 Mineral and organic fiber-filled
trode and each of the other binding posts. The machine screw
1 Acrylic fiber reinforcement, short fiber
and washers shall be of stainless steel, the screw of a size to
2 Polyester fiber reinforcement, long fiber
match the washer size specified in the figure illustrating
3 Polyester fiber reinforcement, milled fiber
Binding-Post Electrodes for Flat, Solid Specimens of Test
Methods D257. Two specimens may then be mounted in a
wide-mouth jar with the leads going through a TFE-
NOTE 3—Some molding compounds are light and fluffy. The resin may
fluorocarbon cover. Condition each specimen 720 h at 60°C
have a tendency to separate out to a degree and should be thoroughly
mixed before sampling. and 95 % relative humidity, and measure the insulation resis-
tance under the same conditions without removal from the
7. Specimen Preparation
environmental chamber.
7.1 Test specimens shall be compression molded in accor-
9.6 Flame Resistance—Method II under Flame Resi
...

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Standard Specification for Polymeric Piles

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the physical and performance requirements for round and rectangular cross-section polymeric piles in axial and lateral load-bearing applications including, by not limited to, marine, waterfront, and corrosive environments. It does not apply to individual polymeric pile products, sheet piles, and other mechanically connected polymeric pile products using inter-locking systems. Covered here are six types of polymeric piles that are fabricated from materials that may be virgin, recycled, or both, as long as the finished product meets all of the criteria specified herein. These types are: Type I, polymeric only; Type II, polymeric with reinforcement in the form of chopped, milled or continuous fiber or mineral; Type III, polymeric with reinforcement in the form of metallic bars, cages, or shapes; Type IV, polymeric with reinforcement in the form of non-metallic bars or cages; Type V, polymeric composite tube with a concrete core; and Type VI, any other polymeric piling meeting the requirements stated herein and not otherwise described by Types I through V. The polymeric tiles shall adhere to specified physical attributes such as size, cross-sectional shape, length, straightness, placement of reinforcement, and surface conditions. The performance requirements which pile specimens shall conform to include creep rupture, serviceability, flexural properties, shear strength, bearing strength, design flexural stiffness, energy absorption, compressive strength, combined stresses, dimensional stability (thermal expansion), hygrothermal cycling, and flame spread index.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification addresses the use of round and rectangular cross-section polymeric piles in axial and lateral load-bearing applications, including but not limited to marine, waterfront, and corrosive environments.  
1.2 This specification is only applicable to individual polymeric pile products. Sheet pile and other mechanically connected polymeric pile products using inter-locking systems, are not part of this specification.  
1.3 The piling products considered herein are characterized by the use of polymers, whereby (1) the pile strength or stiffness requires the inclusion of the polymer, or (2) a minimum of fifty percent (50 %) of the weight or volume is derived from the polymer. The type classifications of polymeric piles described in Section 4 show how they can be reinforced by composite design for increased stiffness or strength.  
1.4 This specification covers polymeric piles fabricated from materials that are virgin, recycled, or both, as long as the finished product meets all of the criteria specified herein. Diverse types and combinations of inorganic filler systems are permitted in the manufacturing of polymeric piling products. Inorganic fillers include such materials as talc, mica, silica, wollastonite, calcium carbonate, etc. Pilings are often placed in service where they will be subjected to continuous damp or wet exposure conditions. Due to concerns of water sensitivity and possible affects on mechanical properties in such service conditions, organic fillers, including lignocellulosic materials such as those made or derived from wood, wood flour, flax shive, rice hulls, wheat straw, and combinations thereof, are not permitted in the manufacturing of polymeric piling products.  
1.5 The values are stated in inch-pound units as these are currently the most common units used by the construction industry.  
1.6 Polymeric piles under this specification are designed using design stresses determined in accordance with Test Methods D6108, D6109, and D6112 and procedures contained within this specification unless otherwise specified.  
1.7 Although in some instances it will be an important component of the pile design, frictional properties are currently beyond the scope of this document.  
1.8 Criteria for design are included as part of this specification for polymeric piles. Certain Types and...

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ASTM
ASTM D7486-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fines and Dust Particles on Plastic Pellets by Wet Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Molding and extruding plastic pellets require dust free, dry pellets to prevent processing problems. Plastic producers try to remove the dust and streamers with dust removal systems prior to packaging and loading. How to accurately measure dust and streamer content in plastic pellets is an important quality control issue.  
5.2 Particle size analysis is used to determine a percentage of particle size distribution from a representative sample of the whole. In terms of size analysis concerning plastic pellets, sieving is used to determine the dust content in the range of 500 to 2000 micron. Test Method D1921, Test Method B, is used to determine this type of particle sizing.  
5.3 After dry sieve analysis, particles smaller than 500 microns need to be analyzed by wet method. A fresh sample shall be used for wet analysis. This test method allows washing down the fines attached to the pellets by electrostatic forces.  
5.4 The wet analysis provides accurate quantification of small to large amounts of fines, negating static effects, and eliminating detrimental effects of mechanical agitation. A wet analysis must be employed to accurately quantify lower PPM dust levels in plastic pellets.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method measures the amount of fine particles adhered on plastic pellets or granules in which they are commonly produced and supplied. The lower limit of this test method is restricted only by the porosity of the filter disc used to capture the particle size being quantified.  
1.2 The wet analysis technique allows for separation and collection of statically charged particles by liquid wash and filtration methods. This must be performed under standard laboratory conditions.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.4 This test method describes an essential practice to check the quality of plastics once the production cycle is terminated and to evaluate the performance of pellet cleaning systems or of the special pneumatic conveying systems for the distinct size fractions below 500 micron only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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