ASTM D6581-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Bromate, Bromide, Chlorate, and Chlorite in Drinking Water by Suppressed Ion Chromatography
Standard Test Methods for Bromate, Bromide, Chlorate, and Chlorite in Drinking Water by Suppressed Ion Chromatography
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The oxyhalides chlorite, chlorate, and bromate are inorganic disinfection by-products (DBPs) of considerable health risk concern worldwide. The occurrence of chlorite and chlorate is associated with the use of chlorine dioxide, as well as hypochlorite solutions used for drinking water disinfection. The occurrence of bromate is associated with the use of ozone for disinfection, wherein naturally occurring bromide is oxidized to bromate. Bromide is a naturally occurring precursor to the formation of bromate.
SCOPE
1.1 This multi-test method covers the determination of the oxyhalides—chlorite, bromate, and chlorate, and bromide, in raw water, finished drinking water and bottled (non-carbonated) water by chemically and electrolytically suppressed ion chromatography. The ranges tested using this method for each analyte were as follows: RangeSections Test Method A:
Chemically Suppressed Ion Chromatography8 to 18 Chlorite20 to 500 µg/L Bromate5 to 30 µg/L Bromide20 to 200 µg/L Chlorate20 to 500 µg/L Test Method B:
Electrolytically Suppressed Ion Chromatography19 to 29 Chlorite20 to 1000 µg/L Bromate1 to 30 µg/L Bromide20 to 200 µg/L Chlorate20 to 1000 µg/L
1.1.1 The upper limits may be extended by appropriate sample dilution or by the use of a smaller injection volume. Other ions of interest, such as fluoride, chloride, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate may also be determined using this method. However, analysis of these ions is not the object of this test method.
1.2 It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of these test methods for waters of untested matrices.
1.3 This test method is technically equivalent with Part B of U.S. EPA Method 300.1 , titled “The Determination of Inorganic Anions in Drinking Water by Ion Chromatography”.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D6581 − 08
StandardTest Methods for
Bromate, Bromide, Chlorate, and Chlorite in Drinking Water
1
by Suppressed Ion Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6581; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.1 This multi-test method covers the determination of the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
oxyhalides—chlorite, bromate, and chlorate, and bromide, in
raw water, finished drinking water and bottled (non-
2. Referenced Documents
carbonated) water by chemically and electrolytically sup-
3
pressed ion chromatography. The ranges tested using this
2.1 ASTM Standards:
method for each analyte were as follows: D1129Terminology Relating to Water
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
Range Sections
Test Method A: 8 to 18
D2777Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
Chemically Suppressed
Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
Ion Chromatography
D3370Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
Chlorite 20 to 500 µg/L
Bromate 5 to 30 µg/L
D3856Guide for Management Systems in Laboratories
Bromide 20 to 200 µg/L
Engaged in Analysis of Water
Chlorate 20 to 500 µg/L
D5810Guide for Spiking into Aqueous Samples
Test Method B: 19 to 29
Electrolytically
D5847Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications
Suppressed Ion
for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
Chromatography
Chlorite 20 to 1000 µg/L
Bromate 1 to 30 µg/L
3. Terminology
Bromide 20 to 200 µg/L
Chlorate 20 to 1000 µg/L
3.1 Definitions—For definition of terms used in the test
methods, refer to Terminology D1129.
1.1.1 The upper limits may be extended by appropriate
sample dilution or by the use of a smaller injection volume.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Otherionsofinterest,suchasfluoride,chloride,nitrite,nitrate,
3.2.1 analytical column—the ion exchange column used to
phosphate, and sulfate may also be determined using this
separate the ions of interest according to their retention
method. However, analysis of these ions is not the object of
characteristics prior to detection.
this test method.
3.2.2 analytical column set—a combination of one or more
1.2 It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the validity of
guard columns, followed by one or more analytical columns
these test methods for waters of untested matrices.
usedtoseparatetheionsofinterest.Allofthecolumnsinseries
then contribute to the overall capacity and resolution of the
1.3 ThistestmethodistechnicallyequivalentwithPartBof
2
analytical column set.
U.S. EPA Method 300.1 , titled “The Determination of Inor-
ganic Anions in Drinking Water by Ion Chromatography”. 3.2.3 eluent—the ionic mobile phase used to transport the
sample through the chromatographic system.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3.2.4 guard column—a column used before the analytical
column to protect it from contaminants, such as particulates or
irreversibly retained material.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on
Water and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic
Constituents in Water.
3
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 2008. Published September 2008. Originally For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D6581–00(2005). contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
DOI: 10.1520/D6581-08. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
2
U.S. EPA Method 300.1, Cincinnati, OH, 1997. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6581 − 08
3.2.5 ion chromatography—a form of liquid chromatogra- tion should be taken to ensure the cleanliness of sample
phy in which ionic constituents are separated by ion exchange containersaswellasothermaterialsandapparatusthatcomein
then detected by an appropriate detection means, typically contact with the sample.
conductance.
7. Sampling and Sample Preservation
3.2.6 resolution—the ability of an analytical column to
7.1 Collect the sample in accordance with Practice D3370,
separate the method analytes under specific test conditions.
as applicable.
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D 6581–00 (Reapproved 2005)
Standard Test Method for Bromate, Bromide, Chlorate, and
Chlorite in Drinking Water by Chemically Suppressed Ion
ChromatographyDesignation:D6581–08
Standard Test Methods for
Bromate, Bromide, Chlorate, and Chlorite in Drinking Water
1
by Suppressed Ion Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6581; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This multi-test method covers the determination of the oxyhalides -—chlorite, bromate, and chlorate, and bromide, in raw
water, finished drinking water and bottled (non-carbonated) water by chemically and electrolytically suppressed ion chromatog-
raphy. The ranges tested using this method for each analyte were as follows:
Range Sections
Test Method A: 8to18
Chemically Suppressed Ion Chromatography
Chlorite 20 to 500 µg/L
Bromate 5 to 30 µg/L
Bromide 20 to 200 µg/L
Chlorate 20 to 500 µg/L
Test Method B: 19 to 29
Electrolytically Suppressed Ion Chromatography
Chlorite 20 to 1000 µg/L
Bromate 1to30µg/L
Bromide 20 to 200 µg/L
Chlorate 20 to 1000 µg/L
1.1.1 The upper limits may be extended by appropriate sample dilution or by the use of a smaller injection volume. Other ions
of interest, such as fluoride, chloride, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate may also be determined using this method. However,
analysis of these ions is not the object of this test method.
1.2 It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the validity of these test methods for waters of untested matrices.
2
1.3 This test method is technically equivalent with Part B of U.S. EPAMethod 300.1 , titled “The Determination of Inorganic
Anions in Drinking Water by Ion Chromatography”.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituents
in Water.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2005. Published January 2005.
Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D6581–00.
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 2008. Published September 2008. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D 6581 – 00 (2005).
2
U.S. EPA Method 300.1, Cincinnati, OH, 1997.
3
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6581–08
D 2777Standard Practice Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias ofApplicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on
Water
D 3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
D 3856 Guide for Good Laboratory Practices in Laboratories Engaged in Sampling and Analysis of Water
D 5810Standard Guide Guide for Spiking into Aqueous Samples
D 5847Standard Practice Practice for theWriting Quality Control Specifications for StandardTest Methods forWaterAnalysis
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definition of terms used in the test methods, refer to Terminology D 1129.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 ion chromatography—a form of liquid chromatography in which ionic constituents are separated by ion exchange then
detected by an appropriate detection means, typically conductance.
3.2.2eluent—the ionic mobile phase used to transport the sample through the chromatographic system.
3.2.3analytical column—theionexchangecolumnusedtoseparatetheionsofinterestaccordingtotheirretentioncharacteristics
prior to detection.
3.2.2 analytical column set—a combination of one or more guard columns, followed by one or more analytical columns used
to separate
...
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