ASTM D1856-09(2015)

Standard Test Method for Recovery of Asphalt From Solution by Abson Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The asphalt should be extracted from the aggregate-asphalt mixture in accordance with Method A of Test Methods D2172 (centrifuge method) as there is some experimental evidence that the recovered asphalt may have slightly lower penetration values when recovered from solutions obtained from hot extraction methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the recovery by the Abson method of asphalt from a solution from a previously conducted extraction. The asphalt is recovered with properties substantially the same as those it possessed in the bituminous mixture and in quantities sufficient for further testing.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-2014
• ICS: 91.100.50 - Binders. Sealing materials
• ICS: 93.080.20 - Road construction materials
• Technical Committee: D04 - Road and Paving Materials
• Drafting Committee: D04.25 - Analysis of Asphalt Mixtures

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D1856 − 09 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test Method for
Recovery of Asphalt From Solution by Abson Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1856; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D4080Specification for Trichloroethylene, Technical and
Vapor-Degreasing Grade
1.1 This test method covers the recovery by the Abson
D6368Specification for Vapor-Degreasing Solvents Based
methodofasphaltfromasolutionfromapreviouslyconducted
on normal-Propyl Bromide and Technical Grade normal-
extraction. The asphalt is recovered with properties substan-
Propyl Bromide
tially the same as those it possessed in the bituminous mixture
E1Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
and in quantities sufficient for further testing.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the 3. Summary of Test Method
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
3.1 The solution of solvent and asphalt from an asphalt mix
information only.
extraction is distilled under prescribed conditions to a point
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
where most of the solvent has been distilled, at which time
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
carbon dioxide gas is introduced into the distillation process to
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
remove all traces of the extraction solvent. The recovered
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
asphalt (distillation residue) can then be subjected to further
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
testing as required.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
4. Significance and Use
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4.1 The asphalt should be extracted from the aggregate-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
asphalt mixture in accordance with MethodAofTest Methods
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
D2172 (centrifuge method) as there is some experimental
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
evidence that the recovered asphalt may have slightly lower
penetration values when recovered from solutions obtained
2. Referenced Documents
from hot extraction methods.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Apparatus
C670Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
5.1 Centrifuge, batch unit capable of exerting a minimum
D2172TestMethods for Quantitative ExtractionofBitumen
centrifugal force of 770 times gravity or continuous unit
From Bituminous Paving Mixtures
capable of exerting a minimum force of 3000 times gravity.
D2939Test Methods for Emulsified Bitumens Used as
5.2 Centrifuge Tubes—A supply of wide-mouth bottles or
Protective Coatings (Withdrawn 2012)
centrifuge tubes may be used for the batch unit. A tube as
illustrated in Fig. 1 has been found satisfactory for the
This method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and
continuous unit.
Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.25 on
Analysis of Asphalt Mixtures. 5.3 DistillationAssembly,asshowninFig.2,andconsisting
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2015. Published February 2015. Originally
of the following items:
approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D1856–09. DOI:
5.3.1 Extraction Flasks—Two 250-ml, wide-mouth, heat-
10.1520/D1856-09R15.
resistant flasks, one for distillation and the other for the
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
receiver.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
5.3.2 Glass Tubing—Heat-resistant glass tubing, having
the ASTM website.
3 10-mm inside diameter and gooseneck shaped (as shown in
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
Fig. 2) for connecting the flask to the condenser.
www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D1856 − 09 (2015)
FIG. 1 Centrifuge Tube Example
FIG. 2 Distillation Assembly for Bitumen Recovery
D1856 − 09 (2015)
5.3.3 InletAerationTube, atleast180mminlength,having well-ventilated area, since they are toxic to various degrees.
a 6-mm outside diameter with a 10-mm bulb carrying six Consult the currentThreshold Limit Concentration Committee
staggered side holes approximately 1.5 mm in diameter. of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hy-
5.3.4 ElectricHeatingMantle,withvariabletransformer,oil gienists for the current threshold limit values.
bath, or fluidized sand bath, to fit a 250-ml flask.
7.2 Thesesolventsinthepresenceofheatandmoisturemay
5.3.5 Water-Jacketed Condenser, Allihn type, with 200-mm
be hydrolyzed to form acids that are extremely corrosive to
minimum jacket length or equivalent.
certain metals, particularly when subject to contact over
5.3.6 Thermometer—AnASTMLowDistillationThermom-
lengthy periods of time. Proper precautions should be taken to
eter7Eor7F,asspecified,havingarangefrom−2to300°Cor
not allow these solvents to remain in small quantities in the
30 to 580°F, respectively, and conforming to the requirements
effluent tanks of aluminum vacuum extractors.
in Specification E1.
7.3 Exposure of these solvents or their vapors to high
5.3.7 Gas Flowmeter, as shown in Fig. 2, or any flowmeter
temperaturessuchascontactwithflames,hotglowingsurfaces,
capable of indicating a gas flow of up to 1000 ml/min.
or electric arcs can produce decomposition products such as
5.3.8 Corks, No. 20, drilled as shown in Fig. 2.
hydrogen chloride. Steel drums containing these solvents
5.3.9 Flexible Elastomeric Tubing, resistant to chlorinated
shouldbestoredinacool,drylocation,kepttightlysealed,and
solvents having sufficient length and size to connect the
opened as infrequently as possible. The hydrogen chloride in
aerationtubetoflowmeter,andequippedwithapinchclampor
decomposed solvent may harden an asphalt during the extrac-
stopcock to close aeration tube prior to introducing carbon
tion and recovery test.
dioxide.
5.3.10 Separatory Funnel, (Alternative Procedure, see
8. Sample
9.3.1) 125-ml capacity.
8.1 Thesampleshallconsistofthesolutionfromaprevious
6. Reagents and Materials
extraction by Method A of Test Methods D2172 of asphalt-
aggregatemixtureofsufficientquantitytoresultin75to100g
6.1 Carbon Dioxide Gas—A pressurized tank, with
of recovered bitumen. More or less quantities of bitumen may
pressure-reducing valve or other convenient source.
berecovered;however,thepropertiesoftherecoveredbitumen
6.2 Solvents:
may not be in agreement with those recovered of the afore-
6.2.1 The solvent for extracting the asphalt from mixtures
mentioned quantities, and in case of a disagreement, 75 to 100
may be trichloroethylene, conforming with Specification
g should be recovered.
D4080.
8.2 During the extraction process, it is important that all of
6.2.2 The solvent for extracting the asphalt from mixtures
the asphalt in the mixture be extracted as there could be some
may be Normal Propyl Bromides (nPB). This solvent should
selective solvency of the asphalt and the harder, more viscous
conform to Specification D6368.
components of the asphalt might be left in the mixture if
6.2.3 The solvent for extracting the asphalt from mixtures
extraction is not carried to completion.
may be reagent grade Methylene Chloride.
8.3 Since heavy petroleum distillates such as mineral spirits
7. Precautions
or kerosine will affect the properties of the recovered asphalt,
7.1 Warning—Thesolventlistedin6.2shouldbeusedonly it is important to avoid the use of such solvents in cleaning the
under a hood or with an effective surface exhaust system in a
extraction and recovery apparatus and use only trichloroethyl-
ene for cleaning. Residues of heavy petroleum solvents on the
equipmentmaycontaminatetherecoveredasphaltandaffectits
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
testproperties.Itisalsonecessarytousenewfilterrings,clean
is Inlet Aeration Tube, Part No. 226, available from Wm. A. Sales, Ltd., 419
Harvester Court, Wheeling, Ill. 60090; request Part No. 226. If you are aware of felt pads, or other uncontaminated filtering media in the
alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International
extraction process to avoid contamination from a previous
Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the
1 extraction.
responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
8.4 Generally, the bitumen in mixtures will progressively
is The Monostat Corp. “Flowmeter” No. 9144. If you are aware of alternative
harden when exposed to air, particularly if the mixtures are in
suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters.
Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible a loose condition. Therefore, it is important to protect bitumi-
technical committee, which you may attend.
nous mixtures from exposure to air and preferably to store
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
them in airtight containers at a temperature below 0°C (32°F)
is Kimball separatory funnel No. 29028. If you are aware of alternative suppliers,
until they can be tested. When samples of bituminous mixture
please provide this information to ASTM Inte
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1856 − 09 D1856 − 09 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test Method for
Recovery of Asphalt From Solution by Abson Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1856; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the recovery by the Abson method of asphalt from a solution from a previously conducted
extraction. The asphalt is recovered with properties substantially the same as those it possessed in the bituminous mixture and in
quantities sufficient for further testing.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information
only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials
D2172 Test Methods for Quantitative Extraction of Bitumen From Bituminous Paving Mixtures
D2939 Test Methods for Emulsified Bitumens Used as Protective Coatings (Withdrawn 2012)
D4080 Specification for Trichloroethylene, Technical and Vapor-Degreasing Grade
D6368 Specification for Vapor-Degreasing Solvents Based on normal-Propyl Bromide and Technical Grade normal-Propyl
Bromide
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 The solution of solvent and asphalt from an asphalt mix extraction is distilled under prescribed conditions to a point where
most of the solvent has been distilled, at which time carbon dioxide gas is introduced into the distillation process to remove all
traces of the extraction solvent. The recovered asphalt (distillation residue) can then be subjected to further testing as required.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The asphalt should be extracted from the aggregate-asphalt mixture in accordance with Method A of Test Methods D2172
(centrifuge method) as there is some experimental evidence that the recovered asphalt may have slightly lower penetration values
when recovered from solutions obtained from hot extraction methods.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Centrifuge, batch unit capable of exerting a minimum centrifugal force of 770 times gravity or continuous unit capable of
exerting a minimum force of 3000 times gravity.
5.2 Centrifuge Tubes—A supply of wide-mouth bottles or centrifuge tubes may be used for the batch unit. A tube as illustrated
in Fig. 1 has been found satisfactory for the continuous unit.
5.3 Distillation Assembly, as shown in Fig. 2, and consisting of the following items:
This method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.25 on Analysis of
BituminousAsphalt Mixtures.
Current edition approved July 1, 2009Jan. 1, 2015. Published August 2009February 2015. Originally approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 20032009 as
D1856 – 95a (2003).D1856 – 09. DOI: 10.1520/D1856-09.10.1520/D1856-09R15.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D1856 − 09 (2015)
FIG. 1 Centrifuge Tube Example
FIG. 2 Distillation Assembly for Bitumen Recovery
5.3.1 Extraction Flasks—Two 250-ml, wide-mouth, heat-resistant flasks, one for distillation and the other for the receiver.
5.3.2 Glass Tubing—Heat-resistant glass tubing, having 10-mm inside diameter and gooseneck shaped (as shown in Fig. 2) for
connecting the flask to the condenser.
D1856 − 09 (2015)
5.3.3 Inlet Aeration Tube, at least 180 mm in length, having a 6-mm outside diameter with a 10-mm bulb carrying six staggered
side holes approximately 1.5 mm in diameter.
5.3.4 Electric Heating Mantle, with variable transformer, oil bath, or fluidized sand bath, to fit a 250-ml flask.
5.3.5 Water-Jacketed Condenser, Allihn type, with 200-mm minimum jacket length or equivalent.
5.3.6 Thermometer—An ASTM Low Distillation Thermometer 7E or 7F, as specified, having a range from −2 to 300°C or 30
to 580°F, respectively, and conforming to the requirements in Specification E1.
5.3.7 Gas Flowmeter, as shown in Fig. 2, or any flowmeter capable of indicating a gas flow of up to 1000 ml/min.
5.3.8 Corks, No. 20, drilled as shown in Fig. 2.
5.3.9 Flexible Elastomeric Tubing, resistant to chlorinated solvents having sufficient length and size to connect the aeration tube
to flowmeter, and equipped with a pinch clamp or stopcock to close aeration tube prior to introducing carbon dioxide.
5.3.10 Separatory Funnel, (Alternative Procedure, see 9.3.1) 125-ml capacity.
6. Reagents and Materials
6.1 Carbon Dioxide Gas—A pressurized tank, with pressure-reducing valve or other convenient source.
6.2 Solvents
6.2.1 The solvent for extracting the asphalt from mixtures may be trichloroethylene, conforming with Specification D4080.
6.2.2 The solvent for extracting the asphalt from mixtures may be Normal Propyl Bromides (nPB). This solvent should conform
to Specification D6368.
6.2.3 The solvent for extracting the asphalt from mixtures may be reagent grade Methylene Chloride.
7. Precautions
7.1 Warning—The solvent listed in 6.2 should be used only under a hood or with an effective surface exhaust system in a
well-ventilated area, since they are toxic to various degrees. Consult the current Threshold Limit Concentration Committee of the
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists for the current threshold limit values.
7.2 These solvents in the presence of heat and moisture may be hydrolyzed to form acids that are extremely corrosive to certain
metals, particularly when subject to contact over lengthy periods of time. Proper precautions should be taken to not allow these
solvents to remain in small quantities in the effluent tanks of aluminum vacuum extractors.
7.3 Exposure of these solvents or their vapors to high temperatures such as contact with flames, hot glowing surfaces, or electric
arcs can produce decomposition products such as hydrogen chloride. Steel drums containing these solvents should be stored in a
cool, dry location, kept tightly sealed, and opened as infrequently as possible. The hydrogen chloride in decomposed solvent may
harden an asphalt during the extraction and recovery test.
8. Sample
8.1 The sample shall consist of the solution from a previous extraction by Method A of Test Methods D2172 of
asphalt-aggregate mixture of sufficient quantity to result in 75 to 100 g of recovered bitumen. More or less quantities of bitumen
may be recovered; however, the properties of the recovered bitumen may not be in agreement with those recovered of the
aforementioned quantities, and in case of a disagreement, 75 to 100 g should be recovered.
8.2 During the extraction process, it is important that all of the asphalt in the mixture be extracted as there could be some
selective solvency of the asphalt and the harder, more viscous components of the asphalt might be left in the mixture if extraction
is not carried to completion.
8.3 Since heavy petroleum distillates such as mineral spirits or kerosine will affect the properties of the recovered asphalt, it is
important to avoid the use of such solvents in cleaning the extraction and recovery apparatus and use only trichloroethylene for
cleaning. Residues of heavy petroleum solvents on the equipment may contaminate the recovered asphalt and affect its test
properties. It is also necessary to use new filter rings, clean felt pads, or other uncontaminated filtering media in the extraction
process to avoid contamination from a previous extraction.
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is Inlet Aeration Tube, Part No. 226, available from Wm. A. Sales, Ltd., 419 Harvester
Court, Wheeling, Ill. 60090; request Part No. 226. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your
comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is The Monostat Corp. “Flowmeter” No. 9144. If you are aware of alternative suppliers,
please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,
which you may attend.
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is Kimball separatory funnel No. 29028. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please
provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which
you may attend.
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Inc. (ACGIH), 1330
Kemper Meadow Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45240, (http://w
...