ASTM C1720-17

Standard Test Method for Determining Liquidus Temperature of Waste Glasses and Simulated Waste Glasses

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This procedure can be used for (but is limited to) the following applications:
(1) support glass formulation development to make sure that processing criteria are met,
(2) support production (for example, processing or troubleshooting), and
(3) support model validation.
SCOPE
1.1 These practices cover procedures for determining the liquidus temperature (TL) of nuclear waste, mixed nuclear waste, simulated nuclear waste, or hazardous waste glass in the temperature range from 600°C to 1600°C. This method differs from Practice C829 in that it employs additional methods to determine TL. TL is useful in waste glass plant operation, glass formulation, and melter design to determine the minimum temperature that must be maintained in a waste glass melt to make sure that crystallization does not occur or is below a particular constraint, for example, 1 volume % crystallinity or T1%. As of now, many institutions studying waste and simulated waste vitrification are not in agreement regarding this constraint (1).  
1.2 Three methods are included, differing in (1) the type of equipment available to the analyst (that is, type of furnace and characterization equipment), (2) the quantity of glass available to the analyst, (3) the precision and accuracy desired for the measurement, and (4) candidate glass properties. The glass properties, for example, glass volatility and estimated TL, will dictate the required method for making the most precise measurement. The three different approaches to measuring TL described here include the following: (A) Gradient Temperature Furnace Method (GT), (B) Uniform Temperature Furnace Method (UT), and (C) Crystal Fraction Extrapolation Method (CF). This procedure is intended to provide specific work processes, but may be supplemented by test instructions as deemed appropriate by the project manager or principle investigator. The methods defined here are not applicable to glasses that form multiple immiscible liquid phases. Immiscibility may be detected in the initial examination of glass during sample preparation (see 9.3). However, immiscibility may not become apparent until after testing is underway.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2017
• ICS: 81.040.10 - Raw materials and raw glass
• Technical Committee: C26 - Nuclear Fuel Cycle
• Drafting Committee: C26.13 - Spent Fuel and High Level Waste

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C1720-11e1 - Standard Test Method for Determining Liquidus Temperature of Immobilized Waste Glasses and Simulated Waste Glasses
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2017

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C1720 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Determining Liquidus Temperature of Waste Glasses and
1
Simulated Waste Glasses
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1720; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 These practices cover procedures for determining the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
liquidus temperature (T ) of nuclear waste, mixed nuclear
L
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
waste,simulatednuclearwaste,orhazardouswasteglassinthe
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
temperature range from 600°C to 1600°C. This method differs
from Practice C829 in that it employs additional methods to 1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
determine T . T is useful in waste glass plant operation, glass dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
L L
formulation, and melter design to determine the minimum ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
temperature that must be maintained in a waste glass melt to Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
make sure that crystallization does not occur or is below a mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
particular constraint, for example, 1 volume % crystallinity or Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
T . As of now, many institutions studying waste and simu-
1%
lated waste vitrification are not in agreement regarding this 2. Referenced Documents
constraint (1).
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2 Three methods are included, differing in (1) the type of
C162Terminology of Glass and Glass Products
equipment available to the analyst (that is, type of furnace and
C829PracticesforMeasurementofLiquidusTemperatureof
characterization equipment), (2) the quantity of glass available
Glass by the Gradient Furnace Method
to the analyst, (3) the precision and accuracy desired for the
C859Terminology Relating to Nuclear Materials
measurement, and (4) candidate glass properties. The glass
D1129Terminology Relating to Water
properties, for example, glass volatility and estimated T , will
L D1193Specification for Reagent Water
dictate the required method for making the most precise
E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
measurement. The three different approaches to measuring T
L ASTM Test Methods
described here include the following: (A) Gradient Tempera-
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
ture Furnace Method (GT),(B) Uniform Temperature Furnace
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
Method (UT), and (C) Crystal Fraction Extrapolation Method
E2282Guide for Defining the Test Result of a Test Method
(CF). This procedure is intended to provide specific work
2.2 Other Documents:
processes, but may be supplemented by test instructions as
SRM-773 National Institute for Standards and Technology
deemed appropriate by the project manager or principle inves-
(NIST) Liquidus Temperature Standard
tigator. The methods defined here are not applicable to glasses
SRM-674bNIST X-Ray Powder Diffraction Intensity Set
thatformmultipleimmiscibleliquidphases.Immiscibilitymay
for Quantitative Analysis by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)
be detected in the initial examination of glass during sample
SRM-1976aNISTInstrument Response Standard for X-Ray
preparation (see 9.3). However, immiscibility may not become
Powder Diffraction
apparent until after testing is underway.
Z540.3 American National Standards Institute/National
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Conference of Standards Laboratories (ANSI/NCSL) Re-
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
quirements for the Calibration of Measuring and Test
standard.
Equipment
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC26onNuclear
Fuel Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.13 on Spent Fuel
2
and High Level Waste. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2017. Published December 2017. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
ɛ1
approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as C1720–11 . DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/C1720-17. the ASTM website.
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959. United States
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: C1720 − 11 C1720 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Determining Liquidus Temperature of Immobilized Waste
1
Glasses and Simulated Waste Glasses
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1720; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Units statement was editorially corrected in April 2015.
1. Scope
1.1 These practices cover procedures for determining the liquidus temperature (T ) of nuclear waste, mixed nuclear waste,
L
simulated nuclear waste, or hazardous waste glass in the temperature range from 600°C to 1600°C. This method differs from
Practice C829 in that it employs additional methods to determine T . T is useful in waste glass plant operation, glass formulation,
L L
and melter design to determine the minimum temperature that must be maintained in a waste glass melt to make sure that
crystallization does not occur or is below a particular constraint, for example, 1 volume % crystallinity or T . As of now, many
1%
institutions studying waste and simulated waste vitrification are not in agreement regarding this constraint (1).
1.2 Three methods are included, differing in (1) the type of equipment available to the analyst (that is, type of furnace and
characterization equipment), (2) the quantity of glass available to the analyst, (3) the precision and accuracy desired for the
measurement, and (4) candidate glass properties. The glass properties, for example, glass volatility and estimated T , will dictate
L
the required method for making the most precise measurement. The three different approaches to measuring T described here
L
include the following: (A) Gradient Temperature Furnace Method (GT), (B) Uniform Temperature Furnace Method (UT), and (C)
Crystal Fraction Extrapolation Method (CF). This procedure is intended to provide specific work processes, but may be
supplemented by test instructions as deemed appropriate by the project manager or principle investigator. The methods defined here
are not applicable to glasses that form multiple immiscible liquid phases. Immiscibility may be detected in the initial examination
of glass during sample preparation (see 9.3). However, immiscibility may not become apparent until after testing is underway.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C162 Terminology of Glass and Glass Products
C829 Practices for Measurement of Liquidus Temperature of Glass by the Gradient Furnace Method
C859 Terminology Relating to Nuclear Materials
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E2282 Guide for Defining the Test Result of a Test Method
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C26 on Nuclear Fuel Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.13 on Spent Fuel and
High Level Waste.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2011Nov. 1, 2017. Published April 2011December 2017. Originally approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as
ɛ1
C1720 – 11 . DOI: 10.1520/C1720–11E01. 10.1520/C1720-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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