ASTM E1424-91(2008)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining the Rate of Air Leakage Through Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under Specified Pressure and Temperature Differences Across the Specimen
Standard Test Method for Determining the Rate of Air Leakage Through Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under Specified Pressure and Temperature Differences Across the Specimen
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The exterior building envelope and its components (for example, windows and doors) separate the interior conditioned spaces from exterior environmental factors such as heat, cold, rain, wind, noise dust, etc. Building materials and components can expand or contract to varying degrees, depending on seasonal and diurnal exterior ambient air temperatures. Fluctuations in the ambient air temperatures can alter the sealing characteristics of windows, curtain walls, and doors by changing weather seal compression ratios. Thermal expansion or contraction of framing materials coupled with thermal blowing due to temperature gradients through the product, and alterations in the effective leakage areas due to weather seal shrinkage and compression set, can also significantly alter the air leakage rates of these products in field service applications. Air leakage tests performed using Test Method E 283 (a laboratory air leakage test performed at ambient temperature conditions) will not account accurately for changes in air leakage rates that may occur from dimensional changes in fenestration systems, materials, and components.
It is recommended that test specifiers consult the manufacturer for recommended test temperature extremes.
This procedure provides a means for evaluating air leakage rates of fenestration systems under various temperature and pressure conditions and air flow directions. It is also applicable for use in evaluating the efficiency of weather sealing products in fenestration systems. All air flow rates are converted to standard conditions to provide a means of comparison between measurements made at different ambient air temperature and pressure conditions.
Air leakage rates are sometimes used for comparison purposes. Such comparisons may not be valid unless the components being tested and compared are of essentially the same size, configuration, and design.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a standard laboratory procedure for determining the air leakage rates of exterior windows, curtain walls, and doors under specified differential air temperature and pressure conditions across the specimen.
1.2 Specified temperature and pressure conditions are representative of those that may be encountered at the exterior thermal envelope of buildings, excluding the effects of heat buildup due to solar radiation.
1.3 This laboratory procedure is applicable to exterior windows, curtain walls, and doors and is intended to measure only such leakage associated with the assembly and not the installation; however, the test method can be adapted for the latter purpose.
1.4 This is a laboratory procedure for testing at differential temperature conditions. Persons interested in a laboratory test at ambient conditions should reference Test Method E 283. Persons interested in a field test on installed windows and doors should reference Test Method E 783.
1.5 Persons using this procedure should be knowledgeable in the areas of heat transfer, fluid mechanics, and instrumentation practices, and shall have a general understanding of fenestration products and components.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units given in parenthesis are provided for information only.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.
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Designation:E1424 −91(Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Rate of Air Leakage Through Exterior
Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under Specified
Pressure and Temperature Differences Across the
1
Specimen
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1424; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
statements, see Section 7.
1.1 This test method provides a standard laboratory proce-
dure for determining the air leakage rates of exterior windows,
2. Referenced Documents
curtain walls, and doors under specified differential air tem-
2
perature and pressure conditions across the specimen. 2.1 ASTM Standards:
E283Test Method for Determining Rate of Air Leakage
1.2 Specified temperature and pressure conditions are rep-
Through Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors
resentative of those that may be encountered at the exterior
Under Specified Pressure Differences Across the Speci-
thermal envelope of buildings, excluding the effects of heat
men
buildup due to solar radiation.
E631Terminology of Building Constructions
1.3 This laboratory procedure is applicable to exterior
E783Test Method for Field Measurement of Air Leakage
windows, curtain walls, and doors and is intended to measure
Through Installed Exterior Windows and Doors
only such leakage associated with the assembly and not the
installation; however, the test method can be adapted for the
3. Terminology
latter purpose.
3.1 Definitions—Terms used in this test method are defined
1.4 This is a laboratory procedure for testing at differential
in Terminology E631.
temperature conditions. Persons interested in a laboratory test
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
at ambient conditions should reference Test Method E283.
3.2.1 air leakage rate (q or q )—theairleakageperunitof
A L
Persons interested in a field test on installed windows and
specimen area (A) or per unit length of operable crack
3 2 3 2 3
doors should reference Test Method E783.
perimeter (L), expressed as m /s-m (ft /min-ft)orm /s-m
3
(ft /min-ft).
1.5 Persons using this procedure should be knowledgeable
in the areas of heat transfer, fluid mechanics, and instrumen-
3.2.2 extraneous air leakage (Q)—the volume of air
e
tation practices, and shall have a general understanding of flowing per unit of time through the test chamber and test
fenestration products and components. apparatus, exclusive of the air flowing through the test
specimen, under a test pressure difference and test temperature
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3
difference, converted to standard conditions, expressed in m /s
standard. The inch-pound units given in parenthesis are pro-
3
(ft /min).
vided for information only.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—Extraneous leakage is the sum of all
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
leakage other than that intended to be measured by the test.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.3 specimen air leakage (Q )—the volume of air flowing
s
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
per unit of time through the specimen under a test pressure
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
difference and test temperature difference, converted to stan-
3 3
dard conditions, expressed in m /s (ft /min).
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on
Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51
2
on Performance of Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as E1424–91(2000). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/E1424-91R08. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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E1424−91 (2008)
3.2.4 specimen area (A)—theareadeterminedbytheoverall and pressure conditions and air flow directions. It is also
dimensions of the frame that fits into the rough opening, applicable for use in evaluating the efficiency of weather
2 2
expressed as m (ft ). sealing products in fenestration systems. All air flow rates are
converted to standard conditions to provide a means of
3.2.5 tes
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E1424–91 (Reapproved 2000) Designation: E 1424 – 91 (Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Rate of Air Leakage Through Exterior
Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under Specified
Pressure and Temperature Differences Across the
1
Specimen
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1424; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 Thistestmethodprovidesastandardlaboratoryprocedurefordeterminingtheairleakageratesofexteriorwindows,curtain
walls, and doors under specified differential air temperature and pressure conditions across the specimen.
1.2 Specified temperature and pressure conditions are representative of those that may be encountered at the exterior thermal
envelope of buildings, excluding the effects of heat buildup due to solar radiation.
1.3 This laboratory procedure is applicable to exterior windows, curtain walls, and doors and is intended to measure only such
leakage associated with the assembly and not the installation; however, the test method can be adapted for the latter purpose.
1.4 This is a laboratory procedure for testing at differential temperature conditions. Persons interested in a laboratory test at
ambient conditions should reference Test Method E283. Persons interested in a field test on installed windows and doors should
reference Test Method E783.
1.5 Persons using this procedure should be knowledgeable in the areas of heat transfer, fluid mechanics, and instrumentation
practices, and shall have a general understanding of fenestration products and components.
1.6Throughout this test method, SI units are listed first in accordance with ASTM Committee E-6 metric policy and shall be
considered the primary units. Inch-pound units are provided in parenthesis.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units given in parenthesis are provided for
information only.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems,concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E283 Test Method for Determining the Rate of Air Leakage Through Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under
Specified Pressure Differences Across the Specimen
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
E783 Test Method for Field Measurement of Air Leakage Through Installed Exterior Windows and Doors
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Terms used in this test method are defined in Terminology E631.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 air leakage rate (q or q )—the air leakage per unit of specimen area (A) or per unit length of operable crack perimeter
A L
3 2 3 2 3 3
(L), expressed as m /s-m (ft /min-ft)orm /s-m (ft /min-ft).
3.2.2 extraneous air leakage (Q ) —the volume of air flowing per unit of time through the test chamber and test apparatus,
e
exclusive of the air flowing through the test specimen, under a test pressure difference and test temperature difference, converted
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E-6 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51 on Component
Performance of Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors.
Current edition approved Sept. 3, 1991. Published November 1991.
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE06onPerformanceofBuildingsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE06.51onPerformance
of Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as E1424–91(2000).
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 04.11.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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E 1424 – 91 (2008)
3 3
to standard conditions, expressed in m /s (ft /mi
...
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