ASTM D3523-92(2012)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Spontaneous Heating Values of Liquids and Solids (Differential Mackey Test) (Withdrawn 2017)
Standard Test Method for Spontaneous Heating Values of Liquids and Solids (Differential Mackey Test) (Withdrawn 2017)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The spontaneous heating value of a substance is a measure of the ability of that substance to undergo self-heating reactions while supported by cellulosic or other fibrous material in air. It is an index of the autoignition tendency of the substance under such conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the non-adiabatic determination of the spontaneous heating values (SHV) of liquids and solids. It is applicable to substances that are not completely volatile at the test temperature. Spontaneous heating values obtained by this test method are qualitative indications of the degree of self-heating that may be expected to occur upon exposure of the sample to air at the test temperature.
1.2 Values obtained by this method are applicable to liquids and solids supported on cellulosic surfaces. They are not applicable to liquids on metal surfaces, on contaminated surfaces, or at pressures above atmospheric.
1.3 Spontaneous heating values determined by the present test method are regarded only as qualitative measurements of self-heating which occurs under the conditions of the test. The test method does not purport to produce a quantitative measure of the enthalpy of reaction of the sample with air at a given test temperature. Such data can be obtained by the use of an adiabatic calorimeter. The existence, under the test conditions, of a positive temperature difference between the sample and the reference is evidence of a thermochemical reaction in the sample.
1.4 The magnitude of the measured temperature difference is a semiquantitative indication of the enthalpy and rate of that reaction. Since factors such as heat loss from the sample to the bath and quenching of the reaction due to too rapid consumption of oxygen affect the amount and duration of the measured heat effect, care must be taken not to attribute too much quantitative significance to the test results. It is sufficient, for the purpose of this test, to determine whether or not the sample is capable of undergoing a self-heating reaction of sufficient magnitude and rapidity to produce a detectable thermal effect. The spontaneous heating value (SHV) can be lower than the test temperature. A negative result does not preclude spontaneous heating initiating at a temperature higher than the test temperature.
1.5 This standard should be used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire-hazard or fire-risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire-hazard assessment or a fire-risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard or fire risk of a particular end use.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. In cases where materials, products or equipment are available in inch-pound units only, SI units are omitted.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covered the non-adiabatic determination of the spontaneous heating values (SHV) of liquids and solids. It was applicable to substances that were not completely volatile at the test temperature. Spontaneous heating values obtained by this test method were qualitative indications of the degree of self-heating that may have been expected to occur upon exposure of the sample to air at the test temperature.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, this test method was withdrawn in December 2017. This standard is being withdrawn without r...
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3523 − 92 (Reapproved 2012)
Standard Test Method for
Spontaneous Heating Values of Liquids and Solids
(Differential Mackey Test)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3523; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope test temperature. A negative result does not preclude sponta-
neous heating initiating at a temperature higher than the test
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthenon-adiabaticdetermination
temperature.
of the spontaneous heating values (SHV) of liquids and solids.
1.5 This standard should be used to measure and describe
It is applicable to substances that are not completely volatile at
the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and
the test temperature. Spontaneous heating values obtained by
flame under controlled conditions and should not be used to
this test method are qualitative indications of the degree of
describe or appraise the fire-hazard or fire-risk of materials,
self-heating that may be expected to occur upon exposure of
products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However,
the sample to air at the test temperature.
results of this test may be used as elements of a fire-hazard
1.2 Values obtained by this method are applicable to liquids
assessment or a fire-risk assessment which takes into account
and solids supported on cellulosic surfaces. They are not
allofthefactorswhicharepertinenttoanassessmentofthefire
applicable to liquids on metal surfaces, on contaminated
hazard or fire risk of a particular end use.
surfaces, or at pressures above atmospheric.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
1.3 Spontaneous heating values determined by the present
standard. In cases where materials, products or equipment are
test method are regarded only as qualitative measurements of
available in inch-pound units only, SI units are omitted.
self-heating which occurs under the conditions of the test. The
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
testmethoddoesnotpurporttoproduceaquantitativemeasure
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
oftheenthalpyofreactionofthesamplewithairatagiventest
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
temperature. Such data can be obtained by the use of an
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
adiabatic calorimeter. The existence, under the test conditions,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
of a positive temperature difference between the sample and
the reference is evidence of a thermochemical reaction in the
2. Referenced Documents
sample.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.4 The magnitude of the measured temperature difference
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
is a semiquantitative indication of the enthalpy and rate of that
reaction. Since factors such as heat loss from the sample to the
3. Terminology
bath and quenching of the reaction due to too rapid consump-
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
tion of oxygen affect the amount and duration of the measured
3.1.1 spontaneous heating value (SHV)—the maximum
heat effect, care must be taken not to attribute too much
amountbywhichthetemperatureofthesampleexceedsthatof
quantitative significance to the test results. It is sufficient, for
the reference when exposed at a given temperature in the
thepurposeofthistest,todeterminewhetherornotthesample
standard apparatus.
is capable of undergoing a self-heating reaction of sufficient
3.2 Symbols:
magnitude and rapidity to produce a detectable thermal effect.
The spontaneous heating value (SHV) can be lower than the
t = temperatureofsamplesideatanytimeduringtest,K,
S
t = temperature of reference side at time t is measured,
R S
K,
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
SubcommitteeD02.L0.07onEngineeringSciencesofHighPerformanceFluidsand
Solids (Formally D02.1100). For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved April 15, 2012. Published April 2012. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D3523–92(2007). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D3523-92R12. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3523 − 92 (2012)
6. Apparatus
T = maximum temperature of sample chamber during
S
test, K,
6.1 Spontaneous Heating Apparatus—See Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
T = temperature of reference chamber measured at same
R
6.2 Thermocouples, 30-gage, iron-constantan, Type J. Two
time that T is measured, K,
S
are required.
∆t = t − t ,
S R
∆T = T − T ,
6.3 Strip Chart Temperature Recorder, two-channel or
S R
B = equilibrium temperature of reference side during
R multipoint, capable of 0.5 K resolution at test temperature.
blank run, K,
6.4 Hot Plate, capable of uniformly heating entire bottom
B = equilibrium temperature of sample side during blank
S
surface of spontaneous heating apparatus.
run, K,
∆T = B − B =instrumental blank,
B S R
7. Materials
∆t = ∆t−( B −B )=∆t−∆T , and
C S R B
∆T = ∆T−( B − B )=∆T−∆T =spontaneous heating
7.1 Cotton Gauze, surgical.
C S R B
value.
7.2 Water, conforming to Specification D1193, Type III.
4. Summary of Test Method
8. Procedure
4.1 Thesampleissupportedonsurgicalgauzeandplacedin
8.1 Determination of Instrumental Blank:
a heated chamber which is open to the air at the top. The
8.1.1 Assemble the spontaneous heating apparatus and
temperature of the sample, thus prepared, is compared to that
place 2000 mL of distilled water in the boiling chamber. Heat
ofanequalre
...
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