ASTM D3161/D3161M-14
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Wind-Resistance of Steep Slope Roofing Products (Fan-Induced Method)
Standard Test Method for Wind-Resistance of Steep Slope Roofing Products (Fan-Induced Method)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Most steep slope roofing products that have demonstrated wind resistance by this test have also performed well in use. Natural wind conditions differ with respect to intensity, duration, and turbulence; these conditions are beyond the means of this test to simulate. The results of this test do not directly correlate to wind speeds experienced in service, and no accommodation is made in this test method for building height, building exposure category, or building importance factor.
5.2 Many factors influence the wind resistance of a steep slope roofing product in the field; for example, temperature, time, roof slope, contamination by dirt and debris, and fasteners, both appropriate and inappropriate, that are misaligned or misplaced, or over- or under-driven, and sealant adhesion, if used and functioning. It is beyond the scope of this test method to address all of these influences. This test method is designed to evaluate the wind resistance of products as described in the scope when representative samples are applied to test panels in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and conditioned as specified before testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for evaluating the wind resistance of many discontinuous, air permeable, steep slope roofing products that results from the product's rigidity, with or without contribution from sealant to help hold down the leading edge of the tabs, or mechanical interlocking, with or without contribution from sealant to help hold down the leading edge of the tabs, or any combination thereof. The products are applied to a test panel in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and tested at a 2:12 (17 %) slope, or at the lowest slope permitted by those instructions.
1.2 This method evaluates wind resistance using a fan-induced procedure, delivering a stream of air across the exposed surface of the test specimens. This method does not measure structural performance, and does not provide a measure of uplift resistance. Consequently, this method is not applicable to continuous, non-permeable roof systems or coverings (such as membranes or mechanically-seamed metal roof panels).
1.3 This test method was formerly titled “Wind Resistance of Asphalt Shingles (Fan-Induced Method)” but was revised to acknowledge that the method is applicable to many other steep slope roofing products and has been used to evaluate the wind resistance of those products for many years by several testing and certification laboratories. Steep slope roofing products that fall under the scope of this test method, in addition to asphalt shingles, are polymer-based shingles, fiber-cement shingles, concrete tiles, clay tiles, metal shingles, and photovoltaic shingles.
1.4 This test method is limited to steep slope roofing product applied with a maximum exposure of 410 mm [16 in.].
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D3161/D3161M −14
StandardTest Method for
Wind-Resistance of Steep Slope Roofing Products (Fan-
1
Induced Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3161/D3161M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for evaluating
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
the wind resistance of many discontinuous, air permeable,
with the standard.
steep slope roofing products that results from the product’s
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
rigidity, with or without contribution from sealant to help hold
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
down the leading edge of the tabs, or mechanical interlocking,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
withorwithoutcontributionfromsealanttohelpholddownthe
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
leading edge of the tabs, or any combination thereof. The
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
products are applied to a test panel in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions and tested at a 2:12 (17 %) slope,
2. Referenced Documents
or at the lowest slope permitted by those instructions.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2 This method evaluates wind resistance using a fan-
D1079 Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproofing
induced procedure, delivering a stream of air across the
exposed surface of the test specimens. This method does not
3. Terminology
measure structural performance, and does not provide a mea-
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
sure of uplift resistance. Consequently, this method is not
method, refer to Terminology D1079.
applicable to continuous, non-permeable roof systems or cov-
erings (such as membranes or mechanically-seamed metal roof
3.2 Definitions:
panels).
3.2.1 seal—as it relates to steep slope roofing products, is
the bonding that results from the use of sealant.
1.3 This test method was formerly titled “Wind Resistance
ofAsphalt Shingles (Fan-Induced Method)” but was revised to
3.2.2 sealant—asitrelatestosteepsloperoofingproducts,is
acknowledge that the method is applicable to many other steep
defined as factory-applied or field-applied material designed to
slope roofing products and has been used to evaluate the wind
help hold down the leading edge of the tabs.
resistance of those products for many years by several testing
3.2.3 sealed—the condition of the products after they are
and certification laboratories. Steep slope roofing products that
subjected to the conditioning procedure described in 8.2.
fall under the scope of this test method, in addition to asphalt
3.2.4 tab, n—a discrete section of the exposed portion of a
shingles, are polymer-based shingles, fiber-cement shingles,
steep slope roofing product.
concrete tiles, clay tiles, metal shingles, and photovoltaic
shingles.
3.2.4.1 Discussion—Typically, the exposed portion of an
asphalt shingle consists of one or more tabs. Many other steep
1.4 This test method is limited to steep slope roofing
slope roofing products consist of a single tab per unit.
product applied with a maximum exposure of 410 mm [16 in.].
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
4. Classes of Steep Slope Roofing Products
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
4.1 Products are of three classes:
4.1.1 Class A—Pass at a test velocity of 97 km/h [60 mph].
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D08 on Roofing
andWaterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.02 on Steep
2
Roofing Products and Assemblies. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved July 1, 2014. Published July 2014. Originally approved contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D3161/D3161M – 13. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D3161_D3161M-14. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D3161/D3161M−14
4.1.2 Class D—Passatatestvelocityof145km/h[90mph]. 7. Test Samples
4.1.3 Class F—Pass at a test velocity of 177 km/h [110
7.1 T
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D3161/D3161M − 13 D3161/D3161M − 14
Standard Test Method for
Wind-Resistance of Steep Slope Roofing Products (Fan-
1
Induced Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3161/D3161M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for evaluating the wind resistance of many discontinuous, air permeable, steep slope
roofing products that results from the product’s rigidity, with or without contribution from sealant or other adhesive to help hold
down the leading edge of the tabs, or mechanical interlocking, with or without contribution from sealant or other adhesive to help
hold down the leading edge of the tabs, or any combination thereof. The products are applied to a test panel in accordance with
the manufacturer’s instructions and tested at a 2:12 (17 %) slope, or at the lowest slope permitted by those instructions.
1.2 This method evaluates wind resistance using a fan-induced procedure, delivering a stream of air across the exposed surface
of the test specimens. This method does not measure structural performance, and does not provide a measure of uplift resistance.
Consequently, this method is not applicable to continuous, non-permeable roof systems or coverings (such as membranes or
mechanically-seamed metal roof panels).
1.3 This test method is limited to was formerly titled “Wind Resistance of Asphalt Shingles (Fan-Induced Method)” but was
revised to acknowledge that the method is applicable to many other steep slope roofing product applied with a maximum exposure
of 410 mm (16 in.).products and has been used to evaluate the wind resistance of those products for many years by several testing
and certification laboratories. Steep slope roofing products that fall under the scope of this test method, in addition to asphalt
shingles, are polymer-based shingles, fiber-cement shingles, concrete tiles, clay tiles, metal shingles, and photovoltaic shingles.
NOTE 1—This test method was formerly titled “Wind Resistance of Asphalt Shingles (Fan-Induced Method)” but was revised to acknowledge that the
method is applicable to many other steep slope roofing products and has been used to evaluate the wind resistance of those products for many years by
several testing and certification laboratories, Products that have been tested by this method, in addition to asphalt shingles, include polymer-based
shingles, fiber-cement shingles, concrete tiles, clay tiles, metal shingles, and photovoltaic shingles. The terms steep slope roofing products, or product,
are used throughout this standard to include all of these types of steep slope roofing products.
1.4 This test method is limited to steep slope roofing product applied with a maximum exposure of 410 mm [16 in.].
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1079 Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproofing
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D1079.
3.2 Definitions:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on Roofing and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.02 on Steep
Roofing Products and Assemblies.
Current edition approved June 15, 2013July 1, 2014. Published July 2013July 2014. Originally approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 20122013 as
D3161 – 12.D3161/D3161M – 13. DOI: 10.1520/D3161_D3161M-13.10.1520/D3161_D3161M-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to
...
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