ASTM D3161/D3161M-13
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Wind-Resistance of Steep Slope Roofing Products (Fan-Induced Method)
Standard Test Method for Wind-Resistance of Steep Slope Roofing Products (Fan-Induced Method)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Most steep slope roofing products that have demonstrated wind resistance by this test have also performed well in use. Natural wind conditions differ with respect to intensity, duration, and turbulence; these conditions are beyond the means of this test to simulate. The results of this test do not directly correlate to wind speeds experienced in service, and no accommodation is made in this test method for building height, building exposure category, or building importance factor.
5.2 Many factors influence the wind resistance of a steep slope roofing product in the field; for example, temperature, time, roof slope, contamination by dirt and debris, and fasteners, both appropriate and inappropriate, that are misaligned or misplaces, or over- or under-driven, and sealant adhesion, if used and functioning. It is beyond the scope of this test method to address all of these influences. This test method is designed to evaluate the wind resistance of products as described in the scope when representative samples are applied to test panels in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and conditioned as specified before testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for evaluating the wind resistance of many discontinuous, air permeable, steep slope roofing products that results from the product's rigidity, with or without contribution from sealant or other adhesive to help hold down the leading edge of the tabs, or mechanical interlocking, with or without contribution from sealant or other adhesive to help hold down the leading edge of the tabs, or any combination thereof. The products are applied to a test panel in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and tested at a 2:12 (17 %) slope, or at the lowest slope permitted by those instructions.
1.2 This method evaluates wind resistance using a fan-induced procedure, delivering a stream of air across the exposed surface of the test specimens. This method does not measure structural performance, and does not provide a measure of uplift resistance. Consequently, this method is not applicable to continuous, non-permeable roof systems or coverings (such as membranes or mechanically-seamed metal roof panels).
1.3 This test method is limited to steep slope roofing product applied with a maximum exposure of 410 mm (16 in.).Note 1—This test method was formerly titled “Wind Resistance of Asphalt Shingles (Fan-Induced Method)” but was revised to acknowledge that the method is applicable to many other steep slope roofing products and has been used to evaluate the wind resistance of those products for many years by several testing and certification laboratories, Products that have been tested by this method, in addition to asphalt shingles, include polymer-based shingles, fiber-cement shingles, concrete tiles, clay tiles, metal shingles, and photovoltaic shingles. The terms steep slope roofing products, or product, are used throughout this standard to include all of these types of steep slope roofing products.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D3161/D3161M −13
StandardTest Method for
Wind-Resistance of Steep Slope Roofing Products (Fan-
1
Induced Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3161/D3161M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for evaluating
with the standard.
the wind resistance of many discontinuous, air permeable,
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
steep slope roofing products that results from the product’s
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
rigidity, with or without contribution from sealant or other
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
adhesive to help hold down the leading edge of the tabs, or
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
mechanical interlocking, with or without contribution from
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
sealant or other adhesive to help hold down the leading edge of
the tabs, or any combination thereof. The products are applied
2. Referenced Documents
to a test panel in accordance with the manufacturer’s instruc-
2
tions and tested at a 2:12 (17 %) slope, or at the lowest slope
2.1 ASTM Standards:
permitted by those instructions.
D1079 Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproofing
1.2 This method evaluates wind resistance using a fan-
3. Terminology
induced procedure, delivering a stream of air across the
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
exposed surface of the test specimens. This method does not
method, refer to Terminology D1079.
measure structural performance, and does not provide a mea-
sure of uplift resistance. Consequently, this method is not
3.2 Definitions:
applicable to continuous, non-permeable roof systems or cov-
3.2.1 seal—as it relates to steep slope roofing products, is
erings (such as membranes or mechanically-seamed metal roof
the bonding that results from the use of sealant.
panels).
3.2.2 sealant—asitrelatestosteepsloperoofingproducts,is
1.3 This test method is limited to steep slope roofing
defined as factory-applied or field-applied material designed to
product applied with a maximum exposure of 410 mm (16 in.).
help hold down the leading edge of the tabs.
NOTE 1—This test method was formerly titled “Wind Resistance of
3.2.3 sealed—the condition of the products after they are
Asphalt Shingles (Fan-Induced Method)” but was revised to acknowledge
subjected to the conditioning procedure described in 8.2.
that the method is applicable to many other steep slope roofing products
3.2.4 tab, n—a discrete section of the exposed portion of a
and has been used to evaluate the wind resistance of those products for
many years by several testing and certification laboratories, Products that steep slope roofing product.
have been tested by this method, in addition to asphalt shingles, include
3.2.4.1 Discussion—Typically, the exposed portion of an
polymer-based shingles, fiber-cement shingles, concrete tiles, clay tiles,
metal shingles, and photovoltaic shingles. The terms steep slope roofing asphalt shingle consists of one or more tabs. Many other steep
products, or product, are used throughout this standard to include all of
slope roofing products consist of a single tab per unit.
these types of steep slope roofing products.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units 4. Classes of Steep Slope Roofing Products
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
4.1 Products are of three classes:
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
4.1.1 Class A—Pass at a test velocity of 97 km/h [60 mph].
4.1.2 Class D—Passatatestvelocityof145km/h[90mph].
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D08 on Roofing
andWaterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.02 on Steep
2
Roofing Products and Assemblies. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved June 15, 2013. Published July 2013. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D3161 – 12. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D3161_D3161M-13. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-295
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D3161/D3161M − 12 D3161/D3161M − 13
Standard Test Method for
Wind-Resistance of Asphalt Shingles Steep Slope Roofing
1
Products (Fan-Induced Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3161/D3161M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 ThisThis test method covers the procedure for evaluating the wind resistance of asphalt shingles many discontinuous, air
permeable, steep slope roofing products that results from the shingle’s rigidity (withproduct’s rigidity, with or without contribution
from sealant) or mechanical interlocking (withsealant or other adhesive to help hold down the leading edge of the tabs, or
mechanical interlocking, with or without contribution from sealant) or sealant or other adhesive to help hold down the leading edge
of the tabs, or any combination thereof. The shinglesproducts are applied to a test panel in accordance with the manufacturer’s
instructions and tested at a 2:12 (17 %) slope, or at the lowest slope permitted by those instructions.
1.2 This method evaluates wind resistance using a fan-induced procedure, delivering a stream of air across the exposed surface
of the test specimens. This method does not measure structural performance, and does not provide a measure of uplift resistance.
Consequently, this method is not applicable to continuous, non-permeable roof systems or coverings (such as membranes or
mechanically-seamed metal roof panels).
1.3 This test method is limited to steep slope roofing product applied with a maximum exposure of 410 mm (16 in.).
NOTE 1—This test method was formerly titled “Wind Resistance of Asphalt Shingles (Fan-Induced Method)” but was revised to acknowledge that the
method is applicable to many other steep slope roofing products and has been used to evaluate the wind resistance of those products for many years by
several testing and certification laboratories, Products that have been tested by this method, in addition to asphalt shingles, include polymer-based
shingles, fiber-cement shingles, concrete tiles, clay tiles, metal shingles, and photovoltaic shingles. The terms steep slope roofing products, or product,
are used throughout this standard to include all of these types of steep slope roofing products.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1079 Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproofing
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D1079.
3.2 Definitions:
3.2.1 seal—as it relates to steep slope roofing products, is the bonding that results from the use of sealant.
3.2.2 sealant—as it relates to steep slope roofing products, is defined as factory-applied or field-applied material designed to
help hold down the leading edge of the tabs.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on Roofing and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.02 on Steep
Roofing Products and Assemblies.
Current edition approved May 1, 2012June 15, 2013. Published May 2012July 2013. Originally approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 20092012 as
D3161 – 09.D3161 – 12. DOI: 10.1520/D3161_D3161M-12.10.1520/D3161_D3161M-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D3161/D3161M −
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