ASTM C1666/C1666M-08(2015)

Standard Specification for Alkali Resistant (AR) Glass Fiber for GFRC and Fiber-Reinforced Concrete and Cement

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers minimum requirements for alkali resistant (AR) glass fibers intended for use in glass fiber-reinforced concrete (GFRC) by spray-up, glass fiber-reinforced concrete premix, fiber-reinforced concrete, and other cementitious based products.  
1.2 This specification provides for AR glass fiber types and configurations that can be readily incorporated into concrete mixes, typical physical properties, minimum zirconia content, and prescribes testing procedures to establish conformance to these requirements.  
1.3 This specification does not address the types of coatings or lubricants used in the manufacturing process of the fibers.  
1.4 In the case of conflict between a more stringent requirement of a product specification and a requirement of this specification, the product specification shall prevail. In the case of a conflict between a requirement of the product specification or a requirement of this specification and a more stringent requirement of the purchase order, the purchase order shall prevail. The purchase order requirements shall not take precedence if they, in any way, violate the requirements of the product specification or this specification; for example, by the waiving of a test requirement or by making a test requirement less stringent.  
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2015
• ICS: 91.100.40 - Products in fibre-reinforced cement
• Technical Committee: C27 - Precast Concrete Products
• Drafting Committee: C27.40 - Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C1666/C1666M − 08 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Specification for
Alkali Resistant (AR) Glass Fiber for GFRC and Fiber-
Reinforced Concrete and Cement
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1666/C1666M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This specification covers minimum requirements for
alkali resistant (AR) glass fibers intended for use in glass
2. Referenced Documents
fiber-reinforced concrete (GFRC) by spray-up, glass fiber-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
reinforced concrete premix, fiber-reinforced concrete, and
D578 Specification for Glass Fiber Strands
other cementitious based products.
D1577 Test Methods for Linear Density of Textile Fibers
1.2 This specification provides for AR glass fiber types and
D2256 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Yarns by the
configurations that can be readily incorporated into concrete
Single-Strand Method
mixes, typical physical properties, minimum zirconia content,
D3800 Test Method for Density of High-Modulus Fibers
and prescribes testing procedures to establish conformance to
D4963 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Glass Strands and
these requirements.
Fabrics
1.3 This specification does not address the types of coatings 3
2.2 ISO Standards:
or lubricants used in the manufacturing process of the fibers.
ISO 1887 Textile Glass—Determination of Combustible-
1.4 In the case of conflict between a more stringent require- Matter Content
ment of a product specification and a requirement of this ISO 1888 Textile Glass—Staple Fibres or Filaments—
specification, the product specification shall prevail. In the case Determination of Average Diameter
of a conflict between a requirement of the product specification ISO 1889 Reinforcement Yarns—Determination of Linear
or a requirement of this specification and a more stringent Density
requirement of the purchase order, the purchase order shall ISO 3341 Textile Glass Yarns—Determination of Breaking
prevail. The purchase order requirements shall not take prece-
Force and Breaking Elongation
dence if they, in any way, violate the requirements of the
2.3 EN Standards:
product specification or this specification; for example, by the
EN 14649 Precast Concrete Products—Test Method for
waiving of a test requirement or by making a test requirement
Strength Retention of Glass Fibre in Cement and Concrete
less stringent. 5
2.4 Japanese Industrial Standards:
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units JISR 3420 Testing Methods of Textile Glass Products
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
3. Terminology
inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
3.1.1 alkali resistant (AR) glass fiber, n—a glass fiber
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
product that is resistant to the alkaline conditions that exist in
with the standard.
matrices such as those based on Portland cement, and that are
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
1 3
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C27 on Precast Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
Concrete Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C27.40 on Glass 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Fiber Reinforced Concrete. Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), 36 rue de
Current edition approved May 1, 2015. Published June 2015. Originally Stassart, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium, http://www.cenorm.be.
approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as C1666/C1666M – 08. Available from Japanese Standards Organization (JSA), 4-1-24 Akasaka
DOI: 10.1520/C1666_C1666M-08R15. Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 107-8440, Japan, http://www.jsa.or.ja.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C1666/C1666M − 08 (2015)
used for the reinforcement of cement, mortar, and concrete 5.1.4 Manufacturer’s product code, if not included in code,
products. The resistance is due mostly to the specific compo- tex shall be specified for roving, length shall be specified for
sition of the glass. chopped strands, and weight/unit area or number of strands/
unit length shall be specified for textiles.
3.1.2 chopped strands, n—strands, as defined in 3.1.9,
5.1.5 Whether certificate of analysis by the manufacturer is
chopped to discrete lengths, usually between 3 and 50 mm
required.
[0.125 and 2 in.].
3.1.3 filament, n—a single glass fiber, sometimes referred to
6. Materials and Manufacture
as monofilament.
6.1 The materials and manufacturing methods used shall be
3.1.4 GFRC, n—glass fiber-reinforced concrete, sometimes
such that the fibers produced conform to the requirements in
referred to as GRC.
this specification.
3.1.5 matrix, n—the concrete (or mortar) without the glass
7. Chemical Composition
fiber reinforcement.
7.1 Alkali resistant glass fiber shall have a minimum of
3.1.6 roving, n—a number of parallel, continuous, not
16 % by mass of zirconium dioxide.
twisted, strands wound together to form a cylindrical package.
3.1.7 scrim or net, n—glass fiber roving or yarn strands laid
8. Mechanical Properties
in two directions at 90° and then bonded together to form a
8.1 The AR glass fiber roving or chopped strands shall be
non-woven stable structured textile fabric.
deemed to comply with the requirements of this specification if
3.1.8 size, n—coatings applied to filaments during manufac-
the results obtained on test samples comply with the values
ture that facilitate the processing of glass fibers and bond the
specified in Table 1.
filaments together. Different sizings can provide different
performance characteristics of the fibers. 9. Performance Requirements
3.1.9 strand, n—several parallel filaments of consistent
9.1 The strength of AR glass fiber shall be measured
diameter, bonded together with a size.
according to EN 14649.
3.1.10 tex, n—the weight in grams of one kilometre of
9.2 Users of AR glass fibers shall require that manufacturers
strand or roving.
of AR glass fiber show independent validation of performance
in the SIC test.
3.1.11 woven roving, n—glass fiber roving products that are
produced by weaving into a structured textile fabric.
10. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
3.1.12 yarn, n—glass fiber strands that are twisted together.
10.1 The roving, chopped strands, or textiles shall be free
from oil, grease, and other contaminants. A roving package
4. Classification
shall be free from obvious damage and shall not be deformed
4.1 AR glass fibers are available in three forms as follows:
4.1.1 Type I, Roving—Avariety of different roving are manu-
TABLE 1 Test Requirements
factured with different processing characteristics, which makes
Property Specification Value Method of Test
them suitable for particular applications such as chopping and
A
Zirconia content 16 % min X-ray fluorescence
spraying, weaving and scrim manufacture, filament winding,
(ZrO )
Density 2.68 ± 0.3 g/cm ASTM D3800
and chopped strand production.
[167.0 ± 19 lb/ft ]
4.1.2 Type II, Chopped Strands—Available in lengths from
Tensile Strength 1.0–1.7 Gpa ASTM D2256,
3 3
3 mm [0.125 in.] to 50 mm [2.0 in.]. Chopped strands are
[145 × 10 –246 × 10 psi] ISO 3341,
JISR 3420
designed to remain either as integral bundles of filaments
Range of 8–30 µm ASTM D578,
(usually referred to as integral strands) or to breakdown into
-5 -5
Filament Diameters [31× 10 -118 × 10 in.] ISO 1888,
individual filaments (filamentize) during mixing (usually re- JISR 3420
Roving tex ±10 % of ASTM D1577,
ferred to as water dispersible strands).
manufacturer’s nominal ISO 1889,
4.1.3 Type III, Textiles—Available as woven, knitted, or
JISR 3420
non-woven fabrics. Strand length ±3 mm [±0.118 in.] Caliper—Average
of manufacturer’s nominal of 20 measurements
End count ±20 % of Physical count
5. Ordering Information
manufacturer’s nominal
Loss on ignition <3 % ASTM D4963,
5.1 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to specify
ISO 1887,
all requirements that are necessary for the product under this JISR 3420
Strength retention Minimum value after 96 ± 1 h EN 14649
specification. Such requirements to be considered include, but
in water at 80 ±1°C [176 ± 2 °F]
are not limited to, the following:
$250 MPa [36 250 psi]
5.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue. for water dispersible strands
$350 MPa [50 750 psi]
5.1.2 Quantity in kilograms [pounds or tons] for rovings or
for integral strands
chopped strands or in square metres [square feet or square
A
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1666/C1666M − 08 C1666/C1666M − 08 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Specification for
Alkali Resistant (AR) Glass Fiber for GFRC and Fiber-
Reinforced Concrete and Cement
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1666/C1666M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers minimum requirements for alkali resistant (AR) glass fibers intended for use in glass
fiber-reinforced concrete (GFRC) by spray-up, glass fiber-reinforced concrete premix, fiber-reinforced concrete, and other
cementitious based products.
1.2 This specification provides for AR glass fiber types and configurations that can be readily incorporated into concrete mixes,
typical physical properties, minimum zirconia content, and prescribes testing procedures to establish conformance to these
requirements.
1.3 This specification does not address the types of coatings or lubricants used in the manufacturing process of the fibers.
1.4 In the case of conflict between a more stringent requirement of a product specification and a requirement of this
specification, the product specification shall prevail. In the case of a conflict between a requirement of the product specification
or a requirement of this specification and a more stringent requirement of the purchase order, the purchase order shall prevail. The
purchase order requirements shall not take precedence if they, in any way, violate the requirements of the product specification or
this specification; for example, by the waiving of a test requirement or by making a test requirement less stringent.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D578 Specification for Glass Fiber Strands
D1577 Test Methods for Linear Density of Textile Fibers
D2256 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Yarns by the Single-Strand Method
D3800 Test Method for Density of High-Modulus Fibers
D4963 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Glass Strands and Fabrics
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 1887 Textile Glass—Determination of Combustible- Matter Content
ISO 1888 Textile Glass—Staple Fibres or Filaments—Determination of Average Diameter
ISO 1889 Reinforcement Yarns—Determination of Linear Density
ISO 3341 Textile Glass Yarns—Determination of Breaking Force and Breaking Elongation
2.3 EN Standards:
EN 14649 Precast Concrete Products—Test Method for Strength Retention of Glass Fibre in Cement and Concrete
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C27 on Precast Concrete Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C27.40 on Glass Fiber
Reinforced Concrete.
Current edition approved May 1, 2008May 1, 2015. Published May 2008June 2015. Originally approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 20072008 as
C1666/C1666M – 07.C1666/C1666M – 08. DOI: 10.1520/C1666_C1666M-08.10.1520/C1666_C1666M-08R15.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), 36 rue de Stassart, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium, http://www.cenorm.be.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C1666/C1666M − 08 (2015)
2.4 Japanese Industrial Standards:
JISR 3420 Testing Methods of Textile Glass Products
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 alkali resistant (AR) glass fiber, n—a glass fiber product that is resistant to the alkaline conditions that exist in matrices
such as those based on Portland cement, and that are used for the reinforcement of cement, mortar, and concrete products. The
resistance is due mostly to the specific composition of the glass.
3.1.2 chopped strands, n—strands, as defined in 3.1.9, chopped to discrete lengths, usually between 3 and 50 mm [0.125 and
2 in.].
3.1.3 filament, n—a single glass fiber, sometimes referred to as monofilament.
3.1.4 GFRC, n—glass fiber-reinforced concrete, sometimes referred to as GRC.
3.1.5 matrix, n—the concrete (or mortar) without the glass fiber reinforcement.
3.1.6 roving, n—a number of parallel, continuous, not twisted, strands wound together to form a cylindrical package.
3.1.7 scrim or net, n—glass fiber roving or yarn strands laid in two directions at 90° and then bonded together to form a
non-woven stable structured textile fabric.
3.1.8 size, n—coatings applied to filaments during manufacture that facilitate the processing of glass fibers and bond the
filaments together. Different sizings can provide different performance characteristics of the fibers.
3.1.9 strand, n—several parallel filaments of consistent diameter, bonded together with a size.
3.1.10 tex, n—the weight in grams of one kilometre of strand or roving.
3.1.11 woven roving, n—glass fiber roving products that are produced by weaving into a structured textile fabric.
3.1.12 yarn, n—glass fiber strands that are twisted together.
4. Classification
4.1 AR glass fibers are available in three forms as follows:
4.1.1 Type I, Roving—a variety Avariety of different roving are manufactured with different processing characteristics, which
makes them suitable for particular applications such as chopping and spraying, weaving and scrim manufacture, filament winding,
and chopped strand production.
4.1.2 Type II, Chopped Strands—availableAvailable in lengths from 3 mm [0.125 in.] to 50 mm [2.0 in.]. Chopped strands are
designed to remain either as integral bundles of filaments (usually referred to as integral strands) or to breakdown into individual
filaments (filamentize) during mixing (usually referred to as water dispersible strands).
4.1.3 Type III, Textiles—Available as woven, knitted, or non-woven fabrics.
5. Ordering Information
5.1 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to specify all requirements that are necessary for the product under this
specification. Such requirements to be considered include, but are not limited to, the following:
5.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue.
5.1.2 Quantity in kilograms [pounds or tons] for rovings or chopped strands or in square metres [square feet or square yards]
for textiles.
5.1.3 Type or types permissible (see 4.1).
5.1.4 Manufacturer’s product code, if not included in code, tex shall be specified for roving, length shall be specified for
chopped strands, and weight/unit area or number of strands/unit length shall be specified for textiles.
5.1.5 Whether certificate of analysis by the manufacturer is required.
6. Materials and Manufacture
6.1 The materials and manufacturing methods used shall be such that the fibers produced conform to the requirements in this
specification.
7. Chemical Composition
7.1 Alkali resistant glass fiber shall have a minimum of 16 % by mass of zirconium dioxide.
8. Mechanical Properties
8.1 The AR glass fiber roving or chopped strands shall be deemed to comply with the requirements of this specification if the
results obtained on test samples comply with the values specified in Table 1.
Available from Japanese Standards Organization (JSA), 4-1-24 Akasaka Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 107-8440, Japan, http://www.jsa.or.ja.
C1666/C1666M − 08 (2015)
TABLE 1 Test Requirements
Property Specification Value Method of Test
A
Zirconia content 16 % min X-ray fluorescence
(ZrO )
Density 2.68 ± 0.3 g/cm ASTM D3800
[167.0 ± 19 lb/ft ]
Tensile Strength 1.0–1.7 Gpa ASTM D2256,
3 3
[145 × 10 –246 × 10 psi] ISO 3341,
JISR 3420
Range of 8–30 μm ASTM D578,
-5 -5
Filament Diameters [31× 10 -118 × 10 in.] ISO 1888,
JISR 3420
Roving tex ±10 % of ASTM D1577,
manufacturer’s nominal ISO 1889,
JISR 3420
Strand length ±3 mm [±0.118 in.] Caliper—Average
of manufacturer’s nominal of 20 measurements
End count ±20 % of Physical count
manufacturer’s nominal
Loss on ignition <3 % ASTM D4963,
ISO 1887,
JISR 3420
Strength retention Minimum value after 96 ± 1 h EN 14649
in water at 80 ±1°C [176 ± 2 °F]
$250 MPa [36 250 psi]
for water dispersible strands
$350 MPa [50 750 psi]
for integral strands
A
Any party that is interested in doing this test should contact an AR glass fiber
manufacturer before running it so as to avoid possible erroneous results.
9. Performance R
...