ASTM D3198-97(2002)

Standard Test Method for Application and Removal Torque of Threaded or Lug-Style Closures

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the application with a given torque of a threaded or lug-style closure to a container, and measures the torque required to unscrew the closure from a container.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Sep-1997
• ICS: 55.040 - Packaging materials and accessories
• Technical Committee: D10 - Packaging

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D3198-97 - Standard Test Method for Application and Removal Torque of Threaded or Lug-Style Closures
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-1997
• Replaced By: ASTM D3198-97(2007) - Standard Test Method for Application and Removal Torque of Threaded or Lug-Style Closures (Withdrawn 2016)
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2007
• Referred By: ASTM D2063/D2063M-10(2018) - Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Torque Retention for Packages with Continuous Thread Closures Using Non-Automated (Manual) Torque Testing Equipment
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D7860-14(2022) - Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Torque Retention for Child Resistant and Non-Child Resistant Packages with Continuous Thread Closures Using Automated Torque Testing Equipment
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D3474-90(2018) - Standard Practice for Calibration and Use of Torque Meters Used in Packaging Applications
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-1997

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D3198–97 (Reapproved 2002)
Standard Test Method for
Application and Removal Torque of Threaded or Lug-Style
Closures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3198; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Summary of Test Method
1.1 This test method covers the application with a given 4.1 Representative specimens of a threaded or lug-style
torque of a threaded or lug-style closure to a container, and container are held in a torque-measuring device and either the
measures the torque required to unscrew the closure from a predetermined amount of torque is applied to its closure, or the
container. amountoftorquenecessarytoloosentheclosureisdetermined,
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the or both.
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
5. Significance and Use
information only.
5.1 These torque measurements are of value in:
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 5.1.1 Rating the performance of automatic capping ma-
chines,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 5.1.2 Measuring any tendency for threaded or lug-style
closures to loosen during storage or shipment of the package,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
and
2. Referenced Documents
5.1.3 Measuring the force required to break hard plastic and
2.1 ASTM Standards: overturn or “strip” soft plastic and metal closures.
D 3474 Practice for The Calibration and Use of Torque 5.2 The method may be used to establish performance
Meters Used in Packaging Applications specifications.
E 105 Practice for Probability Sampling Of Materials
6. Apparatus
E 122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,
,
3 4
6.1 Torque Meter with a scale that will read with the
With a Specified Tolerable Error, the Average for a
Characteristic of a Lot or Process maximum point reading accuracy within the torque range
expected to be measured (usea0to25 torque inch pounds-
3. Terminology
force (T.I.P.) torque meter for readings under 25 T.I.P., not a 0
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: to 100 T.I.P. torque meter).
3.1.1 application torque—the moment of a force or system
7. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units
of forces tending to cause rotation of a closure over the neck
7.1 The number of samples will depend on the desired
finish of an appropriate container, causing the closure to be
applied and secured to the container. purpose for which this test is being run. However, for a given
set of samples, sufficient measurements shall be taken in
3.1.2 removal torque—the moment of a force or system of
forces tending to cause rotation of an appropriate closure in a accordance with established statistical sampling procedures in
order to obtain consistent results.
direction opposite to that of application, causing the closure to
be unsecured from its position on the neck finish of an 7.2 Select unused closures, complete with liners, if appro-
priate, and unused containers, with the correct corresponding
appropriate container.
size finish, that are within specifications.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.31 on Child-
Resistant Packaging. Owens-IllinoisTorque Meters, or their equivalent, have been found satisfactory
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 1997. Published February 1998. Originally forthistestmethod.AvailablefromSecure-Pak,Inc.,4009BeachwayBlvd.,Toledo,
published as D 3198 – 73. Last previous edition D 3198 – 91. OH 43614.
2 4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or A digital or automated torque instrument, if used, will have an appropriate
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM design and scale capacity for the container/closure system to be evaluated. Torque
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on results will be available in either electronic display or printout formats.
the ASTM website. Refer to Practices E 105 and E 122 for more specific information.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D3198–97 (2002)
TABLE 1 Special Atmospheres
of the cap is concentric with the center of the movable plate on
Relative which the container rests.
Environment Temperature, °C (°F)
Humidity, %
10.2.2 Grip the closure by hand, avoiding any contact with
Cryogenic −55 6 3 (−67 6 6) .
the container, and twist counterclockwise while closely watch-
Frozen food storage −18 6 2(0 6 4) .
ing the gage.
Refrigerated storage 5 6 2(41 6 4) 85 6 5
Temperature high humidity 20 6 2(68 6 4) 85 6 5
NOTE 2—On occasion, when large numbers of samples are to be tested,
Tropical 40 6 2 (104 6 6) 85 6 5
or when measuring the torque required to break hard plastic caps, it may
Desert 60 6 3 (140 6 6) 15 6 2
benecessarytoexertagreatertorquethancanbeachievedbygrippingthe
closure with the bare hand. A rubber pad, strap wrench, or a rubber-lined
“nu
...