ASTM D3474-90(2018)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Calibration and Use of Torque Meters Used in Packaging Applications
Standard Practice for Calibration and Use of Torque Meters Used in Packaging Applications
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice can be used to check devices used to measure the application and removal torques of continuous or intermittent thread and lug closures.
5.2 This practice can be used to determine the amount of torque to either apply or remove a closure.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the calibration and use of torque meters of the type normally used in packaging applications.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D3474 − 90 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Practice for
Calibration and Use of Torque Meters Used in Packaging
Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3474; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4.2 Use—Torque values to apply or remove closures are
obtained by mounting containers on the platform and either
1.1 This practice covers the calibration and use of torque
applying or removing the closures. In some applications, the
meters of the type normally used in packaging applications.
closure is mounted on the platform and the container is rotated.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.1 This practice can be used to check devices used to
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
measure the application and removal torques of continuous or
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
intermittent thread and lug closures.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
5.2 This practice can be used to determine the amount of
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
torque to either apply or remove a closure.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
6. Apparatus
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
6.1 Adapter—A circular plate that can be mounted concen-
trically on the platform of the tester. If the platform itself is
2. Referenced Documents
suitable, an adapter is not necessary. The adapter should be of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
such diameter that its radius multiplied by appropriate weights
D3198 Test Method forApplication and Removal Torque of
1 1
will give torque values equal to ⁄4, ⁄2 , and full-scale meter
Threaded or Lug-Style Closures (Withdrawn 2016)
readings. (Typical devices for packaging applications have
ranges from: 0 to 10, 0 to 25, 0 to 50, and 0 to 100 lbf-in. (0
3. Terminology
to 1.13, 0 to 2.8, 0 to 5.7, and 0 to 11.3 N/m, respectively).
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of application torque and
6.2 Connecting Means—A very flexible, thin filament, such
removal torque, see Test Method D3198.
as a wire or fishing line that transmits the force of hanging
3.1.1 stripping torque—a force or system of forces acting in
weights to the circumference of the adapter.
a tightening direction that causes overrunning of the threads or
rotation of an overshell with respect to its supporting member. 6.3 Pulley, low friction, used to change the direction of the
connecting means from horizontal to vertical.
4. Summary of Practice
6.4 Appropriate Dead Weights, for example: 2, 4, and 7-lb
4.1 Calibration—Reference torque values are obtained by
(0.9, 1.8, and 3.2-kg) for a torque meter with a 7 in. (178 mm)
means of vertically suspended dead weights acting at specific
diameterplateorplatformandarangeof0to25in-lbs(0to2.8
distances from the axis of the mounting platform of the tester.
N-m).
7. Conditioning
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F02 on Primary
Barrier Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F02.25 on Rigid
7.1 Prior to calibration, the torque meter and weights shall
Container Closure Systems.
be allowed to come to ambient room conditions.
Current edition approved April 15, 2018. Published June 2018. Originally
approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D3474 – 90(2012).
DOI: 10.1520/D3474-90R18.
8. Calibration Procedures (see Fig. 1)
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
8.1 Spring-Loaded Type Testers:
Standards volume information, refer to the standard‘s Document Summary page on
8.1.1 Verify that the meter needle moves freely throughout
the ASTM website.
its entire range and rests on zero when not loaded. Adjust if
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. necessary.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3474 − 90 (2018)
FIG. 1 Torque Meter Calibration Set Up
8.1.2 If an adapter is used, fasten it securely and concentri- 8.2.5 If the tester has downward force measurement
cally to the tester platform or spindle. capability, stack weights on the platform and enter their values
8.1.3 Secure the torque meter to a table or work surface. as prompted by the computer program.
8.1.4 Secure one end of the connecting means to a point on 8.2.6 The program will automatically recalibrate and indi-
the circumference of the adapter or rotating platform and wrap
cate errors if they occur.
it at least halfway around the circumference.
8.1.5 Run the connecting means over a low friction pulley
9. Torque Measurement
located near the edge of a bench or table, and let it hang
9.1 Spring-Loaded Type Testers:
vertically for the attachment of weights.
9.1.1 Remove the calibration adapter and install the posts in
8.1.6 Sequentially,attachdeadweightsappropriatelytogive
the movable cross members. It is important that the spacing
1 1
torque values equal to ⁄4 , ⁄2, and full-scale meter readings.
between the posts shall be such that the container or closure is
Make certain that the weights are hanging freely. Record the
held securely but not deformed.
weight, radius and the meter reading at each test point, making
9.1
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3474 − 90 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Practice for
Calibration and Use of Torque Meters Used in Packaging
Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3474; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4.2 Use—Torque values to apply or remove closures are
obtained by mounting containers on the platform and either
1.1 This practice covers the calibration and use of torque
applying or removing the closures. In some applications, the
meters of the type normally used in packaging applications.
closure is mounted on the platform and the container is rotated.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.1 This practice can be used to check devices used to
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
measure the application and removal torques of continuous or
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
intermittent thread and lug closures.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
5.2 This practice can be used to determine the amount of
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
torque to either apply or remove a closure.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
6. Apparatus
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
6.1 Adapter—A circular plate that can be mounted concen-
trically on the platform of the tester. If the platform itself is
2. Referenced Documents
suitable, an adapter is not necessary. The adapter should be of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
such diameter that its radius multiplied by appropriate weights
D3198 Test Method for Application and Removal Torque of
1 1
will give torque values equal to ⁄4, ⁄2 , and full-scale meter
Threaded or Lug-Style Closures (Withdrawn 2016)
readings. (Typical devices for packaging applications have
ranges from: 0 to 10, 0 to 25, 0 to 50, and 0 to 100 lbf-in. (0
3. Terminology
to 1.13, 0 to 2.8, 0 to 5.7, and 0 to 11.3 N/m, respectively).
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of application torque and
6.2 Connecting Means—A very flexible, thin filament, such
removal torque, see Test Method D3198.
as a wire or fishing line that transmits the force of hanging
3.1.1 stripping torque—a force or system of forces acting in
weights to the circumference of the adapter.
a tightening direction that causes overrunning of the threads or
rotation of an overshell with respect to its supporting member.
6.3 Pulley, low friction, used to change the direction of the
connecting means from horizontal to vertical.
4. Summary of Practice
6.4 Appropriate Dead Weights, for example: 2, 4, and 7-lb
4.1 Calibration—Reference torque values are obtained by
(0.9, 1.8, and 3.2-kg) for a torque meter with a 7 in. (178 mm)
means of vertically suspended dead weights acting at specific
diameter plate or platform and a range of 0 to 25 in-lbs (0 to 2.8
distances from the axis of the mounting platform of the tester.
N-m).
7. Conditioning
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F02 on Primary
Barrier Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F02.25 on Rigid
7.1 Prior to calibration, the torque meter and weights shall
Container Closure Systems.
be allowed to come to ambient room conditions.
Current edition approved April 15, 2018. Published June 2018. Originally
approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D3474 – 90(2012).
DOI: 10.1520/D3474-90R18.
8. Calibration Procedures (see Fig. 1)
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
8.1 Spring-Loaded Type Testers:
Standards volume information, refer to the standard‘s Document Summary page on
8.1.1 Verify that the meter needle moves freely throughout
the ASTM website.
3 its entire range and rests on zero when not loaded. Adjust if
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. necessary.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3474 − 90 (2018)
FIG. 1 Torque Meter Calibration Set Up
8.1.2 If an adapter is used, fasten it securely and concentri- 8.2.5 If the tester has downward force measurement
cally to the tester platform or spindle. capability, stack weights on the platform and enter their values
8.1.3 Secure the torque meter to a table or work surface. as prompted by the computer program.
8.1.4 Secure one end of the connecting means to a point on
8.2.6 The program will automatically recalibrate and indi-
the circumference of the adapter or rotating platform and wrap cate errors if they occur.
it at least halfway around the circumference.
8.1.5 Run the connecting means over a low friction pulley
9. Torque Measurement
located near the edge of a bench or table, and let it hang
9.1 Spring-Loaded Type Testers:
vertically for the attachment of weights.
9.1.1 Remove the calibration adapter and install the posts in
8.1.6 Sequentially, attach dead weights appropriately to give
the movable cross members. It is important that the spacing
1 1
torque values equal to ⁄4 , ⁄2, and full-scale meter readings.
between the posts shall be such that the container or closure is
Make certain that the weights are hanging freely. Record the
held securely but not deformed.
weight, radius and the meter reading at each test point, making
9.1.2 Application Torque:
certain that the needle returns to zero when the weights are
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D3474 − 90 (Reapproved 2012) D3474 − 90 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Practice for
Calibration and Use of Torque Meters Used in Packaging
Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3474; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the calibration and use of torque meters of the type normally used in packaging applications.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D3198 Test Method for Application and Removal Torque of Threaded or Lug-Style Closures (Withdrawn 2016)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of application torque and removal torque, see Test Method D3198.
3.1.1 stripping torque—a force or system of forces acting in a tightening direction that causes overrunning of the threads or
rotation of an overshell with respect to its supporting member.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 Calibration—Reference torque values are obtained by means of vertically suspended dead weights acting at specific
distances from the axis of the mounting platform of the tester.
4.2 Use—Torque values to apply or remove closures are obtained by mounting containers on the platform and either applying
or removing the closures. In some applications, the closure is mounted on the platform and the container is rotated.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This practice can be used to check devices used to measure the application and removal torques of continuous or intermittent
thread and lug closures.
5.2 This practice can be used to determine the amount of torque to either apply or remove a closure.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Adapter—A circular plate that can be mounted concentrically on the platform of the tester. If the platform itself is suitable,
an adapter is not necessary. The adapter should be of such diameter that its radius multiplied by appropriate weights will give
1 1
torque values equal to ⁄4, ⁄2 , and full-scale meter readings. (Typical devices for packaging applications have ranges from: 0 to
10, 0 to 25, 0 to 50, and 0 to 100 lbf-in. (0 to 1.13, 0 to 2.8, 0 to 5.7, and 0 to 11.3 N/m, respectively).
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F02 on FlexiblePrimary Barrier Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F02.25 on Rigid
Container Closure Systems.
Current edition approved April 1, 2012April 15, 2018. Published May 2012June 2018. Originally approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 20072012 as
D3474 – 90 (2007). (2012). DOI: 10.1520/D3474-90R12.10.1520/D3474-90R18.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard‘s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3474 − 90 (2018)
6.2 Connecting Means—A very flexible, thin filament, such as a wire or fishing line that transmits the force of hanging weights
to the circumference of the adapter.
6.3 Pulley, low friction, used to change the direction of the connecting means from horizontal to vertical.
6.4 Appropriate Dead Weights, for example: 2, 4, and 7-lb (0.9, 1.8, and 3.2-kg) for a torque meter with a 7 in. (178 mm)
diameter plate or platform and a range of 0 to 25 in-lbs (0 to 2.8 N-m).
7. Conditioning
7.1 Prior to calibration, the torque meter and weights shall be allowed to come to ambient room conditions.
8. Calibration Procedures (see Fig. 1)
8.1 Spring-Loaded Type Testers:
8.1.1 Verify that the meter needle moves freely throughout its entire range and rests on zero when not loaded. Adjust if
necessary.
8.1.2 If an adapter is used, fasten it securely and concentrically to the tester platform or spindle.
8.1.3 Secure the torque meter to a table or work surface.
8.1.4 Secure one end of the connecting means to a point on the circumference of the adapter or rotating platform and wrap it
at least halfway around the circumference.
8.1.5 Run the connecting means over a low friction pulley located near the edge of a bench or table, and let it hang vertically
for the attachment of weights.
1 1
8.1.6 Sequentially, attach dead weights appropriately to give torque values equal to ⁄4 , ⁄2, and full-scale meter readings. Make
certain that the weights are hanging freely. Record the weight, radius and the meter reading at each test point, making certain that
the needle returns to zero when the weights are removed.
8.1.7 If the difference between the measured and indicated readings differ from the manufacturers’ specification (usually 64 %
of full scale), the user will need to generate a calibration chart or have the instrument repaired.
8.1.8 For torque meters that measure both clockwise and counterclockwise, repeat 8.1.6, but with the platform rotation in the
opposite direction.
8.2 Automatic Type Testers:
8.2.1 Attach a small
...
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