ASTM D6794-02(2007)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring the Effect on Filterability of Engine Oils After Treatment with Various Amounts of Water and a Long (6-h) Heating Time
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Effect on Filterability of Engine Oils After Treatment with Various Amounts of Water and a Long (6-h) Heating Time
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
It is normal for some of the combustion products of an internal combustion engine to penetrate into the engine lubricant and be retained in it.
When an engine is run for a period of time and then stored over a long period of time, the by-products of combustion may be retained in the oil in a liquefied state.
Under these circumstances, precipitates can form that impair the filterability of the oil the next time the engine is run.
This test method subjects the test oil and the new oil to the same treatments such that the loss of filterability can be determined.
Reference oils, on which the data obtained by this test method is known, are available.
This test method requires that a reference oil also be tested and results reported. Two oils are available, one known to give a low and one known to give a high data value for this test method.
Note 1—When the new oil test results are to be offered as candidate oil test results for a specification, such as Specification D 4485, the specification will state maximum allowable loss of filterability (flow reduction) of the test oil as compared to the new oil.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tendency of an oil to form a precipitate that can plug an oil filter. It simulates a problem that may be encountered in a new engine run for a short period of time, followed by a long period of storage with some water in the oil.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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An American National Standard
Designation:D6794–02 (Reapproved 2007)
Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Effect on Filterability of Engine Oils After
Treatment with Various Amounts of Water and a Long (6-h)
Heating Time
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6794; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Any properly equipped laboratory, without outside assistance, can use the procedure described in
this test method. However, theASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) provides reference oils and an
assessmentofthetestresultsobtainedonthoseoilsbythelaboratory(seeAnnexA1).Bythesemeans,
the laboratory will know whether their use of the test method gives results statistically similar to those
obtainedbyotherlaboratories.Furthermore,variousagenciesrequirethatalaboratoryutilizetheTMC
services in seeking qualification of oils against specifications. For example, the U.S. Army imposes
such a requirement in connection with several Army engine lubricating oil specifications.
Accordingly, this test method is written for use by laboratories that utilize the TMC services.
Laboratories that choose not to use those services may simply ignore those portions of the test method
that refer to the TMC.
This test method may be modified by means of information letters issued by the TMC. In addition,
the TMC may issue supplementary memoranda related to the test method (see Annex A1).
For other information, refer to the research report of this test method.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the ten- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
dency of an oil to form a precipitate that can plug an oil filter. D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
Itsimulatesaproblemthatmaybeencounteredinanewengine D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
run for a short period of time, followed by a long period of Petroleum Products
storage with some water in the oil. D 4485 Specification for Performance of Engine Oils
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the D 5844 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the Oils for Inhibition of Rusting (Sequence IID)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- D 5862 Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- Two-Stroke Cycle Turbo-Supercharged 6V92TA Diesel
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Engine
E 344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrom-
etry
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
3. Terminology
D02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.
3.1 Definitions:
Current edition approved May 1, 2007. Published June 2007. Originally
approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 6794 – 02.
ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 152006-4489.
This test method is supplemented by Information Letters and Memoranda issued by For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
theASTM Test Monitoring Center. Users of this test method can contact theASTM contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Test Monitoring Center to obtain the most recent of these. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may the ASTM website.
be obtained by requesting Research Report RR: D02–1492. Withdrawn.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D6794–02 (2007)
3.1.1 calibrate, v—to determine the indication or output of 5.6 This test method requires that a reference oil also be
a measuring device with respect to that of a standard. E 344 tested and results reported. Two oils are available, one known
3.1.2 calibration test, n—a test, using a coded oil, con- to give a low and one known to give a high data value for this
ducted as specified in the test method. test method.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—The test result is used to determine the
NOTE 1—Whenthenewoiltestresultsaretobeofferedascandidateoil
suitability of the testing facility/laboratory to conduct such
test results for a specification, such as Specification D 4485, the specifi-
tests on non-reference oils.
cation will state maximum allowable loss of filterability (flow reduction)
3.1.3 candidate oil, n—an oil that is intended to have the of the test oil as compared to the new oil.
performance characteristics necessary to satisfy a specification
6. Apparatus
and is tested against that specification. D 5844
3.1.4 engine oil, n—a liquid that reduces friction or wear, or 6.1 Theapparatusconsistsofa25-mLburette,afilterholder
with 25-µm automotive oil filter paper, and a source of 69 6 2
both, between the moving parts within an engine; removes
heat, particularly from the underside of pistons; and serves as kPa (10 6 0.3 psi) air pressure. Discs of filter paper are cut to
fit the holder and installed (see Fig. 1).
a combustion gas sealant for the piston rings.
6.1.1 Burette (glass or plastic), 25 mL, with polytetrafluo-
3.1.4.1 Discussion—It may contain additives to enhance
roethylene (PTFE) stopcock and 1.8 6 0.1–mm burette tip
certain properties. Inhibition of engine rusting, deposit forma-
opening.
tion,valvetrainwear,oiloxidation,andfoamingareexamples.
6.1.2 Air Regulator, capable of regulating air to a pressure
D 5862
of 69 6 2 kPa (10 6 0.3 psi).
3.1.5 non-reference oil, n—any oil other than a reference
6.1.3 Filter Holder, with effective filter area approximately
oil–such as a research formulation, commercial oil, or candi-
0.8 cm .
date oil. D 5844
6.1.4 Automotive Oil Filter Paper, 25 mm, (25-µm poros-
3.1.6 reference oil, n—an oil of known performance char-
ity).
acteristics, used as a basis for comparison.
6.2 Blender, capable of 18 000 r/min 610 % without the
3.1.6.1 Discussion—Reference oils are used to calibrate
container.
testing facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, or
6.2.1 Timer, capable of timing 30 61s.
to evaluate other materials (such as seals) that interact with
6.3 Container with Blade, 250 mL, compatible with the
oils. D 5844
blender.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
6.4 Syringe, 1000 µL.
3.2.1 effective filter area, n—that surface of a test filter that
6.5 Glass Jars, 60 mL, with inert lined lids.
can receive the material to be filtered.
6.6 Mechanical Convection Oven, capable of maintaining
3.2.2 new oil, n—an unused oil having the identical formu-
70 6 1°C.
lation and base stock as the test oil.
6.7 Sensors (or equivalent timing devices), capable of mea-
3.2.3 test oil, n—the new oil with various amounts of water
suring sequential events to 1 s resolution.
added.
3.2.3.1 Discussion—A potential precipitate in the test oil is
7. Reagents
induced by heating the oil and aging.
7.1 Purity of Reagents—Use reagent grade chemicals in all
tests.Unlessotherwiseindicated,itisintendedthatallreagents
4. Summary of Test Method
shall conform to the specifications of the Committee on
4.1 The test oil is treated with deionized water. The sample
AnalyticalReagentsoftheAmericanChemicalSociety, where
is heated to 70°C for 6 h, followed by storage at room
such specifications are available. Other grades may be used,
temperature. The sample is filtered and the flow rate is
provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently
calculated determining the engine oil filterability characteris-
high purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of
tics.
the determination.
7.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references
5. Significance and Use
towatershallbeunderstoodtomeanTestMethodD 1193Type
5.1 It is normal for some of the combustion products of an
III deionized water or water of equivalent purity.
internal combustion engine to penetrate into the engine lubri-
cant and be retained in it.
5.2 When an engine is run for a period of time and then
The sole source of supply of the automotive oil filter paper known to the
stored over a long period of time, the by-products of combus-
committee at this time is The Central Parts Distributor, OH Technologies Inc., P.O.
tion may be retained in the oil in a liquefied state. Box5039,Mentor,OH44061-5039.Ifyouareawareofalternativesuppliers,please
provide this information toASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will
5.3 Under these circumstances, precipitates can form that
receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee ,
impair the filterability of the oil the next time the engine is run.
which you may attend.
5.4 This test method subjects the test oil and the new oil to
Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications , American
Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
the same treatments such that the loss of filterability can be
listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory
determined.
Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia
5.5 Reference oils, on which the data obtained by this test
and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,
method is known, are available. MD.
D6794–02 (2007)
NOTE—Filter holder has approximate area of 0.8 cm . It contains automotive oil filter paper (25 µm porosity).
FIG. 1 Apparatus To Measure Engine Oil Filterability
7.3 TMC Reference Oils—These are available from theTest 10. Procedure
Monitoring Center.
10.1 Assemble apparatus as shown in Fig. 1 with filter
installed in proper orientation (25-µm smooth side up).
8. Sampling
10.2 Determine the new oil flow rate by placing a sample of
8.1 Take samples in accordance with the instructions in
the new oil in the burette. Pressurize the system and force at
Practice D 4057.
least10mLofoilthroughthefiltertosaturatethefilterwithoil
and remove any air bubbles. Disconnect the air line and fill the
9. Preparation of Test Oil Sample and Filter
burette with new oil to a level 1 to 2 cm above the 0 mark.
Pressurize the system to 69 6 2 kPa (10 6 0.3 psi), open the
9.1 Mix 49.7 6 0.1 g of test oil, 0.3 6 0.05 g (0.3 6 0.05
stopcock, and measure the flow time for each successive 5 mL
mLwiththe1000-µLsyringe)ofdeionizedwaterintheblender
of oil between the 0 and 25-mL graduations.
for 30 6 1 s at 18 000 r/min 610 %. Cover the top of the
container loosely to prevent oil spattering. 10.3 Todeterminethetestoilflowrate,theflowtimesofthe
9.2 Transfer the sample to a 60-mLwide mouth glass bottle new oil are first determined. Using the same filter disc, filter
holder,andburette,reducethenewoillevelintheburettetothe
andplacethelooselycapped(1/4turn)bottleinanovenat70.0
61.0°Cfor6h.Removefromtheoven,tightencap,andallow lowest level that allows no air bubbles below the stopcock.
Disconnect the air line and fill the burette with a well-mixed
to cool to room temperature (20 to 24°C).
sample of test oil to a level 1 to 2 cm above the 0 mark.
9.3 Repeat 9.1 and 9.2 with 0.5 g water, 1.0 g water, and 1.5
Pressurize the system to 69 6 2 kPa (10 6 0.3 psi), open the
g water.
stopcock, and measure the flow time for each successive 5 mL
9.4 Store in dark at room temperature (20 to 24°C).
of oil between the 0 and 25-mL graduations.
9.5 Determine filterability 48 6 2 h after removing the
sample from the oven. 10.4 Run each non-reference and reference oil in duplicate;
9.6 Dry filters in an oven at 70 6 2°C for 30 6 2 min and repeat Section 9 and 10.1 to 10.4 for each non-reference and
store in a desiccator until used. each reference oil.
D6794–02 (2007)
10.5 For TMC-monitored tests, run the TMC reference oil 12.1.4 Reporting of Reference Oil Test Results—Report the
on the same day as the non-reference oil. results of all reference oil tests to the TMC according to the
10.6 For tests not monitored by the TMC, an in-house following directives:
quality assurance oil can be used in place of the TMC 12.1.4.1 The data report forms are available from the TMC
reference. for reporting all TMC reference oil test data to the TMC.
Report only the reference oil results to the TMC. Do not
include any non-reference test data. Complete all of the
11. Calculation
required blank fields on the forms.
11.1 Calculate the flow rate for the new oil and the test oil
12.1.4.2 Transmit reference test data to the TMC by elec-
for each 5-mL portion of oil using Eq 1:
tronic means or by telephone facsimile immediately upon
A
completion of the test analysis. Include all of the reporting
flow rate 5 (1)
B
forms in the transmission.
where:
NOTE 4—Specific protocols for the electronic transmission of test data
A = volume of oil, and
to the TMC are available from the TMC.
B = flow time.
12.1.5 Evaluation of Reference Test Oil Results—Upon
11.2 Calculate the percent change in flow rate of the test oil
receipt of the transmitted TMC reference oil test results, the
relative to the new oil with the final oil flow rates (between 20
TMC will review the test for operational adherence to the
and 25 mL measured with the same filter disc) using Eq 2:
published test method. If the test is found to be operationally
E 2 D
valid, the reference oil results will be evaluated using accep-
percent change in flow rate 5 3 100 (2)
D
tance criteria established by the governing surveillance panel.
The reference oil acceptance criteria are subject to change at
where:
the discretion of the surveillance panel.
D = final new oil flow rate, and
12.1.5.1 If the transmitted test is found to be both opera-
E = final test oil flow rate.
tionallyvalidandstatisticallyacceptable,thetestinglaboratory
will be notified of the acceptable status of the reference test.
12. TMC Reference Oil Testing
The uncoded TMC reference oil identification will also be
12.1 Test a TMC-coded reference oil along with each batch
disclosed to the testing laboratory.
of non-reference oil tests. Run the reference oil simultaneously
12.1.5.2 In the event that a TMC reference oil test is found
with, and in the same batch as, the non-reference oils.
to be unacceptable, an explanation of the problem relating to
the failure will be provided to the testing laboratory. If there is
NOTE 2—AnnexA1 discusses the involvement of theASTMTMC with
an obvious operational reason for the failed test, the problem
respect to
...
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