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ASTM D3786/D3786M-18

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textile Fabrics—Diaphragm Bursting Strength Tester Method

Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textile Fabrics—Diaphragm Bursting Strength Tester Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This method for the determination of diaphragm bursting strength of knitted, nonwoven and woven fabrics is being used by the textile industry for the evaluation of a wide variety of end uses.  
5.2 In cases where test results obtained using the procedures in Test Method D3786 have not been correlated with actual performance, Test Method D3786 is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of textile fabrics for bursting strength since the method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing. In cases where disagreement arising from differences in values reported by the purchaser and the supplier when using Test Method D3786 for acceptance testing, the statistical bias, if any, between the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the supplier should be determined with comparison based on testing specimens randomly drawn from one sample of material of the type being evaluated.
Note 2: The kind of load transfer and stretch that occur when knitted goods and nonwoven fabrics are worn are prevented by clamping them as described in this method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the measurement of the resistance of textile fabrics to bursting using a hydraulic or pneumatic diaphragm bursting tester. This test method is generally applicable to a wide variety of textile products.  
1.2 This test method may also be applicable for stretch woven and woven industrial fabrics such as inflatable restraints. As new materials that may exceed the range of the instrument are developed, please refer to the reporting section and consider using Test Methods D3787 or D6797 instead.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
Note 1: For the measurement of the bursting strength by means of a ball burst mechanism, refer to Test Method D3787.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2017
ICS
59.080.30 - Textile fabrics
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.59 - Fabric Physical Test Methods A
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D3786/D3786M-18 - Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textile Fabrics—Diaphragm Bursting Strength Tester MethodASTM D3786/D3786M-18 - Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textile Fabrics—Diaphragm Bursting Strength Tester Method
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ASTM D3786/D3786M-18 - Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textile Fabrics—Diaphragm Bursting Strength Tester Method
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REDLINE ASTM D3786/D3786M-18 - Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textile Fabrics—Diaphragm Bursting Strength Tester MethodREDLINE ASTM D3786/D3786M-18 - Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textile Fabrics—Diaphragm Bursting Strength Tester Method
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REDLINE ASTM D3786/D3786M-18 - Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textile Fabrics—Diaphragm Bursting Strength Tester Method
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3786/D3786M − 18
Standard Test Method for
Bursting Strength of Textile Fabrics—Diaphragm Bursting
1
Strength Tester Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3786/D3786M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method describes the measurement of the 2.1 ASTM Standards:
resistance of textile fabrics to bursting using a hydraulic or D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
pneumatic diaphragm bursting tester. This test method is D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
generally applicable to a wide variety of textile products. D3787 Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textiles—
Constant-Rate-of-Traverse (CRT) Ball Burst Test
1.2 This test method may also be applicable for stretch
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test
woven and woven industrial fabrics such as inflatable re-
Methods
straints. As new materials that may exceed the range of the
D6797 Test Method for Bursting Strength of Fabrics
instrument are developed, please refer to the reporting section
Constant-Rate-of-Extension (CRE) Ball Burst Test
and consider using Test Methods D3787 or D6797 instead.
2.2 Other Standard:
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
3
TAPPI Method T 403 , Bursting Strength of Paper
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
3. Terminology
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
3.1 For all terminology related to D13.59, Fabric Test
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
Methods, see Terminology D4850.
with the standard.
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
NOTE 1—For the measurement of the bursting strength by means of a
bursting strength, knitted fabric, nonwoven fabric, stretch
ball burst mechanism, refer to Test Method D3787.
woven fabric, woven fabric.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, see Termi-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
nology D123.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4. Summary of Test Method
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
4.1 A specimen is clamped over an expandable diaphragm.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- The diaphragm is expanded by fluid pressure to the point of
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
specimen rupture. The difference between the total pressure
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- required to rupture the specimen and the pressure required to
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
inflate the diaphragm is reported as the bursting strength.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric Test Methods, contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
General. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2018. Published January 2018. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D3786–13. DOI: Available from Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI),
10.1520/D3786_D3786M-18. 15 Technology Parkway South, Norcross, GA 30092, http://www.tappi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3786/D3786M − 18
5. Significance and Use 6.1.4 Pressure System—A means of applying controlled
increasing pressure to the underside of the diaphragm until the
5.1 This method for the determination of diaphragm burst-
specimen bursts. This can be achieved by two methods;
ing strength of knitted, nonwoven and woven fabrics is being
hydraulic or pneumatic.
used by the textile industry for the evaluation of a wide variety
6.1.4.1 Hydraulic pressure is produced by a fluid displaced
of end uses.
at the rate of 95 6 5 mL/min. The fluid is displaced by a piston
5.2 In cases where test results obtained using
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D3786/D3786M − 13 D3786/D3786M − 18
Standard Test Method for
Bursting Strength of Textile Fabrics—Diaphragm Bursting
1
Strength Tester Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3786/D3786M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method describes the measurement of the resistance of textile fabrics to bursting using a hydraulic or pneumatic
diaphragm bursting tester. This test method is generally applicable to a wide variety of textile products.
1.2 This test method may also be applicable for stretch woven and woven industrial fabrics such as inflatable restraints. As new
materials that may exceed the range of the instrument are developed, please refer to the reporting section and consider using Test
Methods D3787 or D6797 instead.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
NOTE 1—For the measurement of the bursting strength by means of a ball burst mechanism, refer to Test Method D3787.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D3787 Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textiles—Constant-Rate-of-Traverse (CRT) Ball Burst Test
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test Methods
D6797 Test Method for Bursting Strength of Fabrics Constant-Rate-of-Extension (CRE) Ball Burst Test
2.2 Other Standard:
3
TAPPI Method T 403 , Bursting Strength of Paper
3. Terminology
3.1 For all terminology related to D13.59, Fabric Test Methods, see Terminology D4850.
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: bursting strength, knitted fabric, nonwoven fabric, stretch woven fabric,
woven fabric.
3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, see Terminology D123.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric Test Methods, General.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2013Jan. 1, 2018. Published January 2013January 2018. Originally approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 20122013 as
D3786–12.–13. DOI: 10.1520/D3786_D3786M-13.10.1520/D3786_D3786M-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI), 15 Technology Parkway South, Norcross, GA 30092, http://www.tappi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3786/D3786M − 18
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A specimen is clamped over an expandable diaphragm. The diaphragm is expanded by fluid pressure to the point of
specimen rupture. The difference between the total pressure required to rupture the specimen and the pressure required to inflate
the diaphragm is reported as the bursting strength.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This method for the determination of diaphragm bursting strength of knitted, nonwoven and woven fabrics is being used
by the textile industry for the evaluation of a wide variety of end uses.
5.2 In cases where test
...

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5.4 The resistance of textile materials to abrasion as measured on a testing machine in the laboratory is generally only one of several factors contributing to wear performance or durability as experienced in the actual use of the material. While “abrasion resistance” (often stated in terms of the number of cycles on a specified machine, using a specified technique to produce a spe...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of woven textile fabrics using the oscillatory cylinder tester. This test method may not be usable for some fabric constructions.
Note 1: Other procedures for measuring the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics are given in: Guides D3884 and D4158, and Test Methods D3885, D3886, and AATCC 93.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4966-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Martindale Abrasion Tester Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—this test method is not considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of fabric. The between-laboratory precision of this test method is poor and, because of the nature of abrasion testing itself, technicians frequently fail to obtain results in agreement on the same type of testing instrument, both within and between laboratories. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely, especially outside the United States.  
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens then should be assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Students t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.  
5.2 The resistance to abrasion also is affected greatly by the conditions of the tests, such as the nature of abradant; variable action of the abradant over the area of specimen abraded, the tension on the specimen, the pressure between the specimen and abradant, and the dimensional changes in the specimen.  
5.3 Abrasion tests are all subject to variation due to changes in the abradant during specific tests. The abradant must be changed accordingly at freque...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics using the Martindale abrasion tester. The method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: For other current test methods of testing the abrasion resistance of textiles refer to Test Methods D3884, D3885, D3886, D4157, D4158, and AATCC TM93.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4970/D4970M-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Martindale Tester

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because interlaboratory data are not available. In some cases the purchaser or supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available method even though the method has not been recommended for acceptance testing. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely outside the United States.  
5.2 If there is a disagreement arising from differences in values reported by the purchaser and the supplier when using this test method, the statistical bias, if any, between the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the supplier should be determined with comparison being based on testing specimens randomly drawn from one sample of material of the type being evaluated. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. A minimum of two parties should take a group of test specimens, which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens then should be assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average test results from the two laboratories should be compared using an acceptable statistical protocol and probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is started. Appropriate statistical disciplines for comparing data must be used when the purchaser and supplier cannot agree. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future results with consideration for the known bias.  
5.3 The pilling of textile fabrics is a very complex property because it is affected by many factors that include type of fiber or blends, fiber dimensions, yarn and fabric construction, and fabric f...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance to the formation of pills and other related surface changes on textile fabrics using the Martindale tester.
Note 1: For other methods, if testing the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511/D3511M, D3512/D3512M, and D3514.  
1.2 This test method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.3 The fabric may be laundered or dry cleaned before testing as agreed upon among interested parties.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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