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ASTM D4599-03

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Measuring the Concentration of Toxic Gases or Vapors Using Length-of-Stain Dosimeters

Standard Practice for Measuring the Concentration of Toxic Gases or Vapors Using Length-of-Stain Dosimeters

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The Federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration in 29 CFR 1910.1000 Subpart Z designates that certain gases and vapors present in work place atmospheres must be controlled so that their concentrations do not exceed specified limits.
This practice will provide a means for the determination of airborne concentrations of certain gases and vapors listed in 29 CFR 1910.1000.
A partial list of chemicals for which this practice is applicable is presented in Annex A1 with current Threshold Limit Values (TLV) (2)  and typical measurement ranges for the selected chemicals as obtained from various manufacturer’specifications.
This practice may be used for either personal or area monitoring.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the detection and measurement of time weighted average (TWA) concentrations of toxic gases or vapors using length-of-stain colorimetric dosimeter tubes. A list of some of the gases and vapors that can be detected by this practice is provided in Annex A1. This list is given as a guide and should be considered neither absolute nor complete.  
1.2 Length-of-stain colorimetric dosimeters work by diffusional sampling. The results are immediately available by visual observation; thus no auxiliary sampling, test nor analysis equipment are needed. The dosimeters, therefore, are extremely simple to use and very cost effective.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Apr-2003
ICS
13.320 - Alarm and warning systems
Technical Committee
D22 - Air Quality
Drafting Committee
D22.04 - Workplace Air Quality
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4599-97 - Standard Practice for Measuring the Concentration of Toxic Gases or Vapors Using Length-of-Stain Dosimeters
Effective Date
10-Apr-2003
Replaced By
ASTM D4599-03(2009)e1 - Standard Practice for Measuring the Concentration of Toxic Gases or Vapors Using Length-of-Stain Dosimeters
Effective Date
01-Oct-2009
Referred By
ASTM D6246-08(2018) - Standard Practice for Evaluating the Performance of Diffusive Samplers
Effective Date
10-Apr-2003
Referred By
ASTM D4844-16 - Standard Guide for Air Monitoring at Waste Management Facilities for Worker Protection
Effective Date
10-Apr-2003

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ASTM D4599-03 - Standard Practice for Measuring the Concentration of Toxic Gases or Vapors Using Length-of-Stain DosimetersASTM D4599-03 - Standard Practice for Measuring the Concentration of Toxic Gases or Vapors Using Length-of-Stain Dosimeters
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ASTM D4599-03 - Standard Practice for Measuring the Concentration of Toxic Gases or Vapors Using Length-of-Stain Dosimeters
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:D4599–03
Standard Practice for
Measuring the Concentration of Toxic Gases or Vapors
1
Using Length-of-Stain Dosimeters
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4599; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Summary of Practice
1.1 This practice describes the detection and measurement 4.1 Length-of-stain colorimetric dosimeters consist of a
4
of time weighted average (TWA) concentrations of toxic gases sealed glass tube containing a detector inside the tube (1-5).
or vapors using length-of-stain colorimetric dosimeter tubes.A The detector is a length of granulated material impregnated
listofsomeofthegasesandvaporsthatcanbedetectedbythis with a reactive chemical that is sensitive to the particular gas
practice is provided in Annex A1. This list is given as a guide for which the dosimeter is designed. To use the tube, one end
and should be considered neither absolute nor complete. is opened. The gas, if present, diffuses into the tube and reacts
1.2 Length-of-stain colorimetric dosimeters work by diffu- with the chemical reagent on the carrier material, causing the
sional sampling. The results are immediately available by latter to change color. Each lot of dosimeters is individually
visualobservation;thusnoauxiliarysampling,testnoranalysis calibrated so that by measuring the length of stain and the time
equipment are needed. The dosimeters, therefore, are ex- ofexposure,theTWAconcentrationtowhichthedosimeterhas
tremely simple to use and very cost effective. been exposed can be determined directly and immediately.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the 4.2 Information on the correct use of length of stain dosim-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the eter tubes is presented.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5. Significance and Use
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.1 The Federal Occupational Safety and Health Adminis-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tration in 29 CFR 1910.1000 Subpart Z designates that certain
2. Referenced Documents
gases and vapors present in work place atmospheres must be
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: controlled so that their concentrations do not exceed specified
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of limits.
Atmospheres 5.2 This practice will provide a means for the determination
2.2 Other Document: of airborne concentrations of certain gases and vapors listed in
Federal Occupational Safety and Health Standard—Title 29 CFR 1910.1000.
3
29 1910.1000 Subpart Z 5.3 A partial list of chemicals for which this practice is
applicable is presented in Annex A1 with current Threshold
3. Terminology
LimitValues(TLV)(2)andtypicalmeasurementrangesforthe
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer to selected chemicals as obtained from various manufacturer’s
Terminology D1356.
specifications.
5.4 This practice may be used for either personal or area
monitoring.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D22 onAir Quality
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.04 on Workplace Atmo-
spheres.
Current edition approved April 10, 2003. Published June 2003. Originally
approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D4599 – 97. DOI:
10.1520/D4599-03.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 4
Code of Federal Regulations, available from U.S. Government Printing Office, The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references appended to
Washington, DC 20402. this practice.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4599–03
3
6. Interferences
k = absorption capacity of a layer element, ng/cm , and
2
A = cross-sectional area of the reagent layer, cm assumed
6.1 The instructions may provide correction factors to be
constant.
applied when certain interferences are present. Some common
interfering gases or vapors for each dosimeter are listed in the This process, called chemisorption, has the following effects
instruction sheets for the dosimeter provided by the manufac-
on the remaining measuring process:
turers
9.1.1 Since the gas molecules to be measured are bound
chemically, they are practically no longer present in the
7. Apparatus
atmosphere
...

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5.1 The Federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration, in 29 CFR 1910, designates that certain gases and vapors must not be present in workplace atmospheres at concentrations above specific values.  
5.2 This practice will provide a means for the determination of airborne concentrations of certain gases and vapors given in 29 CFR 1910.  
5.3 A partial list of chemicals for which this practice is applicable is presented in Annex A1.  
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5.5.1 As the detector tube method requires no chemical analyzers, external reagents, etc., advance preparations are not needed; detector tubes are always ready for use.  
5.5.2 The detector tube method is well-suited for use at the work site because it is small, lightweight, and needs only a small sample volume to determine the concentration of gas or vapor in a sample.  
5.5.3 The operating procedures are simple.  
5.5.4 The results of measurements are available in just minutes, so fast action can be taken when needed.  
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SCOPE
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1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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Standard Practice for Measuring the Concentration of Toxic Gases or Vapors Using Length-of-Stain Dosimeters

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) in 29 CFR 1910.1000, Subpart Z, designates that certain gases and vapors present in work place atmospheres must be controlled so that their concentrations do not exceed specified limits. Other countries have similar regulations.  
5.2 This practice will provide a means for the measurement of airborne concentrations of certain gases and vapors listed in 29 CFR 1910.1000 and in other countries’ regulations.  
5.3 A partial list of chemicals for which this practice is applicable is presented in Appendix X1 with current National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recommended exposure limit (REL) values (2) and typical measurement ranges for the selected chemicals as obtained from various manufacturer’s specifications. This list is for guidance purposes only; the user of this practice is responsible for determining the applicability of commercially available tubes to specific exposure limits.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the detection and measurement of time weighted average (TWA) concentrations of toxic gases or vapors using length-of-stain colorimetric dosimeter tubes. A list of some of the gases and vapors that can be detected by this practice is provided in Appendix X1. This list is given as a guide and should be considered neither absolute nor complete.  
1.2 Length-of-stain colorimetric dosimeters work by diffusional sampling. The results are immediately available by visual observation; thus no auxiliary sampling, test, nor analysis equipment are needed. The dosimeters, therefore, are extremely simple to use and very cost effective.  
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1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The Federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration, in 29 CFR 1910, designates that certain gases and vapors must not be present in workplace atmospheres at concentrations above specific values.  
5.2 This practice will provide a means for the determination of airborne concentrations of certain gases and vapors given in 29 CFR 1910.  
5.3 A partial list of chemicals for which this practice is applicable is presented in Annex A1.  
5.4 This practice also provides for the sampling of gaseous atmospheres to be used for process control or other purposes (2, 24-23).  
5.5 Advantages of the Detector Tube Method:  
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5.5.2 The detector tube method is well-suited for use at the work site because it is small, lightweight, and needs only a small sample volume to determine the concentration of gas or vapor in a sample.  
5.5.3 The operating procedures are simple.  
5.5.4 The results of measurements are available in just minutes, so fast action can be taken when needed.  
5.5.5 Where no electrical power source is required, detector tubes can be used even when flammable gases are present.  
5.5.6 Different types of detector tubes are available for different gases and measuring ranges, from 0.01 ppm to more than 10 %, depending on analyte and tube design, making the system flexible tor different sampling situations.
SCOPE
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is intended to promote the use of trained telecommunicators in the role of emergency medical dispatcher. It defines the basic skills and medical knowledge to permit understanding and resolution of the problems that constitute their daily routine. To use trained telecommunicators fully as functioning members of the emergency medical team, it is deemed necessary to upgrade the telecommunicators' training by the addition of the concept of emergency medical dispatch priorities.  
5.2 All agencies or individuals who routinely accept calls for emergency medical assistance from the public and dispatch emergency medical personnel shall have in effect an emergency medical dispatcher program in accordance with this practice. The program shall include medical direction and oversight and an emergency medical dispatch priority reference system.  
5.3 The successful use of the EMD concept depends on the medical community's awareness of the “prearrival” state of EMS affairs and their willingness to provide medical direction in dispatch.  
5.4 This practice may assist in overcoming some of the misconceptions regarding emergency medical dispatching. These include the uncontrollable nature of the caller's hysteria, lack of time of the dispatcher, potential danger and liability to the EMD, lack of recognition of the benefits of dispatch prearrival instructions, and misconceptions that red lights, siren, and maximal response are always necessary.  
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This specification establishes baseline performance requirements and additional optional capabilities for handheld point chemical vapor detectors (HPCVD) intended for homeland security applications. It provides HPCVD designers, manufacturers, integrators, procurement personnel, end users/practitioners, and responsible authorities a common set of parameters to match capabilities and user needs. The document specifies chemical detection performance requirements, system requirements, environmental requirements, manuals and documentation, product marking, and packaging.
SCOPE
1.1 General:  
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1.1.2 This document provides the HPCVD baseline requirements, including performance, system, environmental, and documentation requirements. This document provides HPCVD designers, manufacturers, integrators, procurement personnel, end users/practitioners, and responsible authorities a common set of parameters to match capabilities and user needs.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) in 29 CFR 1910.1000, Subpart Z, designates that certain gases and vapors present in work place atmospheres must be controlled so that their concentrations do not exceed specified limits. Other countries have similar regulations.  
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5.4 This practice may be used for either personal or area monitoring.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the detection and measurement of time weighted average (TWA) concentrations of toxic gases or vapors using length-of-stain colorimetric dosimeter tubes. A list of some of the gases and vapors that can be detected by this practice is provided in Appendix X1. This list is given as a guide and should be considered neither absolute nor complete.  
1.2 Length-of-stain colorimetric dosimeters work by diffusional sampling. The results are immediately available by visual observation; thus no auxiliary sampling, test, nor analysis equipment are needed. The dosimeters, therefore, are extremely simple to use and very cost effective.  
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4.1 This guide is intended for use by the designers, evaluators, and users of walk-through metal detectors to be installed to screen persons entering or leaving a controlled access area. This guide is not meant to constrain design liberty but is to be used as a guide in the selection of location and installation of walk-through metal detectors.
SCOPE
1.1 Some facilities require that personnel entering designated areas be screened for concealed weapons and other metallic materials. Also, personnel exiting designated areas are often screened for metallic shielding material and other types of metallic contraband. Walk-through metal detectors are widely used to implement these requirements. This guide describes various elements to be considered when planning to install walk-through metal detectors.  
1.2 This guide is not intended to set performance levels, nor is it intended to limit or constrain operational technologies.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM C1270-97(2021)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Detection Sensitivity Mapping of In-Plant Walk-Through Metal Detectors

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A complex set of variables affect metal detection and detection sensitivity. Some physical characteristics of metal objects that influence detection are material composition, shape, surface area, surface and internal electrical and magnetic properties, and finish. The orientation of a test object can greatly influence detection as can the direction and speed or changes in speed while passing through the detection zone. Nearby large metal objects and metal moving in near proximity to a metal detector also affect operation, as do temperature and humidity, and can be a cause for nuisance alarms. Additionally, most currently manufactured walk-through metal detectors have some means for programming the operation of the detector for special conditions or requirements; these variables and the effect they have on the operation of in-plant detectors must be considered if a test program is to be effective. This practice is intended to minimize the impact of these variables on the operation of in-plant detectors by systematically testing the installed detectors in the operating environment with the test object(s) specified by the regulatory authority requirements.  
5.2 This practice may be used to determine the critical test object from a group of test objects, its critical orientation, and the critical test path through the detection zone. This information may allow the use of a single test object for setting the operational sensitivity of the detector and performing periodic performance evaluations necessary to ensure a high probability that all test objects in the group are detectible within the capabilities of the detector.  
5.3 The detection sensitivity map(s) generated by this practice provides baseline metal detection data for the specified test objects and can serve as a foundation for in-plant walk-through metal detector set-up and performance evaluation testing. The detection sensitivity map(s) may be incorporated into a detector performance test log in suppo...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for determining the weakest detection path through the portal aperture and the worst-case orthogonal orientation of metallic test objects. It results in detection sensitivity maps, which model the detection zone in terms related to detection sensitivity and identify the weakest detection paths. Detection sensitivity maps support sensitivity adjustment and performance evaluation procedures (see Practices C1269 and C1309).  
Note 1: Unsymmetrical metal objects possessing a primary longitudinal component, such as handguns and knives, usually have one particular orientation that produces the weakest detection signal. The orientation and the path through the detector aperture where the weakest response is produced may not be the same for all test objects, even those with very similar appearance.
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1.4 This practice does not address safety or operational issues associated with the use of walk-through metal detectors.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This standard applies to all hand-worn or glove-type metal detectors used to find metal contraband concealed or hidden on people or other objects with hand-accessible surfaces. Hand-worn metal detectors (HWMDs) are significantly different in design compared to the more common hand-held metal detector (HHMD). For example, the HWMD generates a much more localized magnetic field than does the HHMD and the useful field of the HWMD is normal to the plane of the hand whereas the useful field of the HHMD is multi-directional.  
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1.3 This documentary standard describes the use of spherical test objects, instead of actual threat objects or exemplars of threat objects, to test the detection performance of hand-worn metal detectors. Spherical test objects are used because the detectability of spherical test objects is not orientation dependent, whereas this is not true for non-spherical test objects. This orientation-dependent detectability of non-spherical test objects may allow a HWMD to be incorrectly attributed a higher performance capability than that HWMD is capable of providing. To aid agencies wishing to add specific threat objects to their detection performance requirements, included in Appendix X1 is the analysis of the probability of detection for different orientations of agency-specific non-spherical threat objects.  
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Standard Performance Specifications and Test Methods for Hand-Held Metal Detectors Used in Safety and Security

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the acceptance requirements and performance testing procedures for all hand-held metal detectors (HHMDs) used to find metal contraband concealed or hidden on people or other objects with accessible surfaces. It covers baseline performance requirements, including metal object detection performance, safety (electrical, mechanical, fire), electromagnetic compatibility, environmental conditions and ranges, and mechanical durability. This performance specification describes the use of spherical test objects, instead of actual threat objects or exemplars of threat objects, to test the detection performance of HHMDs. The spherically shaped test objects are constructed of either aluminum or steel. Their diameters and the metal used for the different classification of HHMD performance are covered by this specification, along with the electrical conductivity and magnetic relative permeability of the metals used in the construction of the test objects. The specification also defines the distance between the measurement plane and the detector plane for the different HHMD size classes, as well as the x-axis scan range.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard applies to all hand-held metal detectors (HHMDs) used to find metal contraband concealed or hidden on people or other objects with accessible surfaces. This standard describes baseline performance requirements, which includes metal object detection performance, safety (electrical, mechanical, fire), electromagnetic compatibility, environmental conditions and ranges, and mechanical durability. The requirements for metal detection performance are unique and, therefore, test methods for these parameters are provided, including the design of test objects. An agency or organization using this standard is encouraged to add their unique operationally-based requirements to those requirements listed in this baseline performance specification.  
1.2 This standard describes the use of spherical test objects, instead of actual threat objects or exemplars of threat objects, to test the detection performance of hand-held metal detectors. Spherical test objects are used because the detectability of spherical test objects is not orientation dependent, whereas this is not true for non-spherical test objects. This orientation-dependent detectability of non-spherical test objects may allow a HHMD to be incorrectly attributed a higher performance capability than that HHMD is capable of providing. To aid agencies wishing to add specific threat objects to their detection performance requirements, included in Appendix X1 is the analysis of the probability of detection for different orientations of agency-specific threat objects.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    48 pages
    English language
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  • Technical specification
    48 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off